CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
ALUYOG | IBANEZ | NAVARRA
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
ECOLOGY
Population
Community
Ecosystem
A study of the relationships
ROLE OF HUMANS between living organisms,
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY including humans, and their
BEHAVIOURAL
ECOLOGY physical environment;
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
ECOLOGY
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Seeks to understand the vital
ROLE OF HUMANS connections between plants and
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY animals and the world around
BEHAVIOURAL
ECOLOGY them.
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
ECOLOGY
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Also provides information about
ROLE OF HUMANS the benefits of ecosystems and
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY how we can use Earth’s
BEHAVIOURAL
ECOLOGY resources in ways that leave the
Group Selection
Altruism environment healthy for future
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment generations.
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
ECOLOGY
Population
Community Those who study ecology are
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS ECOLOGISTS.
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
BEHAVIOURAL They study these relationships
ECOLOGY
Group Selection among creatures and habitats of
Altruism
Living in Groups
many different sizes from
Resource Assessment microscopic to the complex systems
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR of organisms
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
INDIVIDUAL
Population
Community An organism is a single, living thing
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS and can be an animal, a plant, or a
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
fungus. Each organism grow and
BEHAVIOURAL respond to their environment.
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
POPULATION
Population
Community A population is the term we use to
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS describe multiple individuals or
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
organisms of a single species that
BEHAVIOURAL live within a particular geographic
ECOLOGY
Group Selection area.
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
COMMUNITY
Population
Community Populations of organisms of different
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS species that interact with one
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
another.
BEHAVIOURAL
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
ECOSYSTEM
Population
Community The term used to describe both the
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving)
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
factors in a system.
BEHAVIOURAL
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
ROLE OF
HUMANS
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
BEHAVIOURAL
This information can help us
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
improve our environment, manage
Altruism our natural resources, and protect
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment human health by first making us
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
realize its worth through specialties
AND OPTIMALITY IN within ecology.
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
BEHAVIORAL
Individual
Population
Examines the ecological factors that
Community drive behavioral adaptations - how
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS individuals find their food and avoid
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
their enemies.
BEHAVIORAL
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

GROUP SELECTION
ECOLOGY a type of natural selection that acts
Individual
Population collectively on all members of a group -
Community
Ecosystem selection in which traits evolve
ROLE OF HUMANS according to the fitness of groups.
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
Example: Cooperative hunting
BEHAVIORAL
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
ALTRUISM
Individual
Population
an act in which an animal sacrifices
Community its own well-being for the benefit of
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS another animal
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
BEHAVIORAL
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

LIVING IN
ECOLOGY
Individual
Population
Community
GROUPS
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS
living in groups helps some avoid
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
getting eaten by predators, join
BEHAVIORAL forces to take down big preys with
ECOLOGY
Group Selection effort and also help find more food.
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

RESOURCE
ECOLOGY
Individual
Population
Community
ASSESSMENT
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS
assess the condition of the
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
environment, provide an early
BEHAVIORAL warning signal of changes, or
ECOLOGY
Group Selection diagnose the cause of an
Altruism
Living in Groups environmental problem
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
Examples:
More rabbits than foxes = Eaten crops
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN Bees decline = loss of food and habitat
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ANIMAL
ECOLOGY
Individual
Population
COMMUNICATION
Community
Ecosystem
Transfer of information from one or
ROLE OF HUMANS
IN GLOBAL
a group of animals to one or more
ECOLOGY other animals that affects the
BEHAVIORAL
ECOLOGY current or future behavior of the
Group Selection
Altruism receivers.
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Example:
Animal Communication Fireflies glow to attract mates.
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
FORAGING
Population Foraging is fundamental to the lives of
Community
Ecosystem animals. Without food, life is short and
ROLE OF HUMANS
IN GLOBAL
unproductive. Animals employ tactics
ECOLOGY and strategies for finding their food.
BEHAVIORAL
ECOLOGY
Group Selection
Altruism
Living in Groups
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

ECOLOGY
Individual
STAGES
Population
Community
Ecosystem
A generalized search for
ROLE OF HUMANS appropriate habitat.
IN GLOBAL
ECOLOGY Search strategy to find the
BEHAVIORAL
ECOLOGY actual food items:
Group Selection (a) Sit and Wait
Altruism
Living in Groups
(b) Active Hunting
Resource Assessment
Animal Communication
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS
CJNAVARRA

OPTIMAL
FORAGING
ECOLOGY
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
ROLE OF HUMANS
IN GLOBAL Optimal foraging
ECOLOGY models attempt to
BEHAVIORAL predict the behavior of
ECOLOGY
Group Selection an animal while it
Altruism
Living in Groups
searches for food, a
Resource Assessment nesting site, or other
Animal Communication
key niche components.
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
AND OPTIMALITY IN
INDIVIDUALS