Weekly Assignment 1

1. What does the term "Mesopotamia" means?

- Between the rivers

2. Which of the following can be example to the Mesopotamian states or empires?

- All of them; a, b & c.

3. Why scribes had superior position in Mesopotamian society?

- Since cuneiform was difficult to learn, learning it scribes became the only class who could keep records
of the Mesopotamians.

4. What is the most important point in the codification of Hammurabi that affected the nature of ruling in
various countries in the following centuries?
- He entrusted the king divine right to rule

5. What was the political structure of Sumerian civilization?

- City state

6. What is the name of the Sumerian writing system?

- Cuneiform

7. What does the term polytheistic mean?

-Believing in more than one god.

Weekly Assignment 2
1. What is the most distinctive contribution of the Phoenicians to the humanity?
Their alphabet that became ancestor to the Greek and Latin alphabets.

2. Which religion emerged in the Middle East and challenged polytheism of the region?
Judaism

3. What was the political structure of the Egyptian Civilization?

Centralized

4. What was the name of the first known African state other than Egypt?
Kush

5. What is the geographical location of Minoan Civilization?

Crete

6. Egyptians had written ...

a. on papyrus, which was a material made from a certain kind of plant.

7. Mycenaean people ...

Both a & b

8. The Hebrew people ...

were the Semitic language speaking people in the Mediterranean with Monotheistic religion, Judaism.

9. Which of the following gives the most accurate information about the Egyptian writing system?
The writing system appeared in Egypt about 3000 B.C.
10. Which of the following most accurately describes the literary traditions in Egyptian and Mesopotamian
civilizations?

Egyptians did not produce an epic tradition, unlike the Mesopotamians.

11. The image in the below ancient coin depicts

Cleopatra

12. Which of the following gives the most accurate information about the Egyptian writing system?

Both a & b

Weekly Assignment 3
1. The group that invaded India as early as 1600 B.C was the
Aryans

2. Which of the below is not among the reasons of the collapse of the Harrappa civilization?
Civil wars and social unrest.

3. Why did the Harappans were open to invasions by other civilizations?

Poor weaponry

4. Who were the religious leaders/highest priests in ancient India?

Brahmans

5. The Harappan civilization developed along what river valley system?

Indus

6. What is the name given to the sacred book in ancient India?

Vedas

7. What was the first civilization to emerge in the Indian subcontinent?

Aryan

8. The two river systems serving as the basis for India's civilization were the
Indus and Ganges

9. Which mountain range carved out the Indus River system?

The Himalayas

Weekly Assignment 4
1. What is Analects?
- Sayings of Confucius

2. Why did large territorial states emerge in China?

-all the answers, a, b & c

3. Ancient Chinese people wrote on the

-. tortoise shells, animal bones, bronze

4. What was the political structure of China in the Bronze Age?

- City state
 5-Around which river the irrigation systems were established in China?
- Yellow river

6. What did Confucius criticize?

Cruelty, disorder, and discord in the Chinese society

7. What was the name of the kingdom that was established in China in the early Bronze Age?
Shang

8. Which dynasty did provide political unification of China after the foundation of various territorial states?
Qin

9. Around which river the irrigation systems were established in China?

Yellow River

10. The first records of China begin in the dynastic period of ...
Shang

11. What did Confucius criticize?

Supreme being

12. Why did large territorial states emerge in China?

All answers

13. political structure of China in the Bronze Age?

Centralized

14. What is Shangdi?

The name of the first king of ancient china

Weekly Assignment 5
1. In which century did the Greeks reach demos?

5th century B.C.

2. What does Greek Dark Ages (1100-800 B.C) mean?

The era when Dorians invaded the mainland of Greece

3. Which of the following most accurately describes the main difference between Athens and Sparta?

While military, strict discipline and aristocratic rule dominated in Sparta; direct democracy and commercial
values dominated in Athens.

4. Who was Cyrus the Great?

Persian ruler who established massive Persian Empire in 550 B.C. and began to attack Greek city states

5. What is hoplite phalanx?

Armed soldier in Ancient Greece

 6. What does polis mean in Greek?

City

7. What were the two leading city states in Ancient Greek Civilization?

Athens and Sparta

8. Why did Cyrus the Great want to capture Greek city states?

In order to obtain the wealth and trade networks of the Greek civilization

9. What is hoplite phalanx?

Armed soldier in Ancient Greece

10. What was the key stimulus for the revival of Greek Civilization after its “dark ages”?
Trade

11. The winner of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) was ..

- Athens

12. Who was Cyrus the Great?

d. Persian ruler who established massive Persian Empire in 550 B.C. and began to attack Greek city
states

13. Demos means

for people

14. Which of the following most accurately describes the main difference between Athens and Sparta?

While military, strict discipline and aristocratic rule dominated in Sparta; direct democracy and commercial
values dominated in Athens.

15. Which of the following most accurately describes the differences the period between 700 and 500 B.C
in greek civilization ?

Economic and social problems dominated ancient greek city states and tyranny was established

Weekly Assignment 6
1. What does "aristocracy" mean?
Rule of the best

2. What does agora mean in the ancient Greek cities?

Market and gathering place

3. What did the Greek philosopshers suggest people in the ancient times?
Making rational observation was necessary in order to understand nature and society

4. In the ancient Greek society, it was believed that Apollo was

the god of the sun and light in the Greek mythology

5. What did classical Greek philosophy stress in order to understand universe?

observation and skepticism
 6. In ancient Greece, people believed that ...
certain gods regulated natural forces and established social order

7. What are "Iliad" and "Odyssey"?

Homer’s two great epics, in which he told about the Trojan war and narrated features of the Greek society

8. It is believed that the writer of Iliad and Odyssey was ...

Homer

9. Why Greek temples always face east?

To make the rising sun light the statues inside

10. In the ancinet Greek society, it was believed that Poseidon was
the god of sea, inspiring war or human love & beauty in the Greek mythology

11. Which Greek philosopher was accused of teaching doubt and skepticism and sentenced to death in
399 B.C?
Socrates

12. The religion in ancient Greece was ...

Polytheistic

13. What are the three orders of the classical Greek architecture, which dominated the language of the
modern architecture?
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Weekly Assignment 7
1. Who established a civilization in Italy in pre-Roman period?
- Greek

2. Who was Marcus Licinius Crassus?

- A consul in the Roman Republic

3. Rome’s expansionist policies led to

- the emergence polarization and conflict in the society between rich and poor, land owner and landless

4. Who was Tiberius Gracchus?

- The tribune, who suggested land reform and social legislation in favor of poor and gained support of
ordinary people.

5. The Roman Republic captured Carthage and its colonies between 264 and 146 B.C in the wars called
- Punic Wars

6. Who was Tiberius Gracchus?

The tribune, who suggested land reform and social legislation in favor of poor and gained support of
ordinary people.

7. The Roman expansion led to

. serious economic and social problems for the people of the Empire

8. Who was in conflict with the consul Marius in the Roman Republic?
Sulla
 9. Who was Marcus Licinius Crassus?
A consul in the Roman Republic

10. What does Punic mean?

Phoenician

11. The language of the Etruscans was

not Indo-European

12. In order to consolidate its power in western Mediterranean, the Romans had to:
conquer Carthage

13. Which consul declared himself dictator in the Roman Republic to make reforms in the Roman
government in 88 B.C.?
Marius

14. Which area did Roman Republic capture in order to consolidate its power in the Western
Mediterranean?
Carthage and its colonies

15. What is the name of the Roman alphabet?

-Latin

16. The Roman expansion led to

serious economic and social problems for the people of the Empire

17. Who was in conflict with the consul Marius in the Roman Republic?
Sulla

Weekly Assignment 8
1. The religion of the Roman people during the Roman Republic was ...
-Polytheistic

2. Which of the following most accurately describes the situation in Rome in the years following the death
of Julius Caesar?
-Roman Empire was in chaos, there were series of civil wars in the Middle Eastern and Egyptian lands of
the Empire.

3. Who did say “I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble”?
-Augustus Caesar

4. What is the name of the river that the Germanic tribes attacked to the Roman domains from west?
-Rhine

5. Which of the following is not an example for Roman architecture?

-Parthenon in Athens

6. Which of the following did indicate the problems of the Roman Empire?
All the answers; a, b & c

7. Which of the following most accurately describes Diocletian’s ruling?

 Two of the answers; a & c

8. Which of the following did not indicate the problems of the Roman Empire after 180 B.C?
Increase in the welfare of the peasants

9. By the 3rd century, many peasants surrendered their land to the big land lords in order to have military
and judicial protection against the rules of imperial rule and invaders. This meant
Growing decentralized power

10. What is the name of the river that the Germanic tribes attacked to the Roman domains from west?
Rhine

11. Which of the following most accurately describes the impact of the invasions on the Western part of
the Roman Empire?
Both A & B

Weekly Assignment 9
1. Which of the following is true for Mecca?
All the answers; a, b & c

2. What did happen to the Abbasid rule after the influential caliph Harun's death?
Various civil wars broke out among his sons and authority of caliphs was deteriorated

3. Who did drive out Arab armies from the French border in 732?
Charles Martel

4. Which adversary empires’ weakness contributed to the spread of Islam?

Sassanian and Byzantine Empire

5. Conquering Syria and capturing capital city Damascus, who did end the Umayyad Empire?
Abbasids

6. What did the Quraysh Treaty provide?

It ended the conflict between the followers of the prophet Muhammad and the Quraysh merchants

7. Which of the following can be regarded as the contribution of the Abbasids to humanity?
All of the answers; a, b, c

8. Which of the following most accurately describes the ruling characteristics of the Abbasid Empire?
All the answers; a, b & c

9. What does the word Shia mean?

Followers of Ali

10. What did happen to the Abbasid rule after the influential caliph Harun's death?
Various civil wars broke out among his sons and authority of caliphs was deteriorated

11. Which of the following most accurately describes the ruling characteristics of the Umayyad Empire?
Two of the answers; a & b

12. Which of the following is NOT true for Mecca?

Mecca is located in the mountainous region along the Tigris.
 13. What was the reason of the conflict that led to a war between the forces of Ali and Muawiye?
The succession for the Islamic leadership

14. Which wars did eliminate rival clans against Islam and provide consolidation of the Islamic
community?
Ridda

15. This conflict between Ali’s followers and Umayyads is called

Sunni and Shia split

16. Which of the Abbasid rulers was in contact with Charlemagne?

Harun

17. Which of the following most accurately describes the principle of succession for being caliph in Islam?
There was no established rules

18. Ali Fethi Okyar tried to take the measures in order to suppress Sheikh Said Rebellion.
true

19. The 1991 Persian Gulf War triggered a dramatic shift in US policy toward the Kurds.
true

20. Sheikh Said rebellion was a small-scale Kurdish rebellion that emerged soon after the foundation of
the Republic of Turkey.
false

21. Kurdish population predominantly is living in

a,b and c

22. The Kurdish population in Turkey constitutes a majority in the southeastern Anatolian provinces which
are located on the border of Syria, Iraq and Iran.
true

Weekly Assignment 10
1. Under the rule of which Byzantine emperor the city’s fortification walls was built from 408 to 450?
Thedosius II

2. What was the most important decision of the Council of Nicaea?

Trinity was approved as the official religous doctrine of the empire

3. What was the aim of the construction of Constantinople's fortification walls between 408 and 450?
In order to defend the city against Hun attacks

4. With whose invasions did the Byzantine Empire struggle with between 5th and 11th centuries?
Huns, Persians, Arabs, Bulgarians, Russians

5. Which of the following is NOT among the events that occurred in the Byzantine Empire between 6th
and 10th centuries?
Latins invaded Constantinople in the 4th crusade
6. Under the reign of which Byzantine emperor Hagias Sophia was constructed in the form that we see
today?
Justinian

7. What was iconoclasm ?

Rejection of using icons during the Christian worship in the Orthodox Church

8. Who did siege and seriously threat Constantinople in the middle of the 7th and early 8th century?
arabs

9. What does the Great Schism of 1054 mean?

The split between Eastern and Western Churches

10. Where was Constantine Great buried?

Church of the holy apostles

MORE
- hattutas present day boğazköy was …
CAPITAL CITY OF THE HITTITE EMPIRE

Which one of these names is not an Ancient Greek Philosopher?

Cyrus the Greatr

Croesus was the powerful king of ...

Lydian Kingdom

whose army defeated lydian and babylonian kingdom and proceeded to the west?
CYRUS THE GREAT

who invaded the lydiak kingdom ?

persians

when and under whose rule did the hittites defeat Babylonian empire ?

during the old kingdom period ci ( 1620 – 1590 BC ) under the rules of mursiuls

Who were the Dorians?

c. A group of Indo-European speaking people who invaded the mainland of Greece around 1100 B.C.

2.What did happen in Constantinople between 1204 and 1261?

-Latins established a short lasted Latin Kingdom

Who did fight in the Milvian Bridge War?

a. Constantine- Maxentius

What was the aim of the Delian League?

c. To fight and resist against the Persian invasions