Conventional cascaded multilevel inverters

New Approaches for are one of the most popular topologies in

Harmonics Reduction
in Solar Inverters
Abstract- Two Approaches are compare in this
thesis as well as analyzes to the convertion of dc
to ac power. Cascaded inverter is uses in the first
approach. New multilevel sceme is uses by another
and it having H-Bridge and Level modules.
Software part is done in the Matlab Software. the
approach those are compare in which The THD
in output load voltage, active and reactive Power
is produced Which is shown that the Total
Harmonic Distortion produced in second scheme
is better upto a certain stage of the given first
scheme. And the having for the second scheme
active and reactive power are larger .
Index Terms— inverter, Level Module (LM),
multilevel inverter, Power Quality, Total
Harmonic Distortion.
I. INTRODUCTION
the family of inverters such as multilevel
and multi pulse inverters. The cascade
topology give to allow the use of several
levels of DC voltages to a desired AC
voltage is synthesized. Here The DC levels
are Such as considered to be imaginary
hence all of them are fuel cells or PV panel,
and batteries, etc. Inverter which is consists
of four mosfet which are switches, a dc
source and a Isolated or Grid load across
the two arm of H-Bridge. Each mosfet
which is known as switch conducts for a
period of 180 degree. The gate pulses for
diagonal switches are imaginary . in Fig. 1.
H-bridge Inverter is Shown. A cascaded
inverter consists of a number of inverter H-
Bridge. units with a separate dc source for
the each unit and which is connected in
cascade or series as shown in Fig. 1

fuel costs is day by day increase , Rising

concerns for overall globally climate change
and a growing worldwide demand for
electricity gets such impact of global effort
towards most use of natural energy sources
such as solar, wind, biomass etc. In case of s
PV panel the energy is converted in dc
form. The dc power is converted into ac
form and then fed to the grid or it is used in
load which is isolated. different methods
are available for dc to ac conversion.
Multilevel Inverters have gained such a
popular in recent times. power quality gets
risingly better with the no. of levels in the
output wave. Two approaches for dc to ac
conversion are discussed in this paper.

A. Cascaded H Bridge Inverter

Fig. 1 H-Bridge Inverter
Total harmonic distortion, Active and
Reactive Power are measured for single
stage as well as multi stage H-Bridge
inverter. MATLAB software is used for
simulation of the circuit. The variation of
delay angles α result in variation of THD in
load voltage. a particular delay angle THD
is found to be low. Further Total Harmonic
Distortion is reduce and achieved by
increasing the levels of the converter. single
stage, low THD of 48.47% is found for
α=30°. While for second stage very low
THD is 29.49% for α1=45°, α2=90°.
converter stage is increased, the Single
Stage of waveform of output is also
increased. than the no of stages the level is
higher. For single stage, output has two
Stages. here foe the two stages output
having more than 3 levels, we can see 3 and
8 level output voltage waveforms and the
load currents respectively. take the input
voltage for single stage V=7 Volt, for two
stages V=14 Volt and so on. The software in
matlab is done up to eight stages and the
total harmonic distortion which is obtained
in voltage is with the stages are continuously
decreasing. The software in matlab is done
for a fixed RL load having R=5Ω and
L=5mH.
For a particular stage number, the variation
in delay angles results in difference of total
harmonic distortion, Active Power and
Reactive power. For a particular delay angle
combination THD is found to be minimum
while P and Q are maximum at some other
combinations of delay angles. Thus only one
of the three performances may be optimized
at a time. the difference of THD in voltage,
P and the Q with the delay angles.α1 delay
angle for first step, α2 for another next step,
α3 is for third step.
Table 1
For Six Stage inverter THD of 12.34% is
found to be very low
for α1=20°, α2=40°, α3=60°, α4=80°,
α5=100°, α6=120°. For Seven
Stage inverter THD of 12.14% is found to
be lower for the
α1=0°, α2=15°, α3=30°, α4=45°, α5=60°,
α6=75°, α7=90°. For eight
Stage inverter THD of 9.6% is found to be
lower for,
α1=15°, α2=30°, α3=45°, α4=60°, α5=75°,
α6=90°, α7=105°,
α8=120°.
B. Multilevel Approach
The proposed multilevel inverter circuit
consists of Level Module, H-Bridge
inverter, input dc voltage and RL load as in
Fig. 2. Is shown. the level module used in
the circuit. Output Level of output voltage
shape is depends on it.
n = 2(m+1) – 1
m is known as no of level modules in the
given circuit diagram no of mosfets are uses
we can say those mosfets as Switches. r =
2m+4
input dc voltage : Vk = 2(k−1) ·Vd
Where k =1, 2, 3, … m.
 clock of the –ve edge triggered J=K=1 jk
flip flop is use. except this in thck of another
jk flip flop in the clock Q1 is given for
getting the gate pulse which is for mosfet
such as a switch Q2.which is third LM
switch. pulses of the gate are for the Qo, Q1
and Q2 which are shown in Figure.

Fig. 2 Proposed Multilevel circuit

a) voltage waveform of load And

Fig. 3Matlab Model for the proposed circuit

b)Current Waveform of load

Fig. 5 a) 15 level output load voltage and

current waveform

Fig. 4Ac Voltage waveform

In the proposed circuit diagram , 3 Level

modules, 1 H-Bridge inverter, and 3 dc
voltage sources Vd, 2Vd , 4Vd are used.
Output waveform has 15 level and the total
10 switches are used. Total dc voltage used
in the given circuit the voltage is 7V.. To
find gate pulse is given to the second LM a) Thd of voltage
mosfet such as Switch which gives to the

b) Thd of Current
Fig.6 THD Of the Voltage and Current
Shown in fig.
Differentiation of the dc voltage Vd obtain
waveforms such as the results are difference
of THD, P & Q are use for a constant load
R is given as 5Ω and L is given as 5mH. The
software model is done in matlab. The
model of the circuit in MATLAB is shown
in Fig. 3.load voltage and output current is
shown in Fig.5. When the Vd is varied
which is dc voltage, the Active and Reactive
Power will get change when the THD
remains as it is the THD depends only on
the Size of the waveform. the Vd is
increased from 1V to 8V, P will maximize
from 3.72 W to 238.2W, Q will increase
from 1.17 VAr to 74.8 VAr while the Total
Harmonic Distortion is constant as it is
13.49% as in fig6 we can see.
Fig. 7 Active reactive Power Waveform
II. COMPARISION
Total Harmonic Distortion in voltage of
output which is obtained in second scheme
is 13.49% while inverter the low THD found
upto five stages is 14.99%. which gives that
such Steps of the inverter in the first level is
five otherwise it may be less than five, the
total harmonic distortion is maximum i.e.
the power quality is always low when we
compare with second level. in it the mosfets
are use in the first scheme the output level
which having five levels mostly twenty and
six. In second scheme the output level is
second and fifteen. we can see the
differences of the total harmonic distortion
in Figure 6.single unit case connection of
cascaded which are of five units, low Total
harmonic distortion is seen in second level
scheme. the steps are maximize beyond the
value five level, in this case the Total
Harmonic Distortion will much good for the
first of the scheme . without the filter The
two methods. Total Harmonic Distortion
shown in output voltage the output is always
reduced using filter in both method. In this
Method , to eight step inverter, 9.6% of total
Harmonic Distortion is found. In this way
cost of this method increases as compare to
second method because of this we have to
use huge no of power electronic devices.
Real and imaginary power of this method
are large for the similar output Ac voltage
and similar Input dc Voltage.as the total Dc
Voltage Increases apparent and the reactive
power also increases. The Waveform are
showed fob five step inverter has a input Dc
voltage such as 35 Volt, Real power and
imaginary power shown in the First Method
are 120.8W and 38.0VAr in second Method,
values are 93W and 29.2VAr.
III. CONCLUSION
Above Work Shows that , Total Harmonic [5] J. Rodriguez, J.-S. Lai, and F. Z. Peng,
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cost is also less. The meaning of it is the PV Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 1, No.
Panels having same power rating and same 3, May 2009
characteristics are connected in both the [8] http://www.mathworks.com.
scheme, the Power Quality will be more nice
and cost is less for second scheme. Active
Power and Reactive Power are more for H-
Bridge Inverter which as compare to new
multilevel scheme.
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