Name: Royce M.

Palada Student No: 18-41707

Subject: Readings in Philippine History Section: BS – Electrical Engineering

Worksheet 2: FOCUS ON THE CHARACTERS

Gen. Gregorio del Pilar?

1. Who was General Gregorio del Pilar?
He was a Filipino general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine–
American War.Because of his youth, he became known as the "Boy General".
2. What significant role did he play during the Philippine revolution and the Filipino-
American War?
 He is the one that lead the Philippine Revolution to fight for the freedom and he
stand against the American army at the mount Tirad in Ilucos Sur.

3. In the film, Goyo was haunted by visions. What function did these visions serve in
the film’s narrative? What do these visions tell us about the character of Goyo?
The visions serve as weighs of his great responsibilities as a young General of the
Philippine Army. This visions represent the struggles of his conscience which a struggle
between a loyal officer to the President and doingbthe right and just action for the
country.

4. Why was he particularly disturbed by Manuel Bernal’s words?

Because in some point he believed the priciple of Manuel on what they are figthing as a
soldier and the Manuel's message for him.

5. Did the film succeed in humanizing Gen. Gregorio del Pilar?

Yes, This movie humanizes Del Pilar of his struggles as one of the youngest generals that
our history portrays as "The Hero of Tirad Pass." Later we know that his aspirations and
ideologies were persuaded by Aguinaldo, blindly adhering to his command.

6. What character flaws of Gregorio del Pilar were depicted in the film? Did it or
influence your view of the hero? Explain.
Goyo seems to have everything under control. He is confident, loved by many
especially the ladies and people look up to him. "Ikaw ang agila.
 But there is a side of Goyo that we do not know or have not seen. Underneath all his
charm and success lies an internal struggle, and it goes to show that in every battle,
even the strongest, most idolized heroes are still human beings.

President Emilio Aguinaldo

1. Who was President Emilio Aguinaldo?
He is the President of the First Philippine Republic and thereby General-in-Chief of its
Revolutionary Army, who led the Filipinos during the Philippine-American War in 1899

2. How was Pres. Aguinaldo portrayed in the film?

A President and former general seemingly less confident as a president governing his
republic rather than a soldier leading his troops into battle.

3. In Angelito (2017), Manuel Bernal kept on referring to Pres. Aguinaldo as an “idol”

rather than “leader” Do you agree with his judgement? Explain.
Yes, Because it more important for President Aguinaldo the loyalties of his comrades in
his every command not on the abilties of a soldiers and will to serve and defend
thevcountry from the invader.

4. You saw in the film the tortuous odyssey of the Aguinaldo party in the mountains of
Northern Luzon. Did this affect your opinion of Pres. Aguinaldo the role that he
played during the Revolution and the Filipino-American War.
No, It is normal for a leader of having weakness in his leadership and different ideology
he fight for the good of his soveriegnty.
Apolinario Mabini
1. Who was Apolinario Mabini?
He is a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as
a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government. He is regarded as the
"utak ng himagsikan" or "brain of the revolution".

2. How was Mabini portrayed in the film?

3. President Aguinaldo offered the Chief Justiceship of the Supreme Court to Mabini.
Why was he out of government at that time? What previous government post did
he hold before that offer?
He has some profound, hurting lines about his countrymen, and he calls Aguinaldo’s
people a bunch of clowns.
He was the former Prime Minister of the First Philippine Republic and former Secretary
of Foreign Affairs.

Gen. Jose Alejandrino

1. Who was Gen. Jose Alejandrino?
He was one of the Filipino generals during the Philippine Revolution and the
Philippine-American War.

2. What was Gen. Jose Alejandrino opinion to Gen. Del Pilar?

"The President's favorite, The arrogant one."

3. Why was he spared from the arrest, torture and inquartation of Luna’s friends and
partisans?
Name: Royce M. Palada Student No: 18-41707
Subject: Readings in Philippine History Section: BS – Electrical Engineering

Worksheet 1: INTRODUCING THE FILM CREW

Read the chapter on the “film crew” (pp. 83-90). Familiarize yourself with the
valuable roles of each member. Choose three members of the Goyo crew whose work most
impressed you identify specific scenes that demonstrates their contribution to the film.
Name: Royce M. Palada Student No: 18-41707
Subject: Readings in Philippine History Section: BS – Electrical Engineering

Worksheet 2: FOCUS ON THE CONTENT

1. This particular dialogue by Mabini and Alejandrino contains relevant observations

on Philippine society that ergs true to this day. Identify some of the problems that
the Philippine Republic faced during the Filipino-American War from this
conversation.

2. In Angelito (2017), Manuel Bernal discoursed on the difference between an “idol”

and a “leader”. If Manuel refers to Aguinaldo as Goyo’s “idol”, what is his judgement
of Goyo as a soldier?
Manuel Bernal compares Goyo to a dog who will follow anything that is being told to do.

3. Mabini asked if Aguinaldo is offering the Chief Justiceship to silence his criticisms
of Congress. Why was Mabini disliked by the Congress and the cabinet?
He has some profound, hurtful lines about his countrymen (still fitting for today’s
Congress). He calls Aguinaldo’s people a bunch of clowns. And given the behavior of a
populace with a propensity for a good time over serious affairs, Mabini declares not once
but twice that Filipinos deserve to be called children.

4. Gen. Jose Alejandrino negotiated a cease fire with Gen. Howell Otis. Why did the
dialogue fail? What did Gen. Otis demand from the Philippine Republic?
 In a meeting between Aguinaldo’s emissary, General Alejandrino (Alvin Anson) and
American Generals Elwell Otis (Edward Rocha) and Arthur MacArthur (Miguel
Faustmann), the Americans have only the mindset that the Filipinos have a rogue
president, insinuating their army is illegitimate and the fledgling republic a sham to be
vanquished.

During the dinner, Otis mentioned that he couldn't accept the letter for Aguinaldo
signed it as the "President of the Republic" when the Americans would only accept him
as the "General-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Army". Alejandrino was with Ortiz as the
translator, wherein the previous answered that Aguinaldo can only free prisoners as
President according to their Constitution. Ortiz wondered if it was really on the
Constitution, to which Alejandrino replied that he wasn't sure about it as well. After
consulting MacArthur, Otis agreed to accept the letter, and MacArthur suggested that
it would be best if all Filipinos will surrender already. Alejandrino replied that it was
like they were asking him to betray his dignity and his nation, and that he would consult
with Aguinaldo over the matter first. MacArthur ended the discussion by handing
money to them for all their troubles, but Alejandrino said that there wasn't any need
for it. Otis remarked that at one point, the Filipinos will say that the Americans was the
best thing that happened to the Philippines. They were given safe passage across
American lines good for twenty-four hours, and they were expected to leave afterwards.

5. Do you agree with Mabini’s assessment of our political maturity, sense of duty and
sense of common good? How is this in keeping with the main theme of the film?

6. In two separate scenes, Joven Hernando wrote the following musings in his diary.
Compare these lines with Manuel Bernal’s discourse on idolatry in Aguinaldo (2017).
What do you think is Goyo telling us about hero-worship? Why did Joven tell his
father that “we no longer need heroes but soldiers”?
 7. In the Face of an American attack in the Pangasinan, President Aguinaldo General
Goyo visited the Department of War Headquarters in Bayambang to seek an
audience with General Alejandrino. When the President said that they will start
waging a “guerilla war fare” to meet the demands of the military situation. General
Alejandrino remarked “I have heard of that plan” (“narinig ko na yan”) Why did he
say this?

8. What was President Aguinaldo’s reply to General Alejandrino’s inquiry on the real
story of General Luna’s assassination?
"Mabuti naman at alam mong may pinaglalaban tayo, dahil lahat ng desisyon ko ay dala
ng pangangailangan. Ilagay mo ang sarili mo sa puwesto ko at mamili ka: si Luna o ako?"

9. Share your thoughts on Lt. Garcia’s remark on the importance of defending our
country.

10. What did Goyo means when he said that they are “soldiers who are filled with love
and not hate”?

Goyo's arc eventually resolves in the realization that love can extend beyond self-interest and
romance on a personal level, to a patriotic love that motivates soldiers in a literal war. I thought
this was a very optimistic way of dealing with war. This is delineated on a grander level by Mabini
when he criticizes Aguinaldo for being a slave to his personal interest instead of serving the
country. Goyo sums it up best during the Battle at Tirad Pass: "Walang mga bayani sa bundok na
ito. Tayo ay mga sundalo na puno ng pag-ibig, hindi ng galit." Let love motivate you, not hate.
Fight for something, not just against something else.