SCIENCE REVIEWER 3RD QUARTER

NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Parts of Central Nervous System- Brain and Spinal Cord
 Peripheral Nervous System-the main role is to connect the brain, spinal cords, organs, limbs and skin.
 The most important role of the of the nervous system is to controls and communicates information in the entire body.
 Parts of the Nerve or Neuron-Axon, Nerve Cell body, Dendrites

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 Testosterone-hormones that responsible for the determination of secondary sexual characteristics in males.
 Effects of estrogen and progesterone in the body of female-Regulate the development and functions of the uterus.
 Effect of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in male and in female-Male: LH regulates the secretion of testosterone by the
Leydig cells. Female: LH is responsible for triggering the ovulation of a mature ovarian follicle.
 What will happen if a person having Hypocalcemia-the Parathyroid gland will secrete more parathormone.
 Negative feedback that is happening when there is Hypoglycemia - Pancreas (Glucagon) - Liver-Breakdown of
Glycogen-Increased Blood Sugar Level

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 The menstrual cycle is the result of the female body preparing for pregnancy.
 Uterus is part of the female reproductive system which menses originates.
 Proper arrangement of Menstrual Cycle
1. The pituitary gland controls and start the cycle.
2. The pituitary gland releases hormones that cause the egg in the ovary to mature.
3. The ovary releases an egg
4. The uterine lining continues to thicken.
5. The thickened uterine lining breaks off and leave the vagina.
 The Production of FSH will still happen to female even if the receptor cells of the ovary for FSH are not functioning
properly.
 When the testis produces high amount of testosterone far from the normal level, the Sertoli cells will produce the
hormone inhibin in response to high levels of testosterone that will provide negative feedback to anterior pituitary
gland.
 Evaporative Cooling is a negative feedback mechanism of the body when the temperature of the surrounding is above
normal.

HERIDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

 Structural difference between DNA and RNA- DNA is doubled stranded while RNA is single stranded.
 The transcription process occurs when the nucleotide sequence along the DNA to a strand of RNA-DNA → RNA
 DNA molecule with the base sequence C-C-G-T-C-T-A-C-C

mRNA CODON G-G-C-A-G-A-U-G-G

Amino Acid Alanine-Arginine-Tryptophan

  Gene mutation is a permanent change in the base sequence of DNA.

A permanent heritable alteration of the base sequence of DNA.

 Insertion is a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

 Fossil Records-animal remains from the past that were saved by natural processes or catastrophic events.
 Comparative Anatomy-the study of animal body types to understand how they changed over time from similar
ancestors to adapt to their environment.
 Evolution-is an idea that species are interconnected and undergo progressive transformation throughout time.
 The Theory of evolution independently develop by Charles Darwin Alfred Wallace
 The Theory of Natural Selection explain that an organism with strong qualities is more likely to survive than one
with weaker traits.
 Biodiversity- the variety of species present in each habitat.
 A sunflower farm is an environment with a high species abundance but low species diversity.
 Carrying capacity is the maximum number of species that may live together in each location.
 An ecosystem's stability rises with more biodiversity is a statement most accurately sums up the connection between
biodiversity and environmental stability.