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NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION 1N18MCA27

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. General Introduction


The term, "non-governmental organization" or organization, came into use in 1945
owing to the necessity for the United Nations to differentiate in its Charter between
participation rights for intergovernmental specialized agencies and people for international
non-public organizations. At the UN, just about every kind of personal bodies may be
recognized as NGOs. They solely need to be freelance from government management, not
seeking to challenge governments either as a party or by a slim specialize in human rights,
noncommercial and non-criminal. As of 2003, there have been reportedly over twenty, NGOs
active in Persia. The bulk of those organizations square measure charity organizations, and so
wouldn't fall into the class of development-oriented NGOs. During this document the term
organization is primarily used for organizations aside from charitable organizations. The
structures of NGOs vary significantly.

With the development in communications, additional locally-based teams, named as


grass-roots organizations or community based mostly organizations, became active at the
national or perhaps the world level. Progressively this happens through the formation of
coalitions with different NGOs for explicit goals, like was the case within the case of the Bam
earthquake as an example. A civil society consists of 3 sectors: government, the non-public
sector and civil society, excluding businesses. NGOs square measure elements of social
movements inside a civil society. Within the case of Persia, wherever civil society isn't
nonetheless mature, NGOs will have a very important role in strengthening the foundations of
associate adorning civil society.

The problem of independence is a very important one within the believability of


associate organization. It’s laborious for NGOs to not come back underneath any governmental
influence. Individual governments do occasionally attempt to influence the organization

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community during a explicit field, by establishing NGOs that promote their policies. This has
been recognized by quite common use of the signifier GONGO, to label a government-
organized organization. Also, in additional authoritarian societies, NGOs might realize it
terribly troublesome to act severally and that they might not receive acknowledgment from
different political actors even after they square measure acting severally.

On the opposite hand, development and humanitarian relief NGOs would like
substantial resources, to run their operational programs, therefore most of them pronto settle
for official funds. It’s so vital for the organization to possess transparency in its operations and
goals so its relationship.

1.2 Problem Statement


 Lacks of funds
 Inadequate Trained Personnel
 Inequality in rural areas

1.3 Existing System


The existing system provides the basic functionalities which have to be handled in a Non-
governmental organization management system. In the existing system all the Ngoc’s
availability details, donor details ,billings are maintained
Manually by the administrator of the Ngo. There is a search technique to check donors
information. It is not much difficult task to maintain the records by using this existing system.
This is the main advantage of the existing system. In some of the Ngoc’s the data and the
records are stored manually in the form of papers.

1.4 Objective of the Work


 To promote environmental sustainability through education and community
participation.
 To build the capacity of member organizations and the secretariat.
 To conduct research on environmental issues
 To facilitate interaction and cooperation with the national and international agencies
 To promote community development and sustainable use of natural resources’

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 To ensure adherence to environmental treaties and conventions through policy
advocacy

1.5 Proposed System with Methodology


We will create use of C language as a software package tool for the event of this application
• Platform Independence: This feature helps to run our software package on varied in operation
systems.
• Safe and Secure: This security feature helps in confining our software package to the
atmosphere and not permitting it to access the opposite components of pc.
• Object Oriented: This feature permits North American nation to style our software package
from any blank state. This feature of C makes it straightforward and straightforward to increase
our software package.
• Faster response: It provides fast response throughout compilation.

1.6 Feasibility study


After the analysis of the necessity from the planned system and specification of the planned
system a feasibleness study of the projected system is conducted. The feasibleness study is
finished to search out whether or not the system is useful to user and organization or not. The
feasibleness study is dispensed to pick out the simplest system that meets performance needs.
The feasibleness study includes the investigation of the data wants of the tip user and
objectives, constraints, basic resource demand and price advantages. The most and prime
objective of feasibleness study isn't to resolve the matter, however to amass a way of its scope.
Supported this the feasibleness of the planned system is evaluated in terms of following major
categories:

Economical feasibility
The project needs Associate in Nursing economical browser and needed tools to run the project
that area unit offered terribly simply. Today inbuilt NIC area unit offered on systems so no
further quantity is needed to buy them. So our project is economically possible.

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Operational feasibility

It is operational possible as a result of it doesn't have an effect on alternative applications


running on system. Not solely this, however network traffic is additionally not affected thus
badly. It needs its installation on each system on the network.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Review Summary

In India and abroad, several studies have been made on Non Government organizations
working in urban as well as rural areas. Much of the literature on these organizations in Indian
settings has come from traditional social work. –

Although the poor have willingness to overcome their ill-being, they are not able to do it by
using their own resources. There are so many factors that trap the poor until they are in
powerless conditions, such as diseases, climate stress, environmental degradation, physical
isolation, and also extreme poverty itself. Essentially, the poor must be helped to exit from the
poverty trap. If it can be reached, there will be an opportunity to get a first foothold on the
ladder of development. In helping the poor to climb out of poverty, NGOs use two approaches:
supplyside and demand-side (Clark, 1995).

Fowler (1997) identifies two types of NGO tasks: micro-tasks and macro-tasks. From the
supply-side or micro-tasks approach, NGOs provide various basic public services to the poor.
It is argued that especially in countries where government lack public services, NGOs play a
significant role in the direct provision of social and economic services. In general, NGOs
emerge and play the roles as service providers.

NGOs or Voluntary Organizations are not a new phenomenon and the concept of voluntary
action is very ancient. According to Inamdar (1987), “During ancient and medieval times,
voluntarism operated freely and exclusively in the fields of education, medicine, cultural
promotion and even acted as succour in crises like droughts, floods, epidemics and foreign
invasions”. Michael Banton‟s essay (1957) viewed that “Voluntary Associations become more
common and significant as societies advance in technology, complexity and scale and these
associations function as a means of organizing people in order to achieve new ends, such as

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the raising of capital, the regulation of prices and the provision of extra labour” (Stefanovic et
al., 2010).

Shalini Mehta (1980) has found that these organizations working more effectively in the field
of education rather than the Government department, where as in the case of health, both
Voluntary and Government Organizations failed.

K.A. Suresh‟s (1990) found that NGOs are not working as participatory organizations to the
extent desired. The rates of participation of beneficiaries and institutional arrangements for
participation are found to be very low. The beneficiaries are also found to be not keen in getting
represented in decision making bodies and planning process.

Vanitha Vishwanath‟s (1993) evaluates and compares the role of two NGOs i.e., Integrated
Development Service and Gram Vikas in promoting women development. She found that
Gram Vikas is working more effectively than Integrated Development Service. This is because
that Gram Vikas programmes are designed in such a way that they yield quick results and are
sensitive to the immediate needs of the people.

Vijay Mahajan (1994) made an attempt to examine the role of NGOs and training institutions
in DWCRA programme. His study emphasizes that there is a need for the NGOs and training
institutions to make DWCRA programme more effective.

Roger C. Riddel and Mark Robinson (1995) found that NGO projects were successful and
effective in improving the social status of the poor; however, not all the projects were
successful in reaching the poor.

S. Mohanan (2000) points out that NGOs have been playing a very important role in the
country over the last quarter of the century in the sphere of social development. He opines that
NGOs are a powerful tool in poverty alleviation and development. He considers that “The role
of NGOs is more significant and pronounced in the sphere of micro credit. The rich experience
of NGOs in the sphere of credit union and their grass root level involvement with the poor and
their problems is a potential factor that affirms their elevated role in the sphere of micro credit”
(ibid : 22-23). He believes that “NGOs will have a more elevated role in micro credit and
through it the empowerment of women in days to come” (ibid: 28).

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D.K. Gosh (2001) opines that attacking poverty and its reduction to an appreciable extent
seems to be not manageable only by the Government sector. He considers Government
Organizations need collaboration and co-operation from other than Government institutions
for creating opportunities, facilitating empowerment and providing security for the poor. He
prefers NGOs because they have greater accountability to the poor, as they work among the
poor, while the official system is yet to be totally pro-poor.

Desai (2005) has mentioned that NGOs have an important role to play in supporting women,
men and households, community groups, civil society groups and expected that they can meet
the welfare. M.

Gurulingaiah (2002) observed that the NGO has been organizing the women to form SHGs to
meet their felt needs and enable them to participate in planning and implementation of their
own developmental programmes. Besides, it has been conducting social and health awareness
campaigns to eliminate superstitious customs, attitude and thinking related to poverty and child
birth which are blocking the progress of tribal women.

M. Ramesh Singh (2004) concluded that NGOs are playing active role in development
activities in the fields of education, health and sanitation, women and children to improve the
quality of life.

Pradeep Kumar (2005) noticed that there is an urgent need that Government Organizations and
NGOs act in collaboration for rural development.

F.A Kuponiyi and A. A. Ladele (2007) explored that NGOs are very reliable in effective
adaptation and transfer of technology to farmers, delivery of agricultural support services and
effective vehicles for alleviating rural poverty. He concluded that the NGOs need more donor
assistance to enable them expand the scope of their operations.

Nair (2011) highlights the potential for collaboration when NGOs remain in predefined roles
of service provision, but the generation of conflict when NGOs step outside these to question
government policies. While collaboration and strong linkages with national governments
assists programme sustainability (Barr et al 2005; Rosenberg et al 2008), where interests of the
state and NGOs increasingly coincide, this runs the risk of pushing out the interests of those
they are both responsible to, the poor (White 1999).

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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

3.1 Hardware requirements

1. Processor: Intel Pentium or Higher

2. RAM: 512 or Higher Ram

3. Hard Disk: 20 mb of memory space

4. Display: 39 cm RGB Screen

3.2 Software requirements

1. Operating System: Windows XP or Higher Version


2. Front End: Turbo C++ or Code Block
3. Backend: Data Structure
4. Language Used: C Programming Language
5. Documentation: MS Word 2016
6. Text Editor: Notepad++

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CHAPTER 4

MODULE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Module1
 Login :
This module deals storing the details of login of admin and customer such as username
and password.
4.2 Module2
 Generate id for ngo
This module deals with generating ngo id for customer who comes to surf the data,
Using which the customers data can be viewed and edited.
4.3 Module3
 Add new ngo details
This module allows the admin to add new ngo details by giving all the concerned details
like name , date of birth, phone number and address.
4.4 Module4
 Delete ngo details
This module allows the admin to delete ngo details by giving all the concerned details
like name , date of birth, phone number and address.

4.5 Module5
 Update ngo
This module deals with updating the card by adding the extra amount or adding the
time .

4.6 Module6
 ngo
This module deals with updating the card by adding the extra amount or adding the
time .

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4.7 Module7
 Bill
This module deals with printing the bill after the check in and checkout of customer.

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CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 DFD Diagrams

Record
Management

Customer Managemen Login


Management t Management

Time Management

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5.2 Data Base Design

Table 1: Users

FieldName Datatype Description Allow Nulls

User_id varchar(10) Code given for the client Not null

Password varchar(30) Password given to the client Yes

Confirmpass Int ID of the Package opted by client Yes

User_Name varchar(30) Name of the client Yes

Table 2: Usage Details

Field Name Datatype Description AllowNulls

User_id varchar(50) Code given for the client Not null

Add new Datetime New ngo data Yes

Update dateTime Update ngo data Yes

delete varchar(50) Delete ngo data Yes

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Table 3:bill Details

Field Name Datatype Description AllowNulls

Bill_id Int Bill Number Not null

User_Code varchar(20) Code given for the client Yes

User_Type varchar(20) Type of the user Yes

Date Datetime Date of Billing Yes

Fund Float Amount for paying charges Yes

CHAPTER 6
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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<windows.h>
int i,j;
int main_exit;
void menu();
struct date{
int month,day,year;

};
struct {

char name[60];
int acc_no,age;
char address[60];
char citizenship[15];
double phone;
char acc_type[10];
float amt;
struct date dob;
struct date deposit;
struct date withdraw;

}add,upd,check,rem,transaction;

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float interest(float t,float amount,int rate)


{
float SI;
SI=(rate*t*amount)/100.0;
return (SI);

}
void fordelay(int j)
{ int i,k;
for(i=0;i<j;i++)
k=i;
}

void new_acc()

{
int choice;
FILE *ptr;

ptr=fopen("record.dat","a+");
account_no:
system("cls");
printf("\t\t\t\xB2\xB2\xB2\ ADD RECORD \xB2\xB2\xB2\xB2");
printf("\n\n\nEnter today's date(mm/dd/yyyy):");

scanf("%d/%d/%d",&add.deposit.month,&add.deposit.day,&add.deposit.
year);

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printf("\nEnter the account number:");
scanf("%d",&check.acc_no);
while(fscanf(ptr,"%d %s %d/%d/%d %d %s %s %lf %s %f
%d/%d/%d\n",&add.acc_no,add.name,&add.dob.month,&add.dob.day,&
add.dob.year,&add.age,add.address,add.citizenship,&add.phone,add.acc_t
ype,&add.amt,&add.deposit.month,&add.deposit.day,&add.deposit.year)!
=EOF)
{
if (check.acc_no==add.acc_no)
{printf("Account no. already in use!");
fordelay(1000000000);
goto account_no;

}
}
add.acc_no=check.acc_no;
printf("\nEnter the name:");
scanf("%s",add.name);
printf("\nEnter the date of birth(mm/dd/yyyy):");
scanf("%d/%d/%d",&add.dob.month,&add.dob.day,&add.dob.year);
printf("\nEnter the age:");
scanf("%d",&add.age);
printf("\nEnter the address:");
scanf("%s",add.address);
printf("\nEnter the NGO Reg No:");
scanf("%s",add.citizenship);
printf("\nEnter the phone number: ");
scanf("%lf",&add.phone);

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printf("\nEnter the amount to deposit:$");
scanf("%f",&add.amt);
printf("\nType of account:\n\t#Saving\n\t#Current\n\t#Fixed1(for 1
year)\n\t#Fixed2(for 2 years)\n\t#Fixed3(for 3 years)\n\n\tEnter your
choice:");
scanf("%s",add.acc_type);

fprintf(ptr,"%d %s %d/%d/%d %d %s %s %lf %s %f


%d/%d/%d\n",add.acc_no,add.name,add.dob.month,add.dob.day,add.dob
.year,add.age,add.address,add.citizenship,add.phone,add.acc_type,add.amt
,add.deposit.month,add.deposit.day,add.deposit.year);

fclose(ptr);
printf("\nAccount created successfully!");
add_invalid:
printf("\n\n\n\t\tEnter 1 to go to the main menu and 0 to exit:");
scanf("%d",&main_exit);
system("cls");
if (main_exit==1)
menu();
else if(main_exit==0)
close();
else
{
printf("\nInvalid!\a");
goto add_invalid;
}

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}
void view_list()
{
FILE *view;
view=fopen("record.dat","r");
int test=0;
system("cls");
printf("\nACC. NO.\tNAME\t\t\tADDRESS\t\t\tPHONE\n");

while(fscanf(view,"%d %s %d/%d/%d %d %s %s %lf %s %f


%d/%d/%d",&add.acc_no,add.name,&add.dob.month,&add.dob.day,&a
dd.dob.year,&add.age,add.address,add.citizenship,&add.phone,add.acc_ty
pe,&add.amt,&add.deposit.month,&add.deposit.day,&add.deposit.year)!=
EOF)
{
printf("\n%6d\t
%10s\t\t\t%10s\t\t%.0lf",add.acc_no,add.name,add.address,add.phone);
test++;
}

fclose(view);
if (test==0)
{ system("cls");
printf("\nNO RECORDS!!\n");}

view_list_invalid:
printf("\n\nEnter 1 to go to the main menu and 0 to exit:");
scanf("%d",&main_exit);

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system("cls");
if (main_exit==1)
menu();
else if(main_exit==0)
close();
else
{
printf("\nInvalid!\a");
goto view_list_invalid;
}
}
void edit(void)
{
int choice,test=0;
FILE *old,*newrec;
old=fopen("record.dat","r");
newrec=fopen("new.dat","w");

printf("\nEnter the account no. of the customer whose info you want to
change:");
}

6.2 Screen Shots

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Login data

Login page

add new record

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Update the changes

For transactions

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Update the details of ngo

Exit the application

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CHAPTER 7

SYSTEM TESTING

7.1 System testing

We can find error by testing. If we want to make our software error free then testing is
very essential step. Until we test our software by different test processes, we cannot say the
software is right or wrong.

Characteristics of good test:

 High probability of finding errors


 Test should not very simple or very complicated.
 It should not be redundant

White-box Testing-

 Here internal program logic is checked.


 Then code of the program is checked.
 Then program flow is checked.

Black-box testing-

 Here functional requirement of the program is checked.


 Any function is missing or incorrect that will be checked.
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 Performance of the program is will be checked.

Unit Testing-

This is primitive level of testing. Here every part of program will be tested independently.

Integration Testing-

After integrating all modules if any error occurred or not that will be tested.

System Testing-

Recovery Testing- system fault will be checked.

Security Testing- checked improper or unauthorized access.

Stress Testing- It will be check how much abnormal quantity; frequency or volume software
can handle.

Performance testing-

Run time performance of the software is tested.

Why testing is important

Programming Testing is important on the grounds that we as a whole commit error. A


portion of those slip-ups are insignificant, however some of them are costly or perilous. We
have to check everything and anything we produce since things can generally turn out badly –
people commit errors constantly.

Since we accept that our work may have botches, subsequently we as a whole need to
check our own work. Anyway a few missteps originate from terrible presumptions and
vulnerable sides, so we may commit similar errors when we check our very own work as we
made when we did it. So we may not see the imperfections in what we have done.

In a perfect world, we ought to get another person to check our work in light of the fact
that someone else is bound to detect the defects.

There are a few reasons which unmistakably explains to us as why Software Testing is
significant and what are the real things that we ought to consider while testing of any item or
application.
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Programming testing is significant in view of the accompanying reasons:

Programming testing is truly required to call attention to the deformities and mistakes
that were made amid the advancement stages.

Model: Programmers may commit an error amid the usage of the product. There could
be numerous explanations behind this like absence of experience of the software engineer,
absence of information of the programming language, inadequate involvement in the space,
wrong usage of the calculation because of complex rationale or just human blunder.

It's basic since it ensures that the client finds the association solid and their fulfillment
in the application is kept up.

On the off chance that the client does not discover the testing association solid or isn't
happy with the nature of the deliverable, at that point they may change to a contender
association.

At times contracts may likewise incorporate financial punishments concerning the


timetable and nature of the item. In such cases, if legitimate programming testing may likewise
avoid money related misfortunes.

It is essential to guarantee the Quality of the item. Quality item conveyed to the clients
helps in picking up their certainty. (Find out about Software Quality)

As clarified in the past point, conveying great quality item on time manufactures the
clients trust in the group and the association.

Testing is essential so as to give the offices to the clients like the conveyance of
excellent item or programming application which requires lower upkeep cost and consequently
results into progressively exact, predictable and dependable outcomes.

Brilliant item ordinarily has less deformities and requires lesser upkeep exertion, which
thusly implies diminished expenses. Testing is required for a successful execution of
programming application or item.

It's critical to guarantee that the application ought not result into any disappointments
since it tends to be over the top expensive later on or in the later phases of the improvement.

Legitimate testing guarantees that bugs and issues are identified from the get-go in the

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existence cycle of the item or application.

In the event that deserts identified with necessities or configuration are distinguished
late in the life cycle, it tends to be over the top expensive to fix them since this may require
update, re-execution and retesting of the application. It's required to remain in the business.

Clients are not slanted to utilize programming that has bugs. They may not receive a
product on the off chance that they are not content with the solidness of the application.

If there should be an occurrence of an item association or startup which has just a single
item, low quality of programming may result in absence of reception of the item and this may
result in misfortunes which the business may not recoup from.

7. Test cases
7.1 Test Cases

Page Log-In Form

Action Logs-in Admin

Result Displays a message box when Log-In


is unsuccessfull

Page Add customer details

Action Adds new customer

Result Displays a message box

Page RegisterForm

Action Takes in customer Details

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Result Displays a message if fields are


Empty

Page Generate id Form

Action Admin Confirms the booking of a


Customer id

Result Displays a message box


.

Page Contact Us Form

Action Takes in details of guest to provide


help as well as to subscribe for news
letter

Result Displays a message if field is empty


and if email ID isnot in given
Format.

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CHAPTER 8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

8.1Conclusion

An NGO is a non-governmental organization that is driven and task-


o r i e n t e d b yindividuals with one common interest. Most of the NGOs are usually
structured around specificissues like health, human rights or environment. An NGO
provides expertise and analysis andthus assists in monitoring international
agreements.NGOs are very important since they offer an organization for local
communication,action and also distributing resources when there are no existing local
organizations.
In fact, anNGO provides a mechanism that could possibly work where the
government has failed. As aresult, it supports grass roots initiatives as well as recognizing
and responding to the realities ofthe local people.Next, cheaper to implement. Since
NGOs are actual non-profit organizations, variousprojects can be achieved without
having to use the government’s money. This is because thereare many private donors who
support the NGOs and this means that there will never be a lack ofresources.
Additionally, NGOs provide a good alternative to creating mass access
structures.These mass access structures are extremely cumbersome, unreliable and
costly.Another major advantage of NGOs is that they have the capability of
communicating at alllevels. This means that they can easily interact with the local people
and relay their messages totop levels of the government. They are also capable of
recruiting highly motivated staff andexperts with lesser restrictions than employees
working for the government. NGOs are flexible in becoming accustomed to local
conditions and responding to thelocal needs.
For that reason, they can experiment freely with new approaches and take risks
ifnecessary. They can develop integrated projects to help the local people.The major
shortcoming of NGOs is the overdependence on private financial resources,especially
when the donors fail to make their donations

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8.2 Limitations

During the development of the project there were certain obstacles which we faced.

Prominent ones being were:

 At first, the use-cases were somehow difficult to implement as we had to


deal with the RMI concept. On the other hand, lots of pieces of the
architecture were then reusable as business objects in the model, act the
same way in a major part.
 Finally, to implement reusable and efficient distributed application is a real
difficult task.
 Interaction and patching between different modules
 Integration among different modules.

8.3 Future Enhancements

A large number of NGOs are now involved in microfinance and more are making the move
towards it; some even converting their finance operations to banks. This project examines
some of the motivations for this change and raises questions about the trade offs involved. And
also suggests that when credit systems air to be financially sustainable there is a strong bias to
engage in credit only.

Credit‐only approaches which adhere to sustainability criteria often miss the very poor. And
as for those who are reached by micro loans, without other inputs than credit, many of these
borrowers have difficulty making productive use of the loans; the result of lack of absorptive
capacity, lack of confidence, lack of knowledge. NGOs who shift into sustainable credit
programs may be losing their real competitive advantage in the world of development—their
capacity to reach the very poorest and engage in a variety of activities that help people change,
but which cannot necessarily be financially supported by the recipient of the assistance.

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CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES

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NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION 1N18MCA27

9.1Text Reference
[1] “Herbert Schildt: C++ the complete Referance, 4th edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
2007
[2] William Stalling, “Operating System – Internal and Design principle” Pearson
6th edition 2012
[3] “Programming in Ansi C” E Balagurusamy

9.2Web Reference
[1] https://www.wikipedia.org/
[2] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm

Department of MCA, NHCE 2018-2019 31

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