LDH (lactase dehydrogenase)

“it is an enzyme nearly present in every cell of the body as it provides energy by
converting lactate to pyruvate by conversion of NAD+ to NADH. As the name
indicates that this enzyme transfers the hydride from one molecule to another”

Normal value
Less than 50% in blood plasma
140-280 units per liter
May be high in teens and children

Interpretations
If LDH increased
1.empyema
It is a condition in which pus is collected in pleural cavity

2.malignant effusion
It is a condition in which cancer cause an abnormal amount of fluid in pleural cavity

3.rheumatoid effusion
It is a condition in which inflammation occurs and abnormal peural fluid level is
observed. Rupturing of nodules can also lead to this condition that are caused due
to rheumatoid arthritis.

4.pleural paragonimiasis
It Is a pleural effusion caused by a parasitic worm known as fluke paragonimus.
Since the life cycle is completed in lungs so they primarily attack lungs. Despite of
that they can infect other organs also like brain and kidney. The eggs are needed to
be eradicate for this purpose we have to diagnose it correctly.

Amylase
Normal value
23-85 units per liter
This may vary in some labs
Upto 140 units per liter

1
Interpretations
If amylase is increased
1.pancreatitis
It is inflammation of pancrease

2. pancreatic tumor
Abnormal cell division of pancreas can lead to high level of amylase