Example: Fire Design of Protected IPE Section Beam Exposed To Parametric Fire Curve

Example: Fire design of protected IPE section beam exposed to parametric fire curve
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 9

Title Example: Fire design of protected IPE section beam
exposed to parametric fire curve
Eurocode Ref
Made by Z. Sokol Date Jan 2006
Checked by F. Wald Date Jan 2006
Example: Fire design of protected IPE section

beam exposed to parametric fire curve
This worked illustrates the fire design of a simply supported non-composite
beam. Heat transfer into the section is calculated using the equation for
protected members given in EN1993-1-2, which is evaluated using an
iterative calculation procedure. The structural resistance is calculated using
the simple calculation model for members in bending, given in EN1993-1-2.
A steel beam forms part of a floor structure of an office building. The beam is
uniformly load and restrained against lateral torsional buckling by a concrete
slab. The beam is required to achieve 60 minutes fire resistance and will be
fire protected using sprayed vermiculite cement. The thermal actions will be
determined using the parametric temperature - time curve.
q
g
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
l = 7,4 m
Figure 1: Static system
Basic data
Material properties
Steel grade: S 275
Yield stress: fy = 275 N/mm²
Density: ρa = 7850 kg/m³
Loads
Permanent action:
gk = 4,8 kN/m
Variable action:
qk = 7,8 kN/m
Partial safety factors

γG = 1,35
Created on Wednesday, August 18, 2010
γQ = 1,50
γM0 = 1,00
γM,fi = 1,00

Eurocode Ref
Data for fire calculation

Data for parametric fire curve:
Γ = 5,794
tmax = 22 minutes
x=1
Properties of fire protection material
Sprayed vermiculite cement
thickness dp = 10 mm
density ρp = 550 kg/m3
specific heat cp = 1100 J/kgK
thermal conductivity λp = 0,12 W/mK
Mechanical actions at normal temperature

The characteristic value of the load is
vk = g k + q k = 4,8 + 7,8 = 12,60 kNm −1
The design value of the load is

vd = g k γG + qk γQ = 4,8 ⋅ 1,35 + 7,8 ⋅ 1,5 = 18,18 kNm -1
The applied bending moment and shear force are given by:
1 1
M Ed = vd l 2 = ⋅ 18,18 ⋅ 7,4 2 = 124,4 kNm
8 8
1 1
VEd = v d l = ⋅ 18,18 ⋅ 7,4 = 67,3 kN
2 2

Eurocode Ref
Design at normal temperature

Section IPE 300 is designed to resist the applied loads. It is a Class 1 section EN 1993-1-1
§ 5.5
tf
r =15
tw =7,1
h =300
tf =10,7
b =150
Figure 2: Cross-section
At the Ultimate Limit State, the concrete slab is assumed to provide full
lateral support to the compression flange; therefore lateral-torsional instability

does not need to be taken into account.
The bending moment resistance is given by:
EN 1993-1-1
Wpl, y f y 628,4 ⋅103 ⋅ 275
M pl,Rd = = = 172,8 kNm > 124,4 kNm = M Sd OK § 6.2.5
γM0 1,0
The shear resistance is given by: EN 1993-1-1

AV,z f y 2 568 ⋅ 275 § 6.2.6
Vpl,Rd = = = 407,7 kN > 67,3 kN = VSd OK
3 γM0 3 ⋅1,0
The section is checked at the Serviceability Limit State:

5 vk l 4 5 12,60 ⋅ 7 400 4 l
δ= = 6
= 28,0 mm < 29,6 mm = OK
384 E I y 384 210 000 ⋅ 83,56 ⋅10 250
The section is satisfactory at normal temperature.
Design for the fire situation

Mechanical actions for fire design situation

Using the simplified rule in EN 1991-2, actions in the fire situation may be EN1991-1-2
determined from actions in normal design. §4.3.2

Eurocode Ref
The accidental situation is used for the combination of mechanical actions

during fire exposure, the ψ factor is taken as ψ2,1 = 0,3 for office buildings.
The reduction factor for the design load level is equal to
EN1993-1-2
g k + ψ1,1 qk 4,8 + 0 ,3 ⋅ 7,8 §2.4.2
ηfi = = = 0,393
g k γ G + qk γ Q 4,8 ⋅ 1,35 + 7 ,8 ⋅ 1,5
NB: The ψ factor is a nationally determined parameter. The value used in

this example is the value recommended in EN 1991-1-2.
The design bending moment and shear force are given by:
M fi,Ed = η fi M Ed = 0,393 ⋅ 124,4 = 48,9 kNm
Vfi, Ed = η fi VEd = 0,393 ⋅ 67,3 = 26,4 kN
Evaluation of gas temperature

The full calculation of a parametric fire curve is illustrated by worked EN1991-1-2

example SX042. The curve used in this example is based on the following Annex A
parameters Γ = 5,794, tmax = 22 min (0,367 hour) and x = 1 should be used.
SX042
The modified time t* (in hours) is used in the parametric curve
t * = t Γ = 5,794 t .
The maximum gas temperature is reached at time t*max
*
t max = t max Γ = 0,367 ⋅ 5,794 = 2,125 hour .
The heating part of the temperature curve is given
( * *
θ g,t = 20 + 1325 1 − 0,324 e −0,2 t − 0,204 e −1,7 t − 0,472 e −19 t
*
)
The maximal gas temperature in the fire compartment is
(
θ max = 20 + 1325 1 − 0,324 e −0,2⋅2,125 − 0,204 e −1,7⋅2,125 − 0,472 e −19⋅2,125 )
θ max = 1057°C
When t*max > 2, the curve in the cooling phase is given by
θ g,t = θ max − 250 (t * − tmax
*
x)
(
= 1057 − 250 ⋅ t * − 2,126 ⋅1 )
= 1588,5 − 250 ⋅ t *

Eurocode Ref
Evaluation of beam temperature

The section factor can be calculated as follows (see Figure 3, where the dotted
line indicates the section perimeter exposed to fire): SD005
Ap 3 b + 2 (h − t w − 4 r ) + 2 π r
= =
V A
3 ⋅150 + 2 ⋅ (300 − 7,1 − 4 ⋅15) + 2 ⋅ π ⋅15
= =
5 381
= 0,188 mm −1 = 188 m −1
Figure 3: Evaluation of the section parameter Ap/V
The increase of temperature of the steel section is calculated using step-by-

step procedure using the following formula:
λp Ap / V θ g, t − θ a, t EN1993-1-2
Δθ a, t = Δt − (eφ 10 − 1) Δθ g, t but Δθ a, t ≥ 0
d p ca ρ a (1 + φ 3) § 4.2.5.2
where
cp ρ p Ap
φ= dp
ca ρ a V
Time interval Δt = 30 sec is used in the temperature calculation.


Eurocode Ref
The steel and gas temperatures are shown in Table 1 and Figure 4.
Table 1: Calculation of steel temperature
t* θg ca ø Δθa,t θa,t
min sec hour °C J/kg°C °C °C
0 0 20,0 440 20,0
30 0,04828 420,9 440 0,329 0,0 20,0
1 00 0,09657 594,7 440 0,329 0,0 20,0
1 30 0,14485 676,8 440 0,329 4,3 24,3
2 00 0,19313 721,4 443 0,327 8,7 33,1
2 30 0,24142 750,3 449 0,323 10,5 43,5
3 00 0,28970 772,1 456 0,318 11,2 54,7
40 30 3,91095 610,4 738 0,196 0,7 581,1

41 00 3,95923 598,3 739 0,196 0,6 581,6
41 30 4,00752 586,2 740 0,196 0,4 582,1
42 00 4,05580 574,2 740 0,196 0,3 582,3

42 30 4,10408 562,1 740 0,196 0,1 582,5
43 00 4,15237 550,0 741 0,196 0,0 582,5
43 30 4,20065 538,0 741 0,196 -0,1 582,4
44 00 4,24893 525,9 741 0,196 -0,2 582,1
44 30 4,29722 513,8 740 0,196 -0,4 581,8
45 00 4,34550 501,7 740 0,196 -0,5 581,3
45 30 4,39378 489,7 739 0,196 -0,6 580,6
46 00 4,44207 477,6 739 0,196 -0,8 579,9
58 00 5,60087 187,9 690 0,210 -3,6 525,8

58 30 5,64915 175,8 687 0,211 -3,7 522,1
59 00 5,69743 163,8 684 0,212 -3,8 518,3
59 30 5,74572 151,7 681 0,213 -3,9 514,3
60 00 5,79400 139,6 678 0,214 -4,0 510,3
60 30 5,84228 127,6 674 0,215 -4,2 506,1

Eurocode Ref
θ a,t [°C]
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700 θ g,t
600
500
400
300
200 θ a,t
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Figure 4: Steel and gas temperature-time curves
The maximum temperature reached due to exposure to the parametric fire is

θa,max = 582°C.
Verification in the resistance domain
Classification of the section at elevated temperature

c
r =15
tw =7,1
d
tf =10,7
b =150
Figure 5: Classification of the cross-section


Eurocode Ref
The slenderness of the flange in compression is

c 56,45
= = 5,3
tf 10,7
The limit for Class 1 is 9ε. For the fire design situation ε is taken as 0,85 of EN 1993-1-2
that used for normal design. Thus the limit for S275 is: §4.2.2
9 × 0,85 × 0,924 = 7,07
The limit is not exceeded. Therefore, the flange is Class 1.
The slenderness of the web in bending is

d 248,6
= = 35,0
tw 7,1
The limit for Class 1 is 72ε. For the fire design situation ε is taken as 0,85 of
that used for normal design. Thus the limit is:
72 × 0,85 × 0,924 = 56,6

Limit is not exceeded. Therefore, the web is Class 1.
The section is Class 1 at elevated temperature.
The reduction factor for the temperature θa = 582°C is: EN 1993-1-2

ky,θ = 0,525 § 3.2.1
SD003
The design moment resistance during fire exposure is given by:
1 k y,θ Wpl, y f y
M fi, t,Rd = EN1993-1-2
κ1 κ 2 γM,fi § 4.2.3.3(3)
The adaptation factor

κ1 = 0,85
is used for an unprotected beam exposed to fire on three sides.
and the adaptation factor

κ2 = 1,0
is used for simply supported beam.


Eurocode Ref
The design moment resistance at the temperature θa = 582°C is

EN1993-1-2
1 0,525 ⋅ 628,4 ⋅10 ⋅ 275
3
§ 4.2.3.3
M fi,t,Rd = ⋅ = 106,7 kNm > 48,9 kNm OK
0,85 ⋅1,0 1,0
The design shear resistance is given by:

AV,z f y 2 568 ⋅ 275
Vfi, t, Rd = k y,θ = 0,525 ⋅ = 214,1 kN > 26,4 kN = Vfi,Sd OK
3 γM0 3 ⋅ 1,0
The section is satisfactory in the at fire design situation.
Comparison with design for standard fire resistance

For 60 minutes exposure to the standard time temperature curve, the thickness
of protection required can be determined using manufacturers design tables
for vermiculite spray, published in ‘Fire protection for structural steel in
buildings’.. These design tables are based on the assumption that the critical
temperature is not less than 550oC.
Section Factor = 188 m-1

Protection Thickness = 15 mm
Example: Fire design of protected IPE section beam exposed to parametric fire
curve
SX047a-EN-EU
SX047a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Fire design of protected IPE section beam exposed to
parametric fire curve
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Z. Sokol CTU Prague
Technical content checked by F. Wald CTU Prague
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 30/6/08
2. France A Bureau CTICM 30/6/08
3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 30/6/08

4. Germany C Müller RWTH 30/6/08
5. Spain J Chica Labein 30/6/08
6. Luxembourg M Haller PARE 30/6/08
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 18/9/06

Coordinator
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Example: Fire design of protected IPE section beam exposed to parametric fire curve

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 9

Example: Fire design of protected IPE section

Figure 1: Static system

Partial safety factors

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 9

Data for fire calculation

Mechanical actions at normal temperature

The design value of the load is

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 9

Design at normal temperature

lateral support to the compression flange; therefore lateral-torsional instability

The shear resistance is given by: EN 1993-1-1

The section is checked at the Serviceability Limit State:

The section is satisfactory at normal temperature.

Design for the fire situation

Mechanical actions for fire design situation

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 9

The accidental situation is used for the combination of mechanical actions

NB: The ψ factor is a nationally determined parameter. The value used in

Vfi, Ed = η fi VEd = 0,393 ⋅ 67,3 = 26,4 kN

Evaluation of gas temperature

The full calculation of a parametric fire curve is illustrated by worked EN1991-1-2

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 9

Evaluation of beam temperature

Figure 3: Evaluation of the section parameter Ap/V

The increase of temperature of the steel section is calculated using step-by-

Time interval Δt = 30 sec is used in the temperature calculation.

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 9

40 30 3,91095 610,4 738 0,196 0,7 581,1

42 00 4,05580 574,2 740 0,196 0,3 582,3

58 00 5,60087 187,9 690 0,210 -3,6 525,8

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 7 of 9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Figure 4: Steel and gas temperature-time curves

The maximum temperature reached due to exposure to the parametric fire is

Verification in the resistance domain

Classification of the section at elevated temperature

Figure 5: Classification of the cross-section

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 8 of 9

The slenderness of the flange in compression is

The slenderness of the web in bending is

72 × 0,85 × 0,924 = 56,6

The reduction factor for the temperature θa = 582°C is: EN 1993-1-2

The adaptation factor

and the adaptation factor

is used for simply supported beam.

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX047a-EN-EU Sheet 9 of 9

The design moment resistance at the temperature θa = 582°C is

The design shear resistance is given by:

The section is satisfactory in the at fire design situation.

Comparison with design for standard fire resistance

Section Factor = 188 m-1

Name Company Date

Created by Z. Sokol CTU Prague

Technical content checked by F. Wald CTU Prague

Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

1. UK G W Owens SCI 30/6/08

2. France A Bureau CTICM 30/6/08

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 30/6/08

4. Germany C Müller RWTH 30/6/08

5. Spain J Chica Labein 30/6/08