2 marks Answers

June-2016

1. Define Modem

Ans: - A modem is a communication device that converts binary signal into analog acoustic signals
for transmission over telephone lines and converts these acoustics signals back into binary form
at the receiving end.

2. State the use of Bluetooth?

Ans: - several uses of Bluetooth

● It is used for providing communication between peripheral devices like wireless mouse
or keyboard with the computer.
● It also enables a mobile computer to connect to a fixed LAN.
● It is used for cordless telephoning to connect a handset and its local base station.
● Bluetooth uses omnidirectional radio waves that can through walls or
other non-metal barriers.
● It is used by modern communicating devices like mobile phone, PDAs, palmtops etc. to
transfer data rapidly.

3. What is purpose of switching concept?

Ans: - ​Switches may operate at one or more layers of the ​Osi Model​, including the data link and network
layers. It possible to connect different types of network including ​Ethernet​, ​Fibre Channel​, ​Rapid
IO​, ​ATM​. It ​connects devices together on a ​computer network​, by using ​packet switching​ ​to receive,
process and forward data to the destination device.

4. What is meant by flow control?

Ans: - Flow Control is a technique for speed-matching of transmitter and receiver. Flow control
ensures that a transmitting station does not overflow a receiving station with data.​ It provides a
mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed. Flow Control is one important design
issue for the Data Link Layer that controls the flow of data between sender and receiver.
 5. Define Piggybacking.

Ans: - ​Piggybacking is a bi-directional ​data transmission​ technique in the ​network layer​ (​OSI model​). It
makes the most of the sent data frames from receiver to emitter, adding the confirmation that the
data frame sent by the sender was received successfully.​ This is called as full-duplex transmission.

6. What is the difference in functionality between a bridge and a repeater?

Ans: -

A bridge
Bridges operate at the Data Link Layer of
the OSI model.
It is similarly to a repeater, except a bridge
looks to see whether data it receives is
destined for the same segment or another
connected segment.
A repeater
Repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of
the OSI model.
A repeater simply receives frames,
regenerates them, and passes them along.

7. What is principle of pure-ALOHA?

Ans: - The basic idea of pure-ALOHA system is that it allows its users to transmit whenever they have
data.​ If, while you are transmitting data, you receive any data from another station, there has been a
message collision. All transmitting stations will need to try resending "later".

8. What is the purpose of IEEE 802.11 standard?

Ans: - ​The IEEE for wireless LAN (WLAN) technology. 802.11 specifies an over-the-air interface between
a wireless client and a base station or between two wireless clients. ​ ​applies to wireless LANs and
provides 1 or 2 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band using either frequency hopping spread
spectrum (FHSS) or direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS).

9. Define FDDI.

Ans: - ​FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a set of ANSI and ISO standards for data transmission
on fiber optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can extend in range up to 200 km (124 miles).
The FDDI protocol is based on the token ring protocol.​ ​It can be used to interconnect LANs using
other protocols.

10. What is the purpose of B-channel and D-channel in ISDN?

Ans: - ​B-channels ​carry payloads (e.g., data or voice streams). In BRI connection consists of​ 64 Kbps
B-channels. In PRI connection consists of 23 B-channels whereas ​D-channels​ ​carry control and
signaling information. In BRI connection consists of 16Kps D-channels. In PRI connection consists of 1
D-channel.
 11. What is repeater?

Ans: - ​ ​A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in transmission
systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. Analog repeaters
frequently can only amplify the signal while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its
original quality.

12. Define MHS.

Ans: - Message handling systems (MHS systems) are systems for people to send messages to each other.
The table below gives an overview of some major categories of MHS systems:
All participants are active at Different participants can read
the same time. and write at different
times.

Non-computer equivalent Face-to-face meeting, Letter, newspaper.

Two or very few participants.
Communication within groups
of people.
telephone call.
Simple chat systems, instant Ordinary e-mail.
messaging systems.
More advanced chat systems. E-mail with mailing lists.
Usenet News, forum
systems.

13. What is data compression?

Ans: - ​Data compression is particularly useful in communications​ ​because it enables devices to transmit or
store the same amount of data in fewer bits. There are a variety of data compression techniques, but
only a few have been standardized. Data compression is also widely used in backup utilities,
spreadsheet applications, and database management systems​.​ Certain types of data, such
as bit-mapped graphics, can be compressed to a small fraction of their normal size.

14. Name the issues involved in presentation layer.

Ans: - Addressing, Error control, Flow control, Multiplexing, Demultiplexing, Routing are the issues
involved in presentation layer.

15. Define bridges.

Ans: ​- A bridge reads the outermost section of data on the data packet, to tell where the message is
going. It reduces the traffic on other network segments, since it does not send all packets. Bridges
can be programmed to reject packets from particular networks. Bridges do not normally allow
connection of networks with different architectures. Bridges forward all broadcast messages.