Topic: Political Dimension of Globalization
● What is Nation-State?
● Rise and Dominance of Nation-State
● Nation-State in Decline
● Nation-State in the Globalizing World
● Regionalism
● Global Civil Society
● Global Governance
Members:
Adriano, Marry Eleina
Aquino, Allysa Mae
Garcia, Ramon Miguel
Gorospe, Roshane
Manalo, Kyle Hyden
Manzano, Eloisa
Tapang, Marion
Keywords: Nation-state, Rise of English Nation-
State, Fall of Spanish Nation-State, French Nation-
State, Rise of Modern-State, Political Globalization,
Intensification Nation-State, same culture, nation,
refugees, Multinational State, no ethnic group
dominates, City-State, smaller than a nation, Empire,
single monarch, Confederation, league of sovereign
states, Federated State, may or may not be a Nation-
State, Globalization, Pandemic, Communications
revolution, Green movement, Occupy movement,
Regionalism, regionalism at national level,
regionalism at international level, Global
Governance, Criticism of Global Governance,
Jurisdictional Gap, Incentive Gap, Participation Gap,
Knowledge Gap, Normative Gap, Policy Gap,
Institutional Gap, Compliance Gap
___________________________________________
Definition of terms
Nation-State - state in which the great majority
shares the same culture and is conscious of it. Nation
in the sense of a common ethnicity may include a
diaspora or refugees who live outside the nation-state.
a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are
relatively homogeneous in factors such as language
or common descent.
A nation-state may be contrasted with:
Multinational State, City-State, Empire,
Confederation, and Federated State
Globalization - the word used to describe the
growing interdependence of the world’s economies,
cultures, and populations brought about by cross-
border trade in goods and services, technology, and
flows of investment, people, and information.
Political Globalization - the intensification and
expansion of political interrelations around the globe.
Aspects of Political Globalization - modern-nation
state system and its changing place in today’s world,
the role of global governance and the direction of our
global political systems.
Magna Carta - a document constituting a
fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.
Peace of Westphalia - European settlements of 1648,
which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War
between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase
of the Thirty Years’ War. It contained language that
recognized statehood and nationhood, clearly defined
boundaries, and guarantees of security.
Global Governance or World Governance - is a
movement towards political cooperation among
transnational actors, aimed at negotiating responses to
problems that affect more than one state or region.
Pandemic - is the worldwide spread of a new
disease.
Communications Revolution - everybody from
everywhere is connected to anywhere and anytime. It
is the timeline of how communications are done in
different eras.
Green Movement - a popular movement urging
production and use of environmentally harmless
consumer goods. Green politicians would curb
economic and population growth and protect the
natural environment.
Occupy Movement - was an international
progressive socio-political movement that expressed
opposition to social and economic inequality and to
the perceived lack of "real democracy" around the
world. It aimed primarily to advance social and
economic justice and new forms of democracy.
Multinational Corporations - challenge nation-
states to confront the unique issue of foreign direct
investments, forcing nation-states to determine how
much international influence they allow in their
economies.
Regionalism - an ideology that highlights the local
identity, the need for independent regional planning
and administrative freedom.
Regionalism at the International level -
transnational cooperation to meet a common goal or
to resolve a shared problem or it refers to a group of
countries such as-Western Europe, or Southeast Asia,
linked by geography, history or economic features.
Regionalism at the National level - a process in
which sub-state actors become increasingly powerful,
power devolves from central level to regional
governments
Global Society - societies of the world considered as
a single entity as a result of globalization.
Civil Society - a society considered as a community
of citizens linked by common interests and collective
activity. It is the organization within a society that
works to promote the common good, usually taken to
include state-run institutions, families, charities, and
community groups.
The Global Civil Society - networks of citizens and
non-governmental, non-profit organizations (NGOs)
and associations that combine efforts to engage in
social, political, and economic reform on the local,
national, and international levels with the intent
advancing societal interests and the quality of life
through non-violent practices.
Global Governance - examines gaps in the
international system for managing complex issues.
Discussion
In the Industrial Revolution, the rise and
dominance of Europe’s economy and military
colonized the entire world. The English, American,
and French Revolutions limited the powers of
monarchs. Democracy, Liberty, Equality, and
Fraternity became the new standards of government
and society. A new attachment to one’s nation,
culture, language, and religion produced powerful
forces of Nationalism. All of these contributed to new
ideologies in the 20th century such as Fascism,
Socialism, and Communism.
The role of the nation-state in a global world
is largely a regulatory one as the chief factor in global
interdependence. While the domestic role of the
nation-state remains largely unchanged, states that
were previously isolated are now forced to engage
with one another to set international commerce
policies. Through various economic imbalances,
these interactions may lead to diminished roles for
some states and exalted roles for others.
Globalization is generally recognized as the
fading or complete disappearance of economic,
social, and cultural borders between nation-states.
Some scholars have theorized that nation-states,
which are inherently divided by physical and
economic boundaries, will be less relevant in a
globalized world.
To understand regionalism, we need to know
various dimensions of the region. Region as a
geographical unit is delimited form each other.
Region as a social system reflects the relation
between different human beings and groups. Regions
are organized cooperation in cultural, economic,
political or military fields. Region acts as a subject
with a distinct identity, language, culture, and
tradition. Regionalism is an ideology and political
movement that seeks to advance the causes of
regions. As a process, it plays a role within the nation
as well as outside the nation i.e. at the international
level. Both types of regionalism have different
meanings and have positive as well as negative
impacts on society, polity, diplomacy, economy,
security, culture, development, negotiations, etc.
Criticism of Global Governance according to
the World Health Organization supports the idea of
neo-liberalism and reduces the role of the state.
According to the World Health Organization there are
3 primary gaps exist: (1) Jurisdictional gap between
the increasing the need for global governance, (2)
Incentive gap between the need for international
cooperation and motivation to undertake it, and (3)
Participation gap which refers to the fact that
international cooperation remains primarily the affair
of governments.
5 Gaps according to Thakur & Weiss 2015):
(1) Knowledge gap is important to have resources to
investigate the issue, (2) Normative Gap important to
establish and develop norms to address the problem,
(3) Policy Gap related to the specifically policies that
one can implement to address the problem, (4)
Institutional Gap are any challenges of implementing
any policies, and (5) Compliance Gap final
challenges that include effective implementation as
well as enforcement
Due to the different definitions and changing
ideas of globalization, the nation-state's function in
globalization is a complicated one in part. Some
scholars have theorized that nation-states in a
globalized globe will be less important, inherently
separated by physical and economic limits. While
progressively decreased obstacles to international
trade and communication are sometimes viewed as a
potential threat to nation-states, such developments
have occurred throughout history. Another potential
impact is for nation-states to examine their financial
policies in light of the many difficulties and
possibilities presented by multinational corporations
and other international trade organizations. In
specific, multinational companies challenge nation-
states to address the distinctive problem of foreign
direct investment, forcing nation-states to determine
how much global impact they enable in their
economies.
Insights
Gorospe: Political Globalization usually talks about
the growth of the political system worldwide. It is
very important because people should be aware that
sometimes we should not just focus on growth but we
should also accelerate and build a formation of the
United Nation. Nation-State is relevant because
people usually share their national identity based on
common culture with those people who surround
them in their territory.
Manalo: Borders may just be an idea of the past. As
we move into the 21st century, in Europe, the national depending on the farmers who are working hard to
borders have little meaning because all citizens can earn crops of rice & wheat. We are slowly gradually
travel, work and live freely as long as the country growing more dependent on globalization that we are
they’re moving in is part of the European Union. forgetting where we came from or our own identity.
Furthermore, many citizens are not aware of what Nation-state is still relevant because it serves as a
citizenship and borders really mean. Instead of balancing point because what about our own
working together to bring out the greatness at products, own language, etc. It serves as a reminder
everyone else, instead of nurturing friendship and that we have something to contribute as well to other
partnership across imaginary borders, we subject to countries, not just them contributing to us.
our human emotions. We must unite for a progressive
country so that future generations may enjoy and
benefit from it.
Garcia: Globalization and nation-states, for me, are
not really against each other. Both can co-exist with
one another and the present time itself is proof for
this. However, they tend to tip beyond balance and
therefore, as variables living inside both phenomena,
we are the ones responsible for keeping these two
intact. We can harness the benefits that they offer
both without sacrificing anything by keeping nation-
states’ identities while maintaining a healthy
relationship with others to nurture globalization.
Adriano: Regionalism could actually have a great
effect on Globalization for me. Especially at the
International level because people from other
countries get to experience education. For the
national level, I think some people or groups want to
have their own government is because of the
difference between cultures and traditions. Also, there
are cities and places wherein food, proper education,
health are not given. Sometimes it is given but it is
not enough. That’s why I think Regionalism has its
benefits and downsides you just need to choose
whether the government approves or accepts it, or
not.
Aquino: Global civil society is a great help to our
society. It unites the people for a certain cause. It
helps people to build camaraderie. Global civil
society is important in a country because it
undertakes diverse ambitions such as eradicating
poverty, promoting democracy, resolving social
conflict, preventing environmental degradation, and
protecting human rights.
Mansano: Global Governance is helpful in order to
solve the problems and issues of the world as a
whole. But in my opinion, it may lead to
Neoliberalism which tax and regulations are
minimized and public services are getting privatized
it only means that country who needs help from the
international community are taking advantage.
Tapang: So basically, Nation-state in Globalization is
slowly fading through the course of time. Because
countries, for example, the rice issue with the
government here in the Philippines, they want other
countries to send rice stock here so we will not be