What are liver enzymes?
Enzyme is a chemical that accelerates (speeds up) chemical
reactions within the body. There are several enzymes in the liver,
including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase
(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl
transpeptidase (GGT). Elevated liver enzymes, found with a blood
test, indicate inflamed or injured liver cell
A chart showing the levels of liver enzymes in case of a Increase
and Decrease:
Enzyme Increased Enzyme
( ALT) 1. Increase level affecting other parts of
the body. Nevertheless, injury to organs
other than the liver, such as the heart and
skeletal muscle, can cause elevations of
ALT. For example, small increases may
be seen with skeletal muscle damage
or heart attack
(AST) 1. A high AST level is a sign of liver
damage, but it can also mean you have
damage to another organ that makes it,
like your heart or kidney
2. Typically the range for normal AST is
reported between 10 to 40 units per liter
and ALT between 7 to 56 units per liter.
Mild elevations are generally considered
to be 2-3 times higher than the normal
range. In some conditions, these enzymes
can be severely elevated, in the 1000s
rang
) ALP( 1. High levels may also indicate an issue
related to the bones such as rickets,
Decreased Enzyme
1. A low level of ALT in the blood
is expected and is normal. Liver
disease is the most common reason
for higher than normal levels
of ALT. Very high levels
of ALT (more than 10 times
normal) are usually due to acute
hepatitis, sometimes due to a viral
hepatitis infect
1. Low levels of AST in the blood
are expected and are normal. Very
high levels of AST (more than 10
times normal) are usually due to
acute hepatitis, sometimes due to a
viral infection. ... In most types of
liver disease, the ALT level is
higher than AST and the AST/ALT
ratio will be low 
1. Low levels having lower-than-
normal ALP levels in your blood is
 Paget's disease, bone cancer, or an
overactive parathyroid gland. In rare
cases, high ALP levels can indicate heart
failure, kidney cancer, other cancer,
mononucleosis, or bacterial infection
))GGT High levels of GGT in the blood could .1
indicate that the enzyme is leaking out of
the liver cells and into the blood,
suggesting damage to the liver or bile
ducts. A typical range for GGT levels in
adults and children is between 0 and 30
international units per liter (IU/L)
2. Some of the conditions that result in
increased GGT include:
 overuse of alcohol.
 chronic viral hepatitis.
 lack of blood flow to the liver.
 liver tumor.
 cirrhosis, or scarred liver.
 overuse of certain drugs or other
toxins.
 heart failure.
 diabetes
rare, but it can indicate
malnutrition, which could be caused
by celiac disease or a deficiency in
certain vitamins 
1.They may also be caused
by alcohol abuse, alcoholic liver
disease, or use of drugs that are
toxic to the liver. A low or normal
GGT test result indicates that it is
unlikely that you have liver
disease or have consumed
any alcohol
cardiovascular disease and .2
diabetes, as well as all-cause
mortality in both men and women,
when GGT concentrations exceeded
the lowest 25% of normal
.population ranges