DESI

GNOFLOW POWERMULTIPLI
ERUSI
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NG

[
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DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

1.I
NTRODUCTI
ON
1.
1Sy
nopsi
s
Multipli
cati
oni soneoft heessent i
aloperationsinDigit
alSignalProcessing( DSP)
applicati
ons like FastFour ierTransform ( FFT),Digi
talf i
lt
ers etc.Desi gn of
multipli
erisdone,consi deri
ngt het r
adeoffsbetweenl owpowerandhi ghspeed.
TheBr aun’
smul t
ipli
erisoneoft heparallelarraymul t
ipl
ierwhichi susedf or
unsignednumber smul t
ipl
icati
on.Thedy nami cpoweranddel ayoft heBr aun
multipli
ercanber educedbyusi ngt heby passingtechniquesi.e.1-dimensional
and 2- dimensionalby passing.Thi s paperpr esents a compar ativ
e st udy of
di
fferentby passi
ngmul t
ipl
iersonbasi sofar ea,poweranddel ayfor4x4, 8x8and
16x16bi tsinFPGASpar tan–3Eusi ngXil
inx12. 4ISEtoolandSy nopsys.

BLOCKDI
AGRAM :

I
MPLEMENTATI
ON:Si
mul
ati
on and Sy
nthesi
sis done usi
ng CADENCE I
US
(
Insensi
veUni
fi
edSi
mul
ati
on)Tool
.

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1.
2ABSTARCT

Si
gnal
processi
ngcomput
ati
onsl
i
keFastFour
ierTr
ansf
ormsi
nvol
vedst
agesof
mul
ti
pli
cat
ion.Ther
efor
eiti
snecessar
yforaDSPsy
stem ofmoder
nwor
ldi
sinneed
ofal
owpowermul
ti
pli
ersf
ort
her
educt
ionoft
hepowerwhi
chi
sdi
ssi
pat
ed.Thi
s
papermai
nlyf
ocusesoni
mpl
ement
ingt
heLowpowerMul
ti
pli
erwi
thBr
aun
Ar
chi
tect
ure.Thepowerr
educt
ioni
smai
nlyachi
evedbyar
chi
tect
ureopt
imi
zat
ion.

Ther
eisaneedf
orl
owpowerdesi
gni
nmoder
nel
ect
roni
csequi
pmenti
nor
dert
o
meett
hebet
terr
eli
abi
l
ity
.Usual
l
ylowpowerdesi
gni
nvol
vesi
ntwot
askst
obe
comput
edt
heyar
ePowerest
imat
ionandanal
ysi
s,powermi
nimi
zat
ion

1.
3INTRODUCTI
ONTOMULTI
PLI
ERS

Bi
nar
ymul
ti
pli
cat
ionconsi
stsoft
hreebasi
cst
eps:
(i)Gener
ati
onofpar
ti
alpr
oduct
s
(
PP)
.(i
i
)Reduct
ionofpar
ti
alpr
oduct
s.(
ii
i)Car
rypr
opagat
ionaddi
ti
on(
CPA)
.Dur
ing
t
heper
for
manceofmul
ti
pli
cat
ionar
eaandpowerconsumpt
ioni
sofmaj
orconcer
n
i
nVLSIsy
stem desi
gn.I
nacomput
ingsy
stem mul
ti
pli
ersusual
l
yoccupi
esl
arge
ar
ea,
longl
atencyandt
heyt
endt
oconsumel
argeamountofpower
.Thi
spaper
f
ocusesi
nther
educt
ionoft
hepowerconsumedbyt
hemul
ti
pli
erbyusi
ngby
pass
mul
ti
pli
ers.Themai
nchar
act
eri
sti
csf
eat
uresofby
passmul
ti
pli
eri
sthatt
he
swi
tchi
ngact
ivi
tydependsont
hebi
tcoef
fi
cient
.Ift
hebi
tcoef
fi
cienti
szer
o,t
he
cor
respondi
ngr
owandcol
umnwi
l
lnotbeact
ivat
ed,
asar
esul
tthepoweri
sreduced.
I
fthemul
ti
pli
candbi
tcont
ainsl
argenumberof1sand0shi
ghpowerr
educt
ioni
s
achi
eved

1.
2NEEDFORLOW POWERDESI
GN

Ther
eisaneedf
orl
owpowerdesi
gni
nmoder
nel
ect
roni
csequi
pmenti
nor
dert
o
meett
hebet
terr
eli
abi
l
ity
.Usual
l
ylowpowerdesi
gni
nvol
vesi
ntwot
askst
obe
comput
edt
heyar
ePowerest
imat
ionandanal
ysi
s,powermi
nimi
zat
ion.Theset
asks
hast
obef
oll
owedsomedesi
gnhi
erar
chy
.Iti
nvol
vesi
nbehav
ior
al,
archi
tect
ural
,
l
ogi
c,ci
rcui
tandphy
sical
lev
els.Recentsur
veyst
atedt
hatast
het
ransi
stor
s
i
ncr
eases(
Moor
e’sLaw)t
hepowerconsumpt
ionsal
soi
ncr
easessoi
tisnecessar
y

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f
oral
owpowerdesi
gni
nDSPsy
stems.

2.BASI
CINFORMATI
ONABOUTMULTI
PLI
ERS

2.
1BRAUNARCHI
TECTURE

ABr
aunmul
ti
pli
eri
sam xnpar
all
elmul
ti
pli
er.I
tisal
soknownascar
rysav
e
mul
ti
pli
er.I
thasm xnANDgat
es.Thear
chi
tect
ureof4x4Br
aunMul
ti
pli
erar
ray
consi
stsof(
n-1)r
owsofcar
rysav
eadder
s,i
nthateachr
owhas(
n-1)f
ull
adder
s,t
he
l
astr
owcont
ainsr
ippl
eadderf
ort
hepr
opagat
ionofcar
ry.

FI
GURE1:
4*4BRAUNMULTI
PLI
ER

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FI
GURE2:
INTERNALSTRUCTUREOFBRAUNMULTI
PLI
ER

2.
2LOW POWERDESI
GNUSI
NGROW BYPASSI
NGMULTI
PLI
ER

I
ncaseofaddi ngthezer opar
ti
alpr oduct
spr oducedbymul tipli
cat
ionitleadsto
unnecessar
yt ransi
ti
on ofthe signal.Theref
orei tis necessar yto by
pass the
addi
tionsbydisabli
ngtheadder
s.Rowby passi
ngaddercel li
sgi venbel
owi nthatif
thejthbi
tofbi s0,thenthecor
respondingjthrowoft headderi snotacti
vated,t
he
part
ialpr
oductis0.

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FI
GURE3:
ADDERCELL

TheRowby
passaddercel
lconsi
stsof(
n-1)
×(n-
1)f
ull
adder
s,2×(
n-1)
×(n-
1)
mul
ti
plexer
s,and3×(
n-1)
×(n-
1)t
hreest
ategat
es.
Ift
hecel
lencount
ersanyoft
he
zer
opar
ti
alpr
oductt
headdercel
ldi
sabl
etheunwant
edt
ransi
ti
onsandby
pass
t
hei
nput
stot
heout
put
s.Thet
womul
ti
plexer
satt
heout
putst
agei
nvol
ved
t
ransmi
tt
ingi
nputsum andcar
rybi
tsoft
hepr
evi
ousaddi
ti
ont
oout
put
.The
t
ri
stat
ebuf
fer
sar
eusedt
odi
sabl
etheunwant
edt
ransi
ti
onst
otheadder
sift
hey
ar
eby
passed.I
tsmai
nlyi
nvol
vedi
npassi
ngt
hei
nputsum andcar
rybi
ts
downwar
ds.

Byr
educi
ngt
heswi
tchi
ngact
ivi
tyoft
hel
ogi
cci
rcui
tthepowerconsumpt
ionwi
l
l
al
sober
educed.Thust
heoper
ati
onatj
thr
owi
sby
passedsucht
hatt
heout
put
f
rom t
he(
j-
i)
thr
owi
str
ansf
ormedt
o(j
+1)
thr
ow,
themul
ti
pli
cat
ionout
puti
snot
af
fect
ed.Thedesi
gnhast
hreet
ri
sat
ebuf
fer
sandt
wo2x1mul
ti
plexer
ssot
hati
f
anyoft
her
ight
mostFul
ladder
srowsar
eby
passed,
theaddi
ti
onal
cir
cui
tsar
e

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addedt
ogett
hemul
ti
pli
cat
ionr
esul
ts.

FI
GURE4:
4*4BRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW BYPASSI
NG

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mul
ti
pli
cand111a(
i)

mul
ti
pli
er101b(
J)

-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--

111(
J-1)t
hrow

000Jt
hrow

111(
J+1)t
hrow

-
--
--
--
--
--
--
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--
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--

100011

-
--
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--
--
-

Themaj
ordr
awbacki
sthati
tneedssomecor
rect
ioni
ntheci
rcui
tr
ywhi
chi
n
t
ri
angl
e.Thi
smakest
hest
ruct
ureoft
hef
ull
addermor
ecompl
ex.Sot
he
dr
awbacki
srepl
acedbyt
hecol
umnby
passi
ngmul
ti
pli
erwhi
chhasamodi
fi
ed
mul
ti
pli
erar
raydesi
gn.I
thasonl
ytwot
ri
sat
ebuf
fer
sandone2x1mul
ti
plexer
.

2.
3LOW POWERDESI
GNUSI
NGCOLUMNBYPASSI
NGMULTI
PLI
ER

I
ncol
umnbypassi
ngmul
ti
pli
eri
fthebi
tai
int
hemul
ti
pli
candi
s0any
wher
ethe
ent
ir
e(i
+1)
thcol
umnwi
l
lbedi
sabl
ed.Thust
heout
putcar
rymustbegi
vent
othe
mul
ti
plexert
opr
oducet
hecor
rectout
put
.TheANDgat
eisusedatt
heout
putoft
he
l
astst
age.TheCol
umnby
passi
ngaddercel
li
sshown.I
nthatt
heunwant
ed
t
ransi
ti
onsar
eby
passed,
thesum i
nputbi
tsar
epasseddownwar
ds.WhenPPsar
e

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zer
o,Car
ryadderdi
sabl
est
heunwant
edt
ransi
ti
onsandby
passt
hei
nputt
othe
out
put
.

FI
GURE5:
ADDERCELL

Themodi
fi
edf
ulladderci
rcui
tr
yissi
mpl
ert
hant
hatofr
ow by
passi
ngmul
ti
plexer
.
Themul
ti
pli
erdesi
ngconsi
stsof(
n-1)
*(n-
1)f
ulladder
s(n-
1)*
(n-
1)mul
ti
plexer
s,and
2*
(n-
1)*
(n-
1)t
hreest
ategat
es.

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FI
GURE6:
4*4BRAUNARCHI
TECTUREUSI
NGCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

mult
ipli
cand101a( i)
mult
ipli
er111b( J)
-
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
101
101
101
-
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
100011

2.
4COMPARI
SONOFROW ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NGMULTI
PLI
ERS

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3.BASI
CCI
RCUI
TSFORI
MPLEMENTATI
ON
3.
1:FULLADDER

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FI
GURE7:
LOGI
CDI
AGRAM OFFULLADDER

FI
GURE8:
SCHEMATI
CSYMBOLOFA1BUTFULLADDER

A 
ful
ladder
 addsbi
nar
ynumber
sandaccount
sforv
aluescar
ri
edi
naswel
lasout
.A

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one-
bit f
ull
-adder adds t
hree one-
bit number
s, of
ten wr
it
ten as 
A, 
B,
and 
Cin;
 
Aand 
B ar
etheoper
ands,and 
Cin 
i
sabi
tcar
ri
edi
nfr
om t
hepr
evi
ousl
ess-
si
gni
fi
cantst
age.
[2]
 Thef
ulladderi
susual
l
yacomponenti
nacascadeofadder
s,
whi
chadd8,16,32,et
c.bi
tbi
nar
ynumber
s.Theci
rcui
tpr
oducesat
wo-
bitout
put
.
Out
putcar
ryandsum t
ypi
cal
l
yrepr
esent
edbyt
hesi
gnal
s Cout
 and 
S,wher
ethesum
equal
s 2Cout
 + 
S.

Af
ulladdercan be i
mpl
ement
ed i
n many di
ff
erentway
s such as wi
tha
cust
om 
tr
ansi
stor
-l
evel ci
rcui
t or composed of ot
her gat
es. One exampl
e
i
mpl
ement
ati
oni
swi
th 
S = 
A ⊕ B 
⊕ Ci
n and 
Cout
 =(
A ⋅B)+(
Cin 
⋅(A 
⊕ B)
).

I
nthi
simpl
ement
ati
on,
thef
inal
 
ORgat
e bef
oret
hecar
ry-
outout
putmayber
epl
aced
byan 
XORgat
e wi
thoutal
ter
ingt
her
esul
ti
ngl
ogi
c.Usi
ngonl
ytwot
ypesofgat
esi
s
conv
eni
enti
ftheci
rcui
tisbei
ngi
mpl
ement
edusi
ngsi
mpl
e i
ntegr
atedci
rcui
t 
chi
ps
whi
chcont
ainonl
yonegat
ety
peperchi
p.

Af
ulladdercanal
sobeconst
ruct
edf
rom t
wohal
fadder
sbyconnect
ing 
A and 
B t
o
t
hei
nputofonehal
fadder
,thent
aki
ngi
tssum-
out
put
 S 
asoneoft
hei
nput
stot
he
secondhal
fadderand 
Cin 
asi
tsot
heri
nput
,andf
inal
l
ythecar
ryout
put
sfr
om t
he
t
wohal
f-
adder
sar
econnect
edt
oanORgat
e.Thesum-
out
putf
rom t
hesecondhal
f
adderi
sthef
inalsum out
put(
S)oft
hef
ulladderandt
heout
putf
rom t
heORgat
eis
t
hef
inalcar
ryout
put(
Cout
).Thecr
it
icalpat
hofaf
ulladderr
unst
hroughbot
hXOR
gat
esandendsatt
hesum bi
t 
s.Assumedt
hatanXORgat
etakes1del
ayst
o
compl
ete,
thedel
ayi
mposedbyt
hecr
it
ical
pat
hofaf
ull
adderi
sequal
to

{
\di
spl
ayst
yleT_
{\t
ext
{FA}
}=2\
cdotT_
{\t
ext
{XOR}
}=2D.
}

Thecr
it
icalpat
hofacar
ryr
unst
hroughoneXORgat
einadderandt
hrough2gat
es
(
AND andOR)i
ncar
ry-
blockandt
her
efor
e,i
fAND orOR gat
est
ake1del
ayt
o
compl
ete,
hasadel
ayof

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TRUTHTABLEOFAFULLADDER

3.
2:2-
TO1-
MULTI
PLEXER

Amul
ti
plexer(
or 
mux)i
sacommondi
git
alci
rcui
tusedt
omi
xal
otofsi
gnal
sint
o
j
ustone.I
fyouwantmul
ti
plesour
cesofdat
atoshar
easi
ngl
e,commondat
ali
ne,

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y
ou’
duseamul
ti
plexert
orunt
hem i
ntot
hatl
i
ne.Mul
ti
plexer
scomei
nal
lsor
tsof
shapesandsi
zes,
butt
hey
’real
lmadeoutofl
ogi
cgat
es.

Ev
erymul
ti
plexerhasatl
eastonesel
ectl
i
ne,whi
chi
susedt
osel
ectwhi
chi
nput
si
gnalget
srel
ayedt
otheout
put
.Ina2-
to-
1mul
ti
plexer
,ther
e’sj
ustonesel
ectl
i
ne.
Mor
einput
smeansmor
esel
ectl
i
nes:a4-
to-
1mul
ti
plexerwoul
dhav
e2sel
ectl
i
nes,
an8-
to-
1has3,
andsoon(
2n 
i
nput
srequi
res 
n sel
ectl
i
nes)
.

Thi
nkofamuxasa"
digi
talswi
tch"
.Thesel
ectl
i
nei
sthet
hrow ont
heswi
tch,i
t
chooseswhi
choft
hemanyi
nput
sgett
obet
heout
put
.

Her
e’showy
oumi
ghtmakea2-
to-
1mul
ti
plexeroutofl
ogi
cgat
es.AandBar
ethe
t
woi
nput
s,Xi
sthesel
ecti
nput
,andYi
stheout
put
.

Fi
gur
e9:
2-1Mul
ti
plexerCi
rcui
t

Her
e'swhatat
rut
htabl
ewoul
dlookl
i
kef
orsuchaci
rcui
t:
Sel
ectI
nput I
nput I
nput Out
put
(X) A B Y

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mentofECE, ge14
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 1

TRUTHTABLEOFAMULTI
PLEXER

4.TOOLUSEDFORI
MPLEMENTATI
ON

4.
1:CADENCENCNATI
VECODE(VERI
LOGSI
MULATOR)

TheCadenceNCVer
il
ogsi
mul
atori
susedf
orsi
mul
ati
onwi
tht
heaccur
acy
,duct
il
it
y
&debuggi
ngcapabi
l
iti
esofev
ent
-dr
ivensi
mul
ati
on&odd-
dri
vensi
mul
ati
on.TheNC-
Ver
il
ogsi
mul
atori
sest
abl
i
shedonCadence’
sInt
erl
eav
edNat
iveCompi
l
erCode
Ar
chi
tect
ure

4.
2:NATI
VECOMPI
LEDCODE

PROJECTI
MPLEMENTATI
ONBYUSI
NGCADENCETOOL:

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge15
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

TheNCC appr
oaches t
osi
mul
ati
onhassev
eraladv
ant
ages ov
eri
nter
pret
ed&
compi
l
edcodet
echni
ques:

I
mpr
oved t
hroughput
,because t
he i
nter
medi
atet
ransl
ati
on st
eps r
equi
red by
i
nter
pret
ed&compi
l
edcodesi
mul
ator
sar
eby
-passed.

Si
gni
fi
cant
lyr
educedt
imei
srequi
redi
nset
ti
ngupt
hesi
mul
ati
onr
unbczt
heuseof
t
he‘
C’Compi
l
eri
sav
oided.

Memor
yisef
fi
ci
ent
lyut
il
ized.NCCi
sthet
echni
quef
oropt
imaluset
hroughoutt
he
desi
gncy
cle.

I
tof
fer
sbot
hrapi
ddesi
gnchanget
urnar
ound,
whi
chi
scr
it
icali
nthedesi
gncy
cle,
&
combi
nat
ion off
astsi
mul
ati
on r
un t
ime wi
tht
he accur
acy off
ullf
unct
ional
si
mul
ati
on,
whi
chi
srequi
redl
ateri
nthepr
ocess.

4.
3:USI
NGNCLAUNCH

NCLaunchi
sgr
aphi
cal
useri
nter
facei
.ei
ntegr
atedi
ntoCadenceI
nterl
eav
edNat
ive
Compi
l
edAr
chi
tect
ure.NCLaunchcont
rol
slar
gedesi
gnpr
oject
sbyuni
fi
edv
iewof
f
il
es& l
i
brar
iesi
nthedesi
gn&bypr
oduce wi
thaneasy&consi
stentwayt
o
conf
igur
e&l
aunchCadencesi
mul
ati
ont
ool
sint
hedesi
gn.NC Launchpr
ovi
des
per
missi
ont
oaccessal
loft
ool
sthatneedt
orunasi
mul
ati
on.

Youcanut
il
ize NC Launchwi
th anyki
ndofNC si
mul
ator
.OnUNI
X,i
nvokeNC
Launchbywr
it
ingt
heNCl
aunchcommandi
nto acommandwi
ndowt
ermi
nal
.%NC
l
aunch&t
heNCLauncht
oolconsi
stsofasi
ngl
emaj
orwi
ndowwi
th2br
owser
sthat
ar
eint
egr
atedwi
tht
heNCt
ool
s.Twobr
owser
s di
spl
ays i
nfor
mat
ionst
oredi
n
di
rect
ori
es i
nawayt
heyi
nter
actwi
th.Thei
ntegr
atedt
ool
sar
ethecompi
l
ers(
NC
v
hdl& NC v
log)
,the el
abor
ator(
ncel
ab)
,& t
he si
mul
ator(
ncsi
m).NC Launch
i
ntegr
ates i
ncl
udes ot
herdebug t
ool
s,such as Si
m Vi
sion wav
efor
m v
iewer
,
Compar
e-scan&NCBr
owse& ut
il
it
ies,
suchasSDFcompi
l
er(
ncsdf
c),
& ncupdat
e.

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge16
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

NCLaunchi
ncl
udest
hef
oll
owi
ngcomponent
s:

Fi
l
eBr
owser

Thi
sabov
ebr
owser
,whi
char
isedont
hel
eft
-handsi
deof NC Launchwi
ndow,
di
spl
aysal
lthef
il
est
hatwi
l
lmaket
hedesi
gn.Now sel
ectt
hef
il
es& t
henexecut
e
commandsbysel
ect
ing commandf
rom apul
ldownmenu/
popupmenu/
bycl
i
cki
ng
onabut
tononTool
bar
.

4.
4:COMPI
LINGVERI
LOGSOURCEFI
LESWI
THNCVLOG

Af
terwr
it
ing/
edi
ti
ngVer
il
ogsour
cef
il
es,compi
l
ethem.Thecodet
hatused t
o
anal
yze&compi
l
eVer
il
ogsour
cei
ster
medncv
log.I
tisnotmandat
oryt
orecompi
l
e
t
heent
ir
e desi
gnwi
thhotf
ixr
eleasesoft
hebaser
elease.Forexampl
e,t
hedesi
gn
i
scompi
l
edwi
thI
US 5.
7,t
heni
tsnotmandat
oryt
orecompi
l
ethedesi
gnaf
ter
i
nst
all
i
nga5.
7hotf
ixr
elease,unl
esst
heRel
easeAl
ert wasnot
icedwemust
r
ecompi
l
e.Re-
elabor
ati
ng t
he ent
ir
e desi
gn wi
th ncel
ab i
s mandat
ory
.Ncv
log
per
for
ms sy
ntact
ic & st
ati
c semant
ic checki
ng on Ver
il
og HDL desi
gn uni
t.
I
nter
medi
ateobj
ect
sar
est
oredi
nthesi
ngl
epackedl
i
brar
ydat
abasef
il
eint
hewor
k
l
i
brar
ydi
rect
ory
.Insomeot
hercases,par
ti
cul
arl
yifwear
eappl
yi
ng conf
igur
ati
on
f
il
etocont
rolt
hebi
ndi
ngofi
nst
ancesdur
ingel
abor
ati
on,y
oumustut
il
ize -
use5x
opt
ion wheny
ouv
eri
fyt
heVer
il
ogsour
cef
il
es.Thi
sopt
ioncr
eat
es t
hepacked
l
i
brar
ydat
abasef
il
e,butal
socr
eat
esf
ullCadence l
i
brar
ysy
stem,i
nwhi
cht
he
i
nter
medi
ateobj
ect
sfordesi
gnuni
tar
est
oredi
nownsubdi
rect
ori
esundert
hewor
k
l
i
brar
y,&t
hreeot
herf
il
es:mast
er.Tag,
ver
il
og.
v,&pc.
db.Thef
ulll
i
brar
yst
ruct
ure&
t
headdi
ti
onalf
il
esmakei
tat
tai
nabl
efort
ool
sthatcan notunder
stand def
aul
t
packedl
i
brar
yst
ruct
uret
oaccesst
heobj
ect
sthatar
erequi
redbyt
het
ool
.

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge17
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

4.
5:POWERPLANNI
NGANDROUTI
NG

Powerpl
anni
ng&r
out
ingi
scomposedoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcomponent
s:

 Addi
ngt
hecor
eri
ng

 Addi
ngt
hebl
ockr
ings

 Addi
ngt
hest
ri
pest
othecor
ear
ea

 Addi
ngt
hest
ri
pesov
erbl
ockswi
thi
nthedesi
gn

 Addi
ngt
her
ingpi
ns

 Cr
eat
ingt
hepadr
ing

 Connect
ingt
hepadpi
ns

 Rout
ingt
hest
andar
dcel
lpi
ns

 Connect
ingt
hebl
ockpi
ns

 Connect
ingt
heunconnect
edst
ri
pe

 Rout
ingt
othepowerbumps

4.
6:FLOORPLANNI
NG

Fl
oorplandescr
ibesthesizeofcel
l
/dies.Itcr
eatest
heboundary&cor
ear
ea,f
or
pl
acementofst
andardcel
ls.I
tisaprocessofposi
ti
oni
ngbl
ocks/macr
osont
hedi
e.

Floorplanni
ngcont
rolspar
ametersl
ikeaspectrati
o,coreuti
li
zat
ionar
edefinedas
foll
owsAspectRat i
o equalto Hor
izontalRout
ing Resour
ces/Ver t
icalRouti
ng
Resources&CoreUtil
i
zati
onequalst
oSt andar
dCellArea/RowArea+Channel Ar
ea.

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge18
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

4.
7:PLACEMENT

Pl
acementi
sper
for
medi
nfouropt
imi
zat
ionasf
oll
ows:

1.I
nPr
e-pl
acementopt
imi
zat
ion

2.I
n--
placementopt
imi
zat
ion

3.Post
-Pl
acementOpt
imi
zat
ion.

4.I
ncl
ockt
reesy
nthesi
s.

5.PPOaf
tert
heCTS.

Pr
e-pl
acementOpt
imi
zat
ion mi
nimi
zes t
he net
li
stbef
oret
he use of
pl
acement
,HFNsar
evani
shed.I
tcandownsi
zet
hest
andar
dcel
l
s.I
n-pl
acement
opt
imi
zat
iont
her
ear
epossi
blet
ore-
opt
imi
zest
hel
ogi
cbasedonVR.I
tmai
nly
ef
for
ts f
orcel
lsi
zi
ng,cel
lmov
ing,cel
lby
passi
ng,netspl
i
tti
ng,gat
edupl
i
cat
ion,
buf
feri
nser
ti
on,& ar
ea r
ecov
ery
.Postpl
acementopt
imi
zat
ion bef
oret
he CTS
per
for
msnet
li
stopt
imi
zat
ionwi
tht
hei
dealcl
ocks.I
tcanf
ixset
up&hol
dti
me,
max
t
rans/
capv
iol
ati
ons.

4.
8:POWERANALYSI
S

Iftherear
ecal
lsvi
ewofsub-blocks&t heFlat
tenHierar
chicalCell
sopti
oni sselected,
thepoweranalysi
swi l
ldi
vedowni ntot hecell
sv iewsev eni ft
hereisawhi tebox
/graybox.Thedefaul
tpowervalueforawhi tebox&agr ayboxi sZEROev eni fyou
createdawhit
ebox&i thasthemodelpower .Whitebox&gr ayboxpoweri nstance
valueMUSTbespeci fi
edinanASCI Ifi
le&l oadittothet oolbyspecif
yingthef il
e
namei ntheCel
lsI
nstancePowerFil
et extfi
eldint
hePowerAnal ysi
sdial
ogbox.

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge19
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

5.SI
MULATI
ONANDRESULTS

5.
1BRAUNMULTI
PLI
ERCODE

`
ti
mescal
e1ns/1ns

modul
eandg(
y,a,
b);

i
nputa,
b;

out
puty
;

anda4(
y,a,
b);

endmodul
e

modul
exor
g(y
,a,
b);

i
nputa,
b;

out
puty
;

xora1(
y,a,
b);

endmodul
e

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge20
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

modul
ehag(
s,c,
a,
b);

i
nputa,
b;

out
puts,
c;

xor
ga1(
s,a,
b);

andga4(
c,a,
b);

endmodul
e

modul
efag(
s,c,
a,
b,
ci
n);

i
nputa,
b,
ci
n;

out
puts,
c;

wi
re[
3:1]
w;

haga6(
w[1]
,
w[2]
,
a,b)
;

haga7(
s,w[
3],
ci
n,
w[1]
);

or(
c,w[
3],
w[2]
);

endmodul
e

modul
elpm(
p,a,
b,
q);

i
nput[
3:0]
a;

i
nput[
3:0]
b;

i
nputq;

out
put[
7:0]
p;

wi
re[
10:
1]w;

wi
re[
10:
1]x
;

wi
re[
10:
1]y
;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge21
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

wi
re[
10:
1]z
;

andge1(
p[0]
,
a[0]
,
b[0]
);

andge2(
w[2]
,
a[1]
,
b[0]
);

andge3(
w[3]
,
a[2]
,
b[0]
);

andge4(
w[4]
,
a[3]
,
b[0]
);

andge5(
x[1]
,
a[0]
,
b[1]
);

andge6(
x[2]
,
a[1]
,
b[1]
);

andge7(
x[3]
,
a[2]
,
b[1]
);

andge8(
x[4]
,
a[3]
,
b[1]
);

andge9(
y[1]
,
a[0]
,
b[2]
);

andge10(
y[2]
,
a[1]
,
b[2]
);

andge11(
y[3]
,
a[2]
,
b[2]
);

andge12(
y[4]
,
a[3]
,
b[2]
);

andge13(
z[1]
,
a[0]
,
b[3]
);

andge14(
z[2]
,
a[1]
,
b[3]
);

andge15(
z[3]
,
a[2]
,
b[3]
);

andge16(
z[4]
,
a[3]
,
b[3]
);

f
age17(
p[1]
,
w[7]
,
x[1]
,
w[2]
,
q);

f
age18(
w[9]
,
w[6]
,
x[2]
,
w[3]
,
q);

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge22
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

f
age19(
w[10]
,
w[5]
,
x[3]
,
w[4]
,
q);

f
age20(
p[2]
,
x[7]
,
y[1]
,
w[9]
,
w[7]
);

f
age21(
x[9]
,
x[6]
,
y[2]
,
w[10]
,
w[6]
);

f
age22(
x[10]
,
x[5]
,
y[3]
,
x[4]
,
w[5]
);

f
age23(
p[3]
,
y[7]
,
z[1]
,
x[9]
,
x[7]
);

f
age24(
y[9]
,
y[6]
,
z[2]
,
x[10]
,
x[6]
);

f
age25(
y[10]
,
y[5]
,
z[3]
,
y[4]
,
x[5]
);

f
age26(
p[4]
,
y[8]
,
y[9]
,
y[7]
,
q);

f
age28(
p[5]
,
x[8]
,
y[10]
,
y[6]
,
y[8]
);

f
age29(
p[6]
,
p[7]
,
z[4]
,
y[5]
,
x[8]
);

endmodul
e

modul
elpm_
tb;

r
eg[
3:0]
a;

r
eg[
3:0]
b;

r
egq;

wi
re[
7:0]
p;

l
pm e30(
p,a,
b,
q);

i
nit
ial

r
epeat
(100)

begi
n

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge23
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

a=$r
andom;

b=$r
andom;

q=0;

#100;

end

Endmodul
e

BRAUNMULTI
PLI
EROUTPUTS

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge24
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

5.
2:BRAUNMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGROW BYPASSI
NGCODE

`
ti
mescal
e1ns/1ns

modul
erbm(
p0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7,
a0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3)
;

i
nputa0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3;

out
putp0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7;

wi
re[
14:
0]s;

wi
re[
27:
1]bu;

wi
re[
10:
1]c;

wi
re[
9:1]
m;

wi
req1,
q2,
q3,
q4;

wi
re[
20:
1]w;

andy
1(p0,
a0,
b0)
;

andy
2(s[
0],
a0,
b1)
;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge25
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

andy
3(s[
1],
a0,
b2)
;

andy
4(s[
2],
a0,
b3)
;

andy
5(s[
3],
a1,
b0)
;

andy
6(s[
4],
a1,
b1)
;

andy
7(s[
5],
a1,
b2)
;

andy
8(s[
6],
a1,
b3)
;

andy
9(s[
7],
a2,
b0)
;

andy
10(
s[8]
,
a2,
b1)
;

andy
11(
s[9]
,
a2,
b2)
;

andy
12(
s[10]
,
a2,
b3)
;

andy
13(
s[11]
,
a3,
b0)
;

andy
14(
s[12]
,
a3,
b1)
;

andy
15(
s[13]
,
a3,
b2)
;

andy
16(
s[14]
,
a3,
b3)
;

noto1(
q3,
b2)
;

noto2(
q4,
b3)
;

andy
17(
q1,
q3,
w[5]
);

andy
18(
q2,
q4,
w[10]
);

buf
if
1k1(
bu[
1],
s[
8],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k2(
bu[
2],
s[
11]
,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k3(
bu[
3],
1'
b0,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k4(
bu[
4],
s[
4],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k5(
bu[
5],
s[
7],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k6(
bu[
6],
1'
b0,
b1)
;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge26
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

buf
if
1k7(
bu[
7],
s[
0],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k8(
bu[
8],
s[
3],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k9(
bu[
9],
1'
b0,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k10(
bu[
10]
,
s[9]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k11(
bu[
11]
,
s[12]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k12(
bu[
12]
,
w[1]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k13(
bu[
13]
,
s[5]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k14(
bu[
14]
,
w[2]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k15(
bu[
15]
,
w[3]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k16(
bu[
16]
,
s[1]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k17(
bu[
17]
,
w[4]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k18(
bu[
18]
,
w[5]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k19(
bu[
19]
,
s[10]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k20(
bu[
20]
,
s[13]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k21(
bu[
21]
,
w[6]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k22(
bu[
22]
,
s[6]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k23(
bu[
23]
,
w[7]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k24(
bu[
24]
,
w[8]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k25(
bu[
25]
,
s[2]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k26(
bu[
26]
,
w[9]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k27(
bu[
27]
,
w[10]
,
b3)
;

f
ull
adderf
1(m[
1],
c[
1],
bu[
1],
bu[
2],
bu[
3])
;

f
ull
adderf
2(m[
2],
c[
2],
bu[
4],
bu[
5],
bu[
6])
;

f
ull
adderf
3(m[
3],
c[
3],
bu[
7],
bu[
8],
bu[
9])
;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge27
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

f
ull
adderf
4(m[
4],
c[
4],
bu[
10]
,
bu[
11]
,
bu[
12]
);

f
ull
adderf
5(m[
5],
c[
5],
bu[
13]
,
bu[
14]
,
bu[
15]
);

f
ull
adderf
6(m[
6],
c[
6],
bu[
16]
,
bu[
17]
,
bu[
18]
);

f
ull
adderf
7(m[
7],
c[
7],
bu[
19]
,
bu[
20]
,
bu[
21]
);

f
ull
adderf
8(m[
8],
c[
8],
bu[
22]
,
bu[
23]
,
bu[
24]
);

f
ull
adderf
9(m[
9],
c[
9],
bu[
25]
,
bu[
26]
,
bu[
27]
);

f
ull
adderf
10(
p2,
c[
10]
,
w[11]
,
q1,
1'
b0)
;

f
ull
adderf
11(
p3,
w[18]
,
w[17]
,
c[10]
,
q2)
;

f
ull
adderf
12(
p4,
w[19]
,
w[15]
,
w[18]
,
w[16]
);

f
ull
adderf
13(
p5,
w[20]
,
w[13]
,
w[19]
,
w[14]
);

f
ull
adderf
14(
p6,
p7,
s[
14]
,
w[20]
,
w[12]
);

assi
gnw[
1]=b1?
c[1]
:1'
b0,

w[
2]=b1?
m[1]
:s[
11]
,

w[
3]=b1?
c[2]
:1'
b0,

w[
4]=b1?
m[2]
:s[
7],

w[
5]=b1?
c[3]
:1'
b0,

p1=b1?
m[3]
:s[
3],

w[
6]=b2?
c[4]
:1'
b0,

w[
7]=b2?
m[4]
:s[
12]
,

w[
8]=b2?
c[5]
:w[
1],

w[
9]=b2?
m[5]
:w[
2],

w[
10]
=b2?
c[6]
:w[
3],

w[
11]
=b2?
m[6]
:w[
4],

w[
12]
=b3?
c[7]
:1'
b0,

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge28
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

w[
13]
=b3?
m[7]
:s[
13]
,

w[
14]
=b3?
c[8]
:w[
6],

w[
15]
=b3?
m[8]
:w[
7],

w[
16]
=b3?
c[9]
:w[
8],

w[
17]
=b3?
m[9]
:w[
9];

endmodul
e

modul
eful
l
adder
(sum,
c_out
,a,
b,
c_i
n);

i
nputa,
b,
c_i
n;

out
putsum,
c_out
;

wi
re[
3:1]
w;

hal
fadderx01(
w[1]
,
w[2]
,
a,b)
;

hal
fadderx02(
sum,
w[3]
,
c_i
n,
w[1]
);

orx03(
c_out
,w[
2],
w[3]
);

endmodul
e

modul
ehal
fadder
(sum,
car
ry,
a,
b);

i
nputa,
b;

out
putsum,
car
ry;

xorx04(
sum,
a,
b);

andx05(
car
ry,
a,
b);

endmodul
e

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge29
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

modul
er_
test
bench;

r
ega0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3;

wi
rep0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7;

r
bm r
1(p0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7,
a0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3)
;

i
nit
ial

r
epeat
(40)

begi
n

a0=$r
andom;

a1=$r
andom;

a2=$r
andom;

a3=$r
andom;

b0=$r
andom;

b1=$r
andom;

b2=$r
andom;

b3=$r
andom;

#80;

end

endmodul
e

BRAUNMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGROW BYPASSI
NGOUTPUTS

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge30
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge31
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

5.
3:BRAUNMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGCOLUMNBYPASSI
NGCODES

`
ti
mescal
e1ns/1ns

modul
erbm(
p0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7,
a0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3)
;

i
nputa0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3;

out
putp0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7;

wi
re[
14:
0]s;

wi
re[
27:
1]bu;

wi
re[
10:
1]c;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge32
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

wi
re[
9:1]
m;

wi
req1,
q2,
q3,
q4;

wi
re[
20:
1]w;

andy
1(p0,
a0,
b0)
;

andy
2(s[
0],
a0,
b1)
;

andy
3(s[
1],
a0,
b2)
;

andy
4(s[
2],
a0,
b3)
;

andy
5(s[
3],
a1,
b0)
;

andy
6(s[
4],
a1,
b1)
;

andy
7(s[
5],
a1,
b2)
;

andy
8(s[
6],
a1,
b3)
;

andy
9(s[
7],
a2,
b0)
;

andy
10(
s[8]
,
a2,
b1)
;

andy
11(
s[9]
,
a2,
b2)
;

andy
12(
s[10]
,
a2,
b3)
;

andy
13(
s[11]
,
a3,
b0)
;

andy
14(
s[12]
,
a3,
b1)
;

andy
15(
s[13]
,
a3,
b2)
;

andy
16(
s[14]
,
a3,
b3)
;

noto1(
q3,
b2)
;

noto2(
q4,
b3)
;

andy
17(
q1,
q3,
w[5]
);

andy
18(
q2,
q4,
w[10]
);

buf
if
1k1(
bu[
1],
s[
8],
b1)
;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge33
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

buf
if
1k2(
bu[
2],
s[
11]
,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k3(
bu[
3],
1'
b0,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k4(
bu[
4],
s[
4],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k5(
bu[
5],
s[
7],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k6(
bu[
6],
1'
b0,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k7(
bu[
7],
s[
0],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k8(
bu[
8],
s[
3],
b1)
;

buf
if
1k9(
bu[
9],
1'
b0,
b1)
;

buf
if
1k10(
bu[
10]
,
s[9]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k11(
bu[
11]
,
s[12]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k12(
bu[
12]
,
w[1]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k13(
bu[
13]
,
s[5]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k14(
bu[
14]
,
w[2]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k15(
bu[
15]
,
w[3]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k16(
bu[
16]
,
s[1]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k17(
bu[
17]
,
w[4]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k18(
bu[
18]
,
w[5]
,
b2)
;

buf
if
1k19(
bu[
19]
,
s[10]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k20(
bu[
20]
,
s[13]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k21(
bu[
21]
,
w[6]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k22(
bu[
22]
,
s[6]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k23(
bu[
23]
,
w[7]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k24(
bu[
24]
,
w[8]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k25(
bu[
25]
,
s[2]
,
b3)
;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge34
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

buf
if
1k26(
bu[
26]
,
w[9]
,
b3)
;

buf
if
1k27(
bu[
27]
,
w[10]
,
b3)
;

f
ull
adderf
1(m[
1],
c[
1],
bu[
1],
bu[
2],
bu[
3])
;

f
ull
adderf
2(m[
2],
c[
2],
bu[
4],
bu[
5],
bu[
6])
;

f
ull
adderf
3(m[
3],
c[
3],
bu[
7],
bu[
8],
bu[
9])
;

f
ull
adderf
4(m[
4],
c[
4],
bu[
10]
,
bu[
11]
,
bu[
12]
);

f
ull
adderf
5(m[
5],
c[
5],
bu[
13]
,
bu[
14]
,
bu[
15]
);

f
ull
adderf
6(m[
6],
c[
6],
bu[
16]
,
bu[
17]
,
bu[
18]
);

f
ull
adderf
7(m[
7],
c[
7],
bu[
19]
,
bu[
20]
,
bu[
21]
);

f
ull
adderf
8(m[
8],
c[
8],
bu[
22]
,
bu[
23]
,
bu[
24]
);

f
ull
adderf
9(m[
9],
c[
9],
bu[
25]
,
bu[
26]
,
bu[
27]
);

f
ull
adderf
10(
p2,
c[
10]
,
w[11]
,
q1,
1'
b0)
;

f
ull
adderf
11(
p3,
w[18]
,
w[17]
,
c[10]
,
q2)
;

f
ull
adderf
12(
p4,
w[19]
,
w[15]
,
w[18]
,
w[16]
);

f
ull
adderf
13(
p5,
w[20]
,
w[13]
,
w[19]
,
w[14]
);

f
ull
adderf
14(
p6,
p7,
s[
14]
,
w[20]
,
w[12]
);

assi
gnw[
1]=b1?
c[1]
:1'
b0,

w[
2]=b1?
m[1]
:s[
11]
,

w[
3]=b1?
c[2]
:1'
b0,

w[
4]=b1?
m[2]
:s[
7],

w[
5]=b1?
c[3]
:1'
b0,

p1=b1?
m[3]
:s[
3],

w[
6]=b2?
c[4]
:1'
b0,

w[
7]=b2?
m[4]
:s[
12]
,

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge35
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

w[
8]=b2?
c[5]
:w[
1],

w[
9]=b2?
m[5]
:w[
2],

w[
10]
=b2?
c[6]
:w[
3],

w[
11]
=b2?
m[6]
:w[
4],

w[
12]
=b3?
c[7]
:1'
b0,

w[
13]
=b3?
m[7]
:s[
13]
,

w[
14]
=b3?
c[8]
:w[
6],

w[
15]
=b3?
m[8]
:w[
7],

w[
16]
=b3?
c[9]
:w[
8],

w[
17]
=b3?
m[9]
:w[
9];

endmodul
e

modul
eful
l
adder
(sum,
c_out
,a,
b,
c_i
n);

i
nputa,
b,
c_i
n;

out
putsum,
c_out
;

wi
re[
3:1]
w;

hal
fadderx01(
w[1]
,
w[2]
,
a,b)
;

hal
fadderx02(
sum,
w[3]
,
c_i
n,
w[1]
);

orx03(
c_out
,w[
2],
w[3]
);

endmodul
e

modul
ehal
fadder
(sum,
car
ry,
a,
b);

i
nputa,
b;

out
putsum,
car
ry;

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge36
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

xorx04(
sum,
a,
b);

andx05(
car
ry,
a,
b);

endmodul
e

modul
etest
bench;

r
ega0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3;

wi
rep0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7;

r
bm r
1(p0,
p1,
p2,
p3,
p4,
p5,
p6,
p7,
a0,
a1,
a2,
a3,
b0,
b1,
b2,
b3)
;

i
nit
ial

r
epeat
(40)

begi
n

a0=$r
andom;

a1=$r
andom;

a2=$r
andom;

a3=$r
andom;

b0=$r
andom;

b1=$r
andom;

b2=$r
andom;

b3=$r
andom;

#80;

end

endmodul
e

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge37
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

BRAUNMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGCOLUMNBYPASSI
NGOUTPUTS

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge38
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

6.CONCLUSI
ON
Wecandesi gntheLowpowerMul ti
pli
erbyreducingthe
switching act i
vit
y oft he logic circui
twi thoutwhi ch thei
r
functioni sbeingchanged.Thusf rom t hi
sonecansayt hat
adder sar eusedforbypassingi nagi vensit
uationandalsothat
thecol umnby passmul t
ipl
ierhasl ow powerdi ssi
pati
onandi t
i
ssui tedf orDSP appl i
cations.Byusi ngmul ti
pli
erswecan
extendt hi
stosignalgatingt omultipli
erssuchaspar ti
ti
onable
mul t
ipliersandsaturat
ingmul ti
pli
ers.

Depar
t CMRTCpa
mentofECE, ge39
DESI
GNOFLOW POWERMULTI
PLI
ERUSI
NGBRAUNARCHI
TECTUREWI
THROW
ANDCOLUMNBYPASSI
NG

7. REFERENCES

ChouCandKuoK,LowPowerMulti
pli
erwi
thBy
passingandTr
eeSt
ruct
ures,
IEEE
Asi
aPaci
fi
cConf
erenceonCi
rcui
tsandSyst
ems,2006.

HuangY,Li
nJ,SheuM andSheuC,LowPowerMul
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