EMILIO AGUINALDO

Term:1899-1901
First President of the Philippines
First President of the First Republic of the Philippines
Type of Administration: Dictatorial Republic, Revolutionary
Government

In 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo achieved the independence of the

Philippines from Spain and was elected as the first president of the
new republic under the Malolos Congress. Led the Philippine-
American War against U.S resistance to Philippine independence.

Contributions and Achievements:

● first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolos Republic)
● signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and Philippine
revolutionaries
● known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
● led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine War
● youngest president, taking office at age 28
● longest-lived president, passing away at 94

Laws and Programs:

● First Philippine Republic
● Philippine Declaration of Independence
● 1899 Malolos Constitution
● Established Veterans of the Revolution
 MANUEL L. QUEZON

Term: 1935-1944
Second President of the Philippines
First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
Type of Administration: Commonwealth Republic

After 34 years of Insular Government under American rule,

Philippine voters elected Manuel Luis Quezon first president of
the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He is known as the
“Father of National Language” (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa). He
died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.

Contributions and Achievements:

● first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines
● first president elected through a national election
● first president under the Commonwealth
● created National Council of Education
● initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
● approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines
● brought home the Tydings-McDuffie Independence Law in 1934

Laws and Programs:

● 1935 Constitution
● Government Reorganization
● Commonwealth Act No. 20
● Jones Law
● Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933
● Executive Order no. 19
● Residence Certificate Law
● Issued Executive Order No. 134, s. 1937
● Executive Order No. 144
● Immigration Law
 MANUEL A. ROXAS
Term: 1946–1948
Fifth President of the Philippines
First President of the Third Philippine Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

Served as the third and last President of the Commonwealth

of the Philippines from May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946,
subsequently becoming the first President of the
independent Third Philippine Republic after the United States
ceded its sovereignty over the Philippines. His administration
demonstrated decisively that political sovereignty without
economic independence encourages reaction, perpetuation
of social injustices, and exploitation.

Contributions and Achievements:

• Roxas was successful in obtaining rehabilitation funds from America to repair what has
been destroyed in the Philippine
• He ruled as President from the Philippines' independence from the United States of
America
• Prior to the Philippine national elections of 1946, at the height of the last Commonwealth
elections, Roxas became Liberal Party’s candidate for President
• Inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II
• Reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his
presidency
• Obtain rehabilitation money to repair the country, the welfare and the nationalism of the
country and the countrymen were jeopardized.
• Roxas contributed greatly to the laying of the foundations of the Philippine independence,
as well as to its attainment. When the Pacific War broke out, he displayed more of his
multifaceted characters when he volunteered for military service in defense of the country.
During the Japanese Occupation he refused to cooperate with the Japanese military
forces by faking illness and evading major services. Still, he served in various other tasks
in the interest of the Filipinos.
Laws and Programs:
• The approval of the Bell Trade Act (The Philippine Rehabilitation Act and the Philippine
Trade Act the US congress offered 800 million dollars as rehabilitation money in exchange
for this. The act states that U.S. citizens and corporations were granted equal access to
the natural resources of the country.
• Treaty of General Relations recognizing Philippine independence as of July 4, 1946
includes establishment of US bases and hand over American sovereignty over the
Philippines
• Under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were
accepted by Congress
 ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO
Term: 1948 - 1953
Sixth President of the Philippines
Second President of the Third Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

Elpidio Rivera Quirino was a Filipino politician, and the

sixth President of the Philippines. A lawyer by profession,
Quirino entered politics when he became a representative
of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925. President Quirino tried his
best to improve the economic and social conditions of the
country. He adopted a "total mobilization program" aimed
at using the total resources, credit facilities, and technical
knowledge to achieve economic progress

Contributions and Achievements:

• Revived former president Quezon’s “fireside chats” which updated the people about the
government via live radio broadcast from the Malacanang palace.
• He also concluded peace with Japan and granted amnesty to HUKBALAHAP members
on June21, 1948. In his efforts he achieved many of his goals including; industrial ventures
heightened, irrigation improved, and the road system developed.
• President Quirino also created the Social Security Commission, making Social Welfare
Commissioner Asuncion Perez chairman of the same.
• Creation of the President's Action Committee on Social Amelioration, charges with
extending aid, loans, and relief to the less fortunate citizens.
Laws and Programs:
• The establishment of the Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration
(ACCFA) to help farmers market their crops and save them from usurers.
• The establishment of rural banks in the provinces to give load to farmers at low interest
rates.
• The creation of new government agencies to handle labor problems and to take care of
and distribute relief to poor families as well as to the victims of natural disasters such as
fires, floods, and typhoons.
• The conclusion of the Quirino-Foster Agreement to further intensify the economic
development of the country. This agreement provided for a Philippine-American
partnership in the economic development of the country
• Executive Order No. 355 which replaced the National Land Settlement Administration
with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over the
responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and
Corn Production Administration
 RAMON MAGSAYSAY
Term: 1953 – 1957
Seventh President of the Philippines
Third President of the Third Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

To help the rural masses was the focal point of the

populist administration of President Ramon Magsaysay.
He was the first Philippine president born during the 20th
century and the first to be born after the Spanish colonial
era.

Contributions and Achievements:

● Included Philippines in the foundation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
(Manila Pact of 1954) - which aimed to defeat communist-Marxist movements in South
East Asia, South Asia and the Southwestern Pacific.
● Restored the people’s trust in the military and the government
● Magsaysay's administration was considered one of the cleanest and most corruption-free
in modern Philippines history.
● The period of his presidency is often cited as the Philippines's "Golden Years".
● The Philippines placed second on a ranking of Asia's clean and well-governed countries.
● Formed National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to help
stabilize the functions of Economic Development Corps (EDCOR).
● Established Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) which
goal was for this entity to make available rural credits.
● Headed an Agrarian Reform Program.
● Laurel-Langley Agreement which was a trade agreement between the Philippines and the
United States, this replaced the Bell Trade Act.
Laws and Programs:
● Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954
○ LASEDECO was abolished and established the National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Administration
○ Main goal was to resettle landless farmers, and aimed at the rebels who returned
to provide them with lots for home and farming in Palawan and Mindanao
● Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955)
○ Land Tenure Administration (LTA) were in charge of the possessing and
distributing tenanted rice and corn lands (200 hectares for individuals and 600
hectares for corporations)
● Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing
Administration)
○ Small farmers and tenants low interests of between six to eight percent with their
loans
● Reparation Agreement
○ An agreement between Japan and the Philippines to pay the latter five hundred
fifty million U.S. dollars ($550,000) as payment for the war damages of World War
II.
● Bell Trade Act of 1946 into the Laurel-Langley Agreement
○ It eradicated the authority of the United States to have control over the exchange
rate of the Philippines peso, parity privileges reciprocal, extended the sugar quota.
This agreement retained the economic subservience between the U.S. and the
Philippines.
● Agricultural Commodities Agreement with the U.S. (1957) - perpetuating the colonial
pattern of the nation’s economy
● Anti-subversion Law - limited the citizen’s democratic rights of assembly, free speech, and
belief.
 CARLOS P. GARCIA
Term: 1957 – 1961
Eighth President of the Philippines
Fourth President of the Third Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

President Garcia ran for the presidential elections of

1957. The incumbent president won the elections with 41.3%
of the electorate. It was the first time that a president was
elected by plurality of candidates instead of a majority vote.
It was also the first time where the elected president and vice
president did not come from the same political party—
President Garcia was a Nacionalista and Vice President
Diosdado Macapagal a Liberal.

Contributions and Achievements:

● The administration campaigned for the citizens’ support in patronizing Filipino products
and services, and implemented import and currency controls favorable for Filipino
industries
● Republic Cultural Awards - put emphasis on cultural revival, due to the colonization of
many countries he felt that the revival of the Filipino culture was needed. The award was
given to Filipino artists, scientists, historians and writers.
● Garcia administration focused on economic independence from foreign interests.
Laws and Programs:

● Filipino First Policy

○ This is the law that was passed by the Garcia administration, to give local
businessmen more priority over foreign investors. The government sector
would help local businessmen are entering industry that was filled with
foreign competitors and give them aid and sometimes financial assistance.
Products of Filipino businessmen were also preferred over foreign products.
● Bohlen–Serrano Agreement
○ The Bohlen-Serrano Agreement was the law that shortened the original 99
year lease of US bases here in the Philippines to 25 years, the agreement
was renewable for periods only up to 5 years.
● Austerity Program
○ The Austerity Program was implemented by Garcia in order to curt the
rampant graft and corruption within the country. The program centered on
wise spending, industry, thrift, trustworthiness, integrity and honesty. He
also urged people to avoid luxury items and to live a simple life and reminded
government officials and employees’ corruption destroys the people’s trust
in the government.
● The Anti Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (Republic Act No. 301) aimed to
prevent corruption, and promote honesty and public trust.
● Republic Act No. 1700 bill outlawing the Communist Party of the Philippines
on June 19, 1957.
 DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
Term: December 30, 1961- December 30, 1965
Type of Government: Democratic Government

He was the fifth president of the Third Republic of the

Philippines. He was born on Sept. 28, 1910, the son of
poor tenant farmers. In 1929 he entered the University
of the Philippines, where he received an associate in
arts degree in 1932. Meanwhile he worked part time
with the Bureau of Lands. Macapagal was constantly
forced to interrupt his schooling for lack of funds. His
brother-in-law Rogelio de la Rosa, with whom he acted
in and produced Tagalog operettas, helped him
continue his education. Macapagal entered the
University of Santo Tomas in Manila, receiving his
bachelor of laws degree in 1936, his master of laws
degree in 1941, and doctor of laws degree in 1947. He
also received a doctorate in economics in 1957. Best
known as the "Champion of the Common Man."

Contributions and Achievements:

● Opened Malacañang Palace, the presidential residence, to all the citizens.

● Dismissed corrupt officials and started court action against those who could not
explain their sudden acquisition of wealth.Changed Independence Day back to June
12 from July 4.
● Placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market.
● Created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank.
● Signed the Minimum Wage Law.
● Established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of private farmland
to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the landless.

Laws and Programs:

● Land Reform Program

○ The product of his concern for the impoverished majority was the Land
Reform Code of Aug. 8, 1963, which sought to replace the abusive and
unjust tenancy system inherited from colonial times by the leasehold system,
affording full government protection to the leaseholder. The positive result
obtained in 1966 demonstrated the value of the land reform program in
materially improving the local living conditions of the rural poor.
● Administrative Order No. 80 or the Minimum Wage Law
○ Since the enactment of the Republic Act No. 602 there has been no
substantial changes to the cost of living and other phases of the economic
life of our people which call for a revision and reexamination of the wages
fixed by law for our working class. Thus, this Administrative Order created a
committee to study and examine existing laws and regulations concerning
wages and make necessary recommendations for their amendment or
revision.
 FERDINAND E. MARCOS

Term: December 30, 1965- February 25, 1986

Type of Government: Democratic Government

(1st term), Authoritarian Government (2nd
term)

Tenth President of the Philippines

Sixth and Last President of the Third

Republic

First President of the Fourth Republic

He joined the military during WWII, fought in

Bataan and later joined the guerilla forces. He
was one of the legislators who had established a
record for introducing a number of significant
bills, many of which found their way into the
Republic statute books. He ran for the
presidency under the Nacionalista Party and
won. On his second term, he declared martial
law on September 21, 1972. After the People
Power revolution in February 1986, he was
ousted from power and lived in exile in Honolulu,
Hawaii.

Contributions and Achievements:

● Encouraged tourism, economic growth, foreign recognition, and discipline, which he

was able to attain during his first term
○ Renovation of Roads, Buildings, Public Works and other Infrastructures
○ Bridges
○ Biliran Bridge150 meters long of Leyte (1975)
○ Buntun Bridge 1369 meters long of Tuguegarao-Solana, Cagayan (1974)
○ Candaba Viaduct Pulilan 5000 meters long of Bulacan-San Simon,
Pampanga (1976)
○ Mactan-Mandaue Bridge 864 meters long of Lapu-Lapu-Mandaue, Cebu
(1972)
○ Magapit Suspension Bridge 449 meters long of Lal-lo, Cagayan (1978)
○ Mawo Bridge 280 meters long Victoria, Northern Samar (1970)
○ Patapat Viaduct 1300 meters long Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte (1986)
○ San Juanico Bridge 2060 meters long Tacloban, Leyte-Santa Rita, Samar
(1973)
● 108 state colleges in 20 years including:
○ Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University in La Union (1981)
○ University of Northern Philippines (1965)
○ Philippine State College of Aeronautics (1969)
○ Cagayan State University (1978)
○ Palawan State University (1965)
○ Palawan State University (1965)
○ Bicol University (1969)
○ Technological University of the Philippines (1971)
○ Central Mindanao University (1965)
○ University of Southeastern Philippines (1978)
○ Mindanao State University- Iligan (1968)
● 13th Month Pay
● Gov’t Reorganization Presidential Decree No. 1 – “Integrated Reorganization Plan
(dismiss corrupt officials) (a total of 6, 655 employees were dismissed
● Hospitals:
○ Specialty Hospitals – Philippine Heart Center, Lung Center, Kidney Institute,
Philippine Children Hospital
● Power Plants – geothermal plants, hydroelectric plants
● An International Airport
 ● Housing Projects
● Restorations – Intramuros, Luneta Park, etc…
● Philippine International Convention Center
● Makiling Center for the Arts (National Arts Center)
● Museum for Native Art (Tacloban)
● Palace In the Sky (Tagaytay)
● Cultural Center of the Philippines
● Toll-Ways: Manila North Diversion Road Roads
● Highways: Marcos Highway (Baguio)
● Codified laws through 2,036 Presidential Decrees
● 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

Laws and Programs:

● Martial Law (Proclamation No. 1081)

○ Martial Law was declared by Marcos to suppress the increasing civil discord
and the threats of communist conquest. The declaration was initially granted
by some sectors bit it eventually became unpopular to the people and the
masses because of the human rights abuses by the military.
● REPUBLIC ACT No. 5185
○ Also known as “Decentralization Act”, is an act granting further autonomous
powers to local governments. Local governments are entrusted with the
performance of those functions that are more properly administered in the
local level and shall be granted with as much autonomous powers and
financial resources as are required in the more effective discharge of these
responsibilities.
○ Investment Incentives Act of 1967
○ An act prescribing incentives and guarantees to investments in the
Philippines, creating a board of investments, appropriating the necessary
funds and for other purposes.
● Presidential Decree No. 3
○ Appropriating funds for public works involving rehabilitation and capital
development

Labor Reforms:

● First Labor Day Presidential Decree No. 21 – Fast and just settlements of disputes
through the National Labor Relations Commission
● Presidential Decree 99 – Minimum wages for household helpers
● Presidential Decree No. 143 – “Blue Sunday Law” (mandatory rest for every worker
once a week)
● Presidential Decree No. 148 – Eliminates anti-employment provisions of the Woman
and Child Labor LawPresidential Decree No. 197 – More effective apprenticeship
program
● Presidential Decree No. 851
● Requiring all employers to pay their employees a 13th – month pay. All employers
are required to pay all their employees receiving a basic salary of not more than
P1,000 a month, regardless of the nature of their employment, a 13th-month pay
not later than December 24 of every year.
 CORAZON AQUINO
Term: 1986- 1992
Eleventh President of the Philippines
Last President of the Fourth Republic
First President of the Fifth Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

The first woman president of the Philippines and the first

woman to become president of an Asian country, Corazon Aquino
was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. She was a prominent figure in the
People Power Revolution that brought down Ferdinand Marcos'
dictatorship. Her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr., was a senator
during the Marcos regime and its strongest critic. He was
assassinated while Marcos was still in power.

Contributions and Achievements:

● first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country
● restored democracy
● abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new Constitution of the
Philippines
● reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
● signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform, and 1191 Local Government Code,
which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
● initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy
● named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine
● on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband Benigno Aquino

Laws and Programs:

● Restoration of democracy

abolished the legislature; declared a revolutionary government; wrote a new constitution

(1987 Constitution)
● Land Reform
● Free secondary schooling
● Proclamation No.9
Cory issues Proclamation No. 9 which provides for the creation of a constitutional
commission (Concom) to draft a new charter “truly reflective of the ideals and aspirations
of the Filipino People,”
● Administrative Code of 1987
Establishes the various Cabinet departments and offices falling within the executive
branch of government, and under the direct control and supervision of the President. The
Code also prescribes the administrative procedure undertaken in proceedings before the
offices under the executive department.
• Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 – Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-
beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It also determined the value remaining unvalued
rice and corn lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by
the FBs and mode of compensation to landowners.
• Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism for the implementation
of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
• Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) – An act
which became effective June 15, 1988 and instituted a comprehensive agrarian
reform program to promote social justice and industrialization, providing the
mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes. This law is still the one
being implemented at present.
 FIDEL V. RAMOS
Term: 1992 – 1998
Twelfth President of the Philippines
Second president of the Fifth Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

Fidel V. Ramos was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines before he became president. He was also a civil
engineer. As president, he restored economic growth and stability
in the country, even during the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. He
is the first, and so far, the only, non-Catholic president of the
Philippines.

Contributions and Achievements:

● oversaw Philippine economic growth
● presided over celebrations of Philippine Independence Centennial in 1998
● received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand
Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George)
● hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader's Summit in the Philippines in
1996
● Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency
● death penalty reinstated while he was in office
● signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro National Liberation Front

Laws and Programs:

● Republic Act 7638 (Charter of the Department of Energy)
This act was signed and implemented so that the department of energy would be created.
This department rationalizes the organization and functions of government agencies
responsible for the management of energy in the Philippines. Being that one of the projects
of Ramos was the proper management, sourcing, and allocation of energy, this act had to
be implemented in order to have a department responsible for it.
● Republic Act 7648 (Electric Power Crisis)
This act prescribes the measures that are necessary and proper to effectively address the
electric power crisis in our country.
● Republic Act 7832 (Anti-electricity and Electric Transmission Lines/Materials Pilferage
Act)
This act penalizes theft and pilferage of electric lines and materials.
● Republic Act 8179
This act further allows foreign investments. It supports Republic Act 7042, which promotes
foreign investments and prescribes the procedures and actions foreign investors have to
do when registering for a business in the Philippines.
● Deregulation and Privatization of Major Industries
● Ramos facilitated the enactment of Republic Act 8042 which is also known as the Migrant
Workers Act.

This act protects Filipino workers abroad.

● Philippines 2000 platform largely hinged on five major areas:

Peace and Stability; Economic Growth and Sustainable Development; Energy and Power
Generation; Environmental Protection; Streamlined Bureaucracy
 JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA
Term: 1998 – 2001
Thirteenth President of the Philippines
Third President of the Fifth Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

Known as Erap, Joseph Estrada was the first president who had
been a famous film actor. His presidency was controversial. During
his years in office economic growth was slow and he faced
impeachment proceedings. He was ousted from the presidency in
2001. He was later convicted of stealing from the government but
was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010.

Contributions and Achievements:

● during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps were captured
● joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987 Constitution
● cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
● among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate the agreement that allows for U.S. control
of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base

Laws and Programs:

● Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749)
Designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable
development of its natural resources.
● Retail Trade Liberalization Act (Republic Act No. 8762)
The bill dismantles 40 years of state protectionism over the country’s retail trade industry
and opens the sector to big foreign players. With the retail trade liberalization, well-known
foreign players like France’s Carrefour and Casino Group as well as the U.S.’ Wal-Mart
and JC Penney are already in the process of negotiating with local partners.
● New General Banking Act (Republic Act No. 8791)
The measure opens up the local banking industry to foreign players after almost 50 years
of having it exclusively reserved and protected for Filipino nationals. With the industry’s
liberalization, at least 10 foreign banks have already established their presence in the
Philippines.
● Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)
Outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from
the Internet-driven New Economy..
● Anti-Crime Task Forces
In 1998, by virtue of Executive Order No.8, President Estrada created the Presidential
Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) with the objective of minimizing, if not totally
eradicating, car theft and worsening kidnapping cases in the country. With the help of this
task force, the Philippine National Police for the first time in history achieved a record-high
trust rating of +53 percent. Panfilo Lacson was its first head. He also created the Philippine
Center on Transnational Crime (PCTC) in 1999, with the objective of formulating and
implementing a concerted action of all law enforcement, intelligence and other government
agencies for the prevention and control of transnational crime.
 GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
Term: 2001-2010
Fourteenth President of the Philippines
Fourth President of the Fifth Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

A Filipino politician who went on to become the first female Vice

President of the Philippines and also served two terms as the
president of the country. Daughter of former President Diosdado
Macapagal, politics was not something that Gloria had in her mind
early on in her life. She studied economics and obtained a Ph.D. in
the subject, before going on to work as a professor at some of the
leading educational institutions in the Philippines.

Contributions and Achievements:

● Filed over 400 Senate Bills and Resolutions

● Authored or co-authored 55 bills signed into law of socio-economic legislation.
These laws constituted the core of the economic program of President Fidel Ramos --
laws that have brought our country to the status of Asia's next tiger.
● Cited by Asia Week as one of Asia's most powerful women.
● Selected Woman of the Year by the Catholic Education Association of the Philippines
● economy grew steadily averaging at around 4.5 percent annually
● instituted many policies that contributed to the economic stability
● established a blueprint called the Capital Market Development Plan

Laws and Programs:

FOR A BETTER BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

 RA 7844, The Export Development Act

● RA 7718, The Amended Build-Operate-Transfer Law
● RA 7843, Strengthening the Anti-Dumping Provisions
● RA 8179, Further liberalizing Foreign Investments
● RA 7721, Liberalizing banking in the Philippine

FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

● OCW desk to provide assistance to OCWs and their families

● RA 7833, Excluding the 13th Month Pay and Other Benefits from the Computation of
Taxable Income
● RA 7654, Allocating a Portion of the Incremental Revenue Collected for the Emergency
Employment Program
● RA 7637, Creating the Mt. Pinatubo Assistance, Resettlement and Development
Commission
● RA 7657, Appropriating 10 Billion Pesos for the victims of Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

FOR AGRICULTURE & THE ENVIRONMENT

● RA 7900, Promoting the production, processing, marketing and distribution of high-value

crops
● RA 8175. Amending the Charter of the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation in order to
make more stable and beneficial to farmers and the national economy

● RA 7942, Instituting a new system of mineral resources exploration, development,

utilization and conservation
 BENIGNO SIMEON COJUANGCO AQUINO III
Term: 2010-2016
Fifteenth President of the Philippines
Fifth President of the Fifth Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

A Filipino politician who served as the 15th President of the

Philippines from 2010 until 2016. Aquino is a fourth-
generation politician and the chairman of the Liberal Party
from 2010 to 2016.

Contributions and Achievements:

● Elected a member of the ‘House of Representatives’ from the 2nd district of Tarlac
province
● Studied in Quezon City at the ‘Ateneo de Manila University’ starting from primary
education till college studies and earned a bachelor degree in Economics
● Served the House as the Deputy Speaker
● Budget Impoundment and Control Act’ (SB 3121), ‘Preservation of Public Infrastructures
bill’ (SB 2035) and the ‘Philippine National Police’ reform bill
● Adopted K-12 education cycle in the country’s education system.
● Chaired the board of ‘Central Luzon Congressional Caucus’
● The no ‘wang-wang’ policy created by him to check use of blaring sirens was enforced
by the ‘Metropolitan Manila Development Authority’

Laws and Programs:

● Signed Executive Order No. 43, s. 2011, thematically organizing the Cabinet into smaller
groups called as the Cabinet Clusters.
● Created Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
● Formation of a truth commission
● No ‘wang-wang’ policy
● Launch of official presidential website
● Reformed the education system in the Philippines by shifting to K-12 Education
● Signed legislation which funds contraceptives for poor individuals
● Signed Executive Order No. 7, ordering the suspension of all allowances, bonuses and
incentives of board members of government-owned and-controlled corporations
(GOCCs) and government financial institutions (GFIs)
● Signed Executive Order No. 8, reorganizing and renaming the Build-Operate and
Transfer Center (BOT) to the Public-Private Partnership Center (PPP)
 RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
Sixteenth President of the Philippines
Sixth President of the Fifth Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic

Also known as Digong and Rody, is a Filipino politician who is the

16th and current President of the Philippines and the first from
Mindanao to hold the office. He is the chair of the ruling PDP–
Laban party.

Contributions and Achievements:

● War on drugs
● Signed the first tax reform law (Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion or TRAIN law)
● Ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Law
● Universal Health Care law
● Pushed for the enactment of the free tertiary education law
● Signed the Ease of Doing Business Act, issued an executive order for faster anti-poverty
services, put up the 8888 hotline for citizen complaints
● Build, Build, Build program
● Cleaned Manila Bay and Laguna Lake, and got Canada to take back its illegal garbage
● Expanded maternity leave

Laws and Programs:

● Signed the Anti-Hospital Deposit Law,
● Launched Lingap Sa Masa, a medical assistance program by the Office of the President
to deliver health services and free medicine to indigent and patients with little to no
resources in government hospitals.
● Signed “The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act” or Republic Act
10931 on August 3, 2017. The law aims to waive school fees to provide an opportunity
for every Filipino to earn a higher education and a degree in State Universities and
Colleges (SUCs) and Local Universities and Colleges (LUC).
● Signed an Act Rationalizing and Strengthening the Policy Regarding Driver's License by
Extending the Validity Period of Drivers’ Licenses
● Signed a bill granting additional leave benefits for working mothers, better known as the
“Expanded Maternity Leave” bill
● Signed R.A 10963 (Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion or TRAIN law)
● Signed the rice tariffication law, which seeks to loosen import and export regulations on
rice.
● Republic Act 11202 or Mobile Number Portability Act imposes a “no interconnection fee
policy” on users making domestic calls and text messages.
● Duterte also signed a bill consolidating the Housing and Urban Development
Coordinating Council (HUDCC) and the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
(HLURB).
● signed into law a bill establishing a career guidance and counseling program for all
secondary schools or the “Republic Act 11206” or the Secondary School Career
Guidance and Counseling Act .
● Signed the Tax Amnesty Bill
● Signed Republic Act 11232, which updates the 38-year-old Corporation Code in a bid
to make the Philippines an attractive investment destination.
 JOSE P. LAUREL

Term: 14 October 1943 – 17 August 1945

Third President of the Philippines
President of the Second Republic
Type of Administration: Presidential Republic
José Paciano Laurel y García, CCLH (March 9, 1891 –
November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician and judge. He
was the president of the Second Philippine Republic, a
Japanese puppet state when occupied during World War II,
from 1943 to 1945. Since the administration of President
Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been
officially recognized by later administrations as a former
president of the Philippines.

Contributions and Achievements:

 since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of the Philippines
 organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for
Service to the New Philippines), a provisional government during Japanese occupation
 declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in
1944
 with his family, established the Lyceum of the Philippines
 He had been secretary of the interior (1923), senator (1925 – 1931), delegate to the
Constitutional Convention (1934), and chief justice during the commonwealth.
 As president, he defended Filipino interests and resisted Japanese efforts to draft Filipinos
into the Japanese military service. Upon return of the American forces, Laurel was
imprisoned in Japan when Douglas Macarthur occupied that country He was returned to
the Philippines to face charges of treason, but these were dropped when President Roxas
issued an amnesty proclamation. In the Third Republic, he was elected senator and
negotiated the Laurel-Langley Agreement.
 SERGIO OSMEÑA

Term: August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946

Fourth President of the Philippines
Second President of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines
Type of Administration: Commonwealth Government
Sergio Osmeña is a Filipino politician who served as the
fourth President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was
Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon Quezon's
sudden death in 1944, Osmeña succeeded him, at age 65,
becoming the oldest holder of the office (a record he held until
71-year-old Rodrigo Duterte was elected in 2016). A founder
of the Nacionalista Party, Osmeña was also the first Visayan
to become president.

Contributions and Achievements:

 During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund.
 In 1907 he was elected delegate to the Philippine National Assembly and founded the
Nationalist Party, which came to dominate Philippine political life.
 he was 65 when he became president– making him the oldest president to hold office
 he was the first Visayan to become president
 he joined US Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 starting the freedom
of the Philippines from the Japanese during World War II
 during his time, the Philippine National Bank has been rehabilitated and the country joined
the International Monetary Fund
 on his time, the Bell Trade Act was approved by the US Congress Sergio Osmena appears
on the 50 peso bill.
Sources:

Corazon C. Aquino | Presidential Museum and Library. (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2019, from
http://malacanang.gov.ph/presidents/fifth-republic/corazon-aquino/
Dr. Jose P. Laurel as President of the Second Philippine Republic | Presidential Museum and
Library. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://malacanang.gov.ph/5237-dr-jose-p-laurel-as-
president-of-the-second-philippine-republic/
Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998). (2010, April 6). Retrieved October 2, 2019, from
https://bloomspresidents.wordpress.com/fidel-v-ramos-1992%E2%80%931998/

Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998). (2010, April 6). Retrieved October 2, 2019, from
https://bloomspresidents.wordpress.com/fidel-v-ramos-1992%E2%80%931998/
José P. Laurel | president of the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-P-Laurel
Philippine Presidents. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mypilipinas.com/philippine-
presidents.html
Presidents of the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.charleskeng.com/president.htm
Presidents of the Philippines: Their Achievements and Contributions. (2016, March 10). Retrieved
from https://soapboxie.com/world-politics/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-
Achievements-and-Contributions