Morfossintaxe da Língua Inglesa - Letras IV

ADJECTIVES

COMMON ADJECTIVES

1.Match the words and pictures 1 - 16

( )bad ______________
( )big ______________
( )dangerous ______________
( )dirty ______________
( )easy ______________
( )empty ______________
( )expensive ______________
( )far ______________
( )fast ______________
( )high ______________
( )hot ______________
( )long ______________
( )old ______________
( )rich ______________
( )strong ______________
( )wrong ______________
2.Match these adjectives with their opposites in 1.
Cheap Low Short
Clean Near Slow
Cold New Small
Difficult Poor Weak
Full Right
Good Safe

APPEARANCE

3.Match the opposite adjectives and the pictures

( )blonde/dark ( )old/young
( )beautiful/ugly ( )tall/short
( )fat/thin

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FEELINGS

4.Match the words and pictures.

( )hungry
( )hot
( )angry
( )tired
( )sad
( )thirsty
( )cold
( 1 )worried
( )bored
( )happy
( )stressed

NOUNS – JOBS
5.Match the words and pictures

( )an administrator
( 1 )an architect
( )a builder
( )a chef/ a cook
( )a dentist
( )a doctor
( )an engineer
( )a factory worker
( )a flight attendant
( )a footballer
( )a hairdresser
( )a journalist
( )a lawyer
( )a (bank) manager
( )a model
( )a musician
( )a nurse
( )a pilot
( )a policeman/policewoman
( )a receptionist
( )a shop assistant
( )a soldier
( )a teacher
( )a vet
( )a waiter/ a waitress

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6.Order the letters to make words for jobs.

1.)A C T E H R E T_____________

2)R O C A T A____________

3)T R I E W A W___________

4)A X T I R R E D I V T___________ D____________

5)P T I R E O N I C E S T R____________

7.Find the pairs.

8.In three minutes use an adjective and a noun from each circle to make phrases.

ADJECTIVES
Nice- yellow – American – New –
fast – White – blue – high – old –
new – grey – fast – black – good
– big – cheap - short
NOUNS
Food – house – school – airlines
– taxis – jeans – day – York –
book – boots – cars – cat – day –
fish – jeans – photo - story

PLURAL OF NOUNS
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2-Write the plural form of the nouns in brackets.

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Example: I have some oranges. (orange)
1. Do you like ________ ? (cherry)
2. Where are my__________? (key)
3. Tara goes to_________ at the weekend. (party)
4. Don't play with ___________ . (knife)
5. Jim has three ___________at home. (dog)
6. He needs new ___________ . (shoe)
7. One fish, two_________ . (fish)
8. Italy has beautiful _____________ . (city)
9. I like ___________, they're really fun. (quiz)
10. The _________ are finished. (question)

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 Verb Phrase

Traditional Terminology

A verb is a word that shows action or being. Whatever you’re doing can be expressed by a verb.

Main Verb and Auxiliary Verbs.

The main verb expresses the main action or state of being the sentence.

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The principal called Julio into his office.

Julio is nervous.

What’s an auxiliary verb?

Auxiliary verbs are nice and help the main verb express tenses. There are twenty-three of these verbs.

Am, are, is, was , were, be, being, been

Do, does, did

Have, has, had

Can, could, would, should, must

Shall, will

Practice 1

Write down the verb phrase in each of these sentences.

1.Jane has breakfast at home.

___________________________________________________________________________________

2.We are visiting Cuiabá next week.

3.They had lunch with us yesterday.

4.Will you buy me a drink?

5.Does that offer still stand?

6.My grandmother has carefully repaired the broken vase.

7. He ran around the block.

8.You are my friend.

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9.A bouquet of yellow roses will lend color and fragrance to the room.

10.Maria will probably leave for New York on Wednesday.

Simple Present Present

Continuous

Plurals

1-Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence.

a)Juan and Carmen live/lives in Madrid.
b)Harry watch/watches television every evening.
c)I usually go/goes to school by bus.
d)It never snow/snows in this city.
e)Sam live/lives in that house.
f)You never clean/cleans your teeth!
g)Carol get/gets up early every day.
h)All the buses leave/leaves from this bus-stop.

2.Put the words in brackets into the correct order.

a)Our (smoke, not, teachers, do) ________________________________________ at school.
b)Where (Helen, live, does) _______________________________________________________?
c)(do, not, go, we) _____________________________________________ to the cinema on Friday.
d)Pedro and Sara (not, do, eat) _________________________________________________fish.
e)(David, does, ride) _______________________________________________________ a bike.
f)(play, do, you) ___________________________________________________ football after school?
g)Kate (like, does, not) ________________________________________________________ oranges.
h)What (you, do, want) __________________________________________________________?
i)I (lunch, usually, have)_________________________________________________ at 1:30.
j)(not, Ali, does, go) ____________________________________________________ to school on Friday.

3.Complete each sentence. Use the verb and frequency adverb in brackets.
a)Tina (miss, sometimes)_____________________________________ the bus to school.
b)I (never, get up) ____________________________________________ before 6:00.
c)We (have, usually) __________________________________________ a holiday in August.
d)Jim and Helen (often, go)____________________________________ to the theatre.
e)I (sing, often) _______________________________________________ in the shower.

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f)Pat (play, sometimes) _______________________________________ football on Sunday.
g)You (finish, never) _________________________________________ your homework!
h)Our teacher (wear, always)_________________________________ a tie.

4.Put one word in each space. Contractions are one word.

a)What__________ you usually eat for lunch?
b)George and Terry ________________ speak Portuguese.
c)It’s 9:30 and the children __________________ sitting at their desks.
d)Ken _______________ like tea. In fact, he hates it.
e)________________ you choose your clothes? Or does your mother choose them?
f)When it rains, ________________ you take an umbrella?
g)What _____________________ it say on the board? I can’t see from here.

5.Choose the correct word or phrase.

1)what time ______________ to bed?
a)usually do you go b)do usually you go c)do you usually go

2)Every day Frank _____________ to work.

a)goes b)is going c)go

3)Stop it! _________ it!

a)I’m not liking b)I don’t like c)I not like

4)What ________? Is it an orange?

a)you are eating b)are you eating c)do you eat

5)Sorry, I can’t speak to you now _____________ a bath.

a)I’m having b)I have c)I don’t have

6.Correct each sentence or question.

a)I doesn’t likes this film. _____________________________________
b)What to do you wants? _____________________________________
c)Jim walk sometimes to school. _____________________________________
d)When the lesson begins? _____________________________________
e)I don’t gets up early on Saturday. _____________________________________
f)David do live near the station. _____________________________________

7.Rewrite each sentence. Use the words in bracktes.

a)Kate goes to school by bus.(always) _________________________________
b)I’m working hard.(not) _________________________________
c)Sara likes sport.(always) _________________________________
d)I get up at 6.30.(not) _________________________________
e)Pierre goes to the beach.(often) _________________________________

8.Present simple or present continuous? Change the verb if it is wrong.

a)are you owning his motorbike? __________________________________________________________________
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b)I’m staying in a hotel near the sea. _______________________________________________________________
c)I’d like to buy this coat. How much is it costing? __________________________________________________
d)What’s the matter? The bus is stopping. __________________________________________________________
e)I’m usually getting up at 6.00. ____________________________________________________________________

GENERAL REVISION ABOUT SIMPLE PAST

Simple

1-Put the verbs into the simple past:

1. Last year I (go)_____________to England on holiday.

2. It (be)_______________fantastic.
3. I (visit)____________lots of interesting places. I (be)__________with two friends of mine .
4. In the mornings we (walk)_______________in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go)_____________to pubs.
6. The weather (be)_____________strangely fine.
7. It ( rain)_________________a lot.
8. But we (see)__________________some beautiful rainbows.

2- Complete the text using the past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

When she was a teenager, my grandmother1 ________________________ (work) in the

kitchen in a big house in London. She2 ________________ (start) work very early every
morning. At 5:00 am, she3 ________ (bake) the bread and after that, she4 ______________
(cook) breakfast for the rich family and5 __________ (clean) the house. Then, she6
___________ (walk) to the local market. She7 ___________ (need) to buy all the food for
lunch and dinner. Sometimes the family8 ______________ (invite) important people to have
dinner there. It was a very difficult job, but my grandmother9 _____________ (like) it. She10
_________ (learn) a lot about food, cooking and life and has lots interesting stories to tell.

3.Write the past simple of these verbs.

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 1.go……………… 5.do………………. 9.take…………….

2.buy…………… 6.come.…………. 10.make…………

3.eat……………. 7.meet.…………. 11.have………….

4.drink………… 8.get up…………. 12.drive………….

4-Write the verbs from the paragraph in the past simple.

A day in the Life of Mrs. Green.

Mrs. Green is1 a famous writer. She usually gets2 up at 6.00. She goes3 to the bathroom, and then she puts4 on her clothes.
After that she has5 breakfast and reads6 the newspaper. Then she makes7 her bed. From 7.00 to 10.00 she sits8 in the living
room and watches9 television. Then she goes10 shopping. At 10.00 she comes11 home and eats12 her lunch. After lunch she
begins13 work. She writes14 from 2.00 to 9.00. She drinks15 a lot of tea. Then she meets16 her friends at a night-club.

1._________ 6._________ 11._________

2._________ 7._________ 12._________
3._________ 8._________ 13._________
4.__________ 9.__________ 14.__________
5.__________ 10.________ 15.__________ 16.__________

5-Rewrite the sentences in the negative.

They collected postcards. → They didn’t collect postcards.

1. You jumped high. → __________________________________

2. Albert played squash. → _______________________________
3. The teacher tested our English. → ______________________
4. Fiona visited her grandma. → __________________________
5. He washed the car. → __________________________________
6. You were thirsty. → _____________________________________
7. He had a computer. → __________________________________
8. I bought bread. → _______________________________________
9. You saw the house. → _________________________________

6- Are they regular ( R ) or irregular ( I ).

a.)go j.)fly
b.)eat k.)write
c.)buy l.)enjoy
d.)think m.)run
e.)talk n.)cook
f.)open o.)read
g.)listen p.)feel
h.)see q.)tell
i.)sleep r.)dream

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 To Be To Be
Present Past

am was
is were
are

1.Look at the ticks (√) and crosses (x). Write complete sentences with was, were, wasn’t, weren’t.

a)I/ interested in dinosaurs at primary school. X _____________________________________________________

b)Yesterday I/ at school.√ ____________________________________________________________________________

c)My friend/ with me yesterday afternoon. X __________________________________________________________

d)Last weekend Marcia/ really happy. √ ______________________________________________________________

e)My parents/ at home yesterday evening. √ __________________________________________________________

Form: Sub + Was/Were + verb+ -ing

Positive Negative Question

I / he / she / it I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking?

you / we / they You were speaking. You were not speaking. Were you speaking?

Practice

1-Write the ing form of the verbs.

1. live →____________________________
2. stay →___________________________
3. run →____________________________
4. win →____________________________
5. cycle →___________________________

2-Was or Were?
1. We_________________dancing.
2. The dog________________barking.
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 3. The printer_______________ printing out a photograph.
4. The pupils________________ writing a test.
5. Sue and Gareth___________________ walking up the hill.

3-Write sentences in past continuous

1. he / the car / wash →____________________________________
2. she / home / go ?→______________________________________
3. they / not / the match / watch →______________________________
4. you / in the shop / work →__________________________________
5. I / not / a magazine / read →_________________________________
6. She/ on a chair/ sit →

1.Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple.

a)Tom (look) _______________________________________ out the window.

b)We (take) ________________________________________ the bus from the airport to the city.

c)Laura (read) _____________________________________ the book all afternoon.

d)Kate (close) _____________________________________ all the windows and doors.

e)Sam (live) ______________________________________ in a cottage in the country.

2.Put the verb in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.

a)When I(come)___________________________ home my family (do)______________________ the garden.

b)For lunch yesterday Chris(eat) ________________________spaghetti.

c)When the teacher(come)___________________ into the room, two boys(play)________________ football.

d)Peter(turn on)_______________________the TV, but nothing(happen) _______________________

e)When Helen(walk)____________________ to school, she(see)_______________________ the old man again.

f)While we(run) ________________________ in the park, Mary(fall over)_______________________

Present Perfect Tense

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How do we make the Present Perfect Tense?

The structure of the present perfect tense is:

SUJ+ HAVE/HAS+ PAST PARTICIPLE

Here are some examples:

 I've finished my work.

 John's seen ET.
 They've gone home.

1-Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple).

1. I (not / work)_______________________ today.

2. We (buy)_______________________a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan)_______________________our holiday yet.
4. Where (be / you) _________________________?
5. He (write)_________________________- five letters.
6. She (not / see) ___________________________him for a long time.
7. (be / you) _____________________at school?
8. School (not / start) ________________________yet.
9. (speak / he) ________________________ to his boss?
10. No, he (have / not) __________________________the time yet.

2- Write opposites (positive or negative)

1. I understand. __________________________________________________
2. He didn´t smoke._______________________________________________
3. They are crying ________________________________________________
4. She loved him.__________________________________________________
5. We have been here before._______________________________________
6. You don’t like me._______________________________________________

7. She has never done it before.____________________________________

Present Perfect and Past Simple

1.Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past or present perfect).

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 a)My friends (visit)________________________ the Grand Canyon National Park last year.
b)I (be / never)____________________________ to the Grand Canyon National Park.
c)But I (see)_____________________________ lots of wonderful pictures.
d)And yesterday I (buy)_____________________a book about the Grand Canyon.
e)I (read)______________________________30 pages already. It's really interesting.

PRESENT PERFECT and SIMPLE PAST: time expressions.

 Ever, never
 Yet, already, just
 For, since
 Ago

1.Choose the correct words underlined in each sentence.

a)have you ever/yet visited Slovenia?

b)Tim has for/just come back from the USA.

c)I’m not hungry. I’ve already/since eaten.

d)Jane lived in Greece since/for fifteen years.

2.Since or for?

a)Maya has been a professional Singer________________1989.

b)So far, it has rained______________________ five hours.
c)I haven't been snowboarding__________________last winter.
d)Jo has been a student here__________________March.
e)The beaver has been an emblem of Canada______________________many years.
f)Cougars have almost disappeared from the Victoria área___________________ humans settled here.
g)Mary has kept a diary___________________________ she was ten years old.
h)First Nations people in British Columbia have told stories about the eagle _____________ hundreds of years.
i)The Canadian two-dollar coin has been in circulation______________1996.
j)They've been married _______________________ twenty-five years.

3.Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1-Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you / wash)___________________________ the dishes yet?

2-Daughter: I (wash)____________________ the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not) _________________________ the
time yet to do it today.
3-Mother: (you / do / already)__________________________your homework?
4-Daughter: No, I (come / just) _______________________________home from school.
5-Mother: You (come) __________________________home from school two hours ago!

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 6-Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) _____________________ when I (arrive) _______________ and I (finish /
just) ____________________________ the phone call.
7-Mother: (you / see / not)____________________________ Lucy at school in the morning?
8-Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) _______________________ time to talk then.

Tense and Time

It is important not to confuse the name of a verb tense with the way we use it to talk about time.

For example, a present tense does not always refer to present time:

 I hope it rains tomorrow.

"rains" is present simple, but it refers here to future time (tomorrow)

Or a past tense does not always refer to past time:

 If I had some money now, I could buy it.

"had" is past simple but it refers here to present time (now)

The following examples show how different tenses can be used to talk about different times.

TENSE TIME

past present future

Present Simple I want a coffee. I leave tomorrow.

She likes coffee.

Present Continuous I am having dinner. I am taking my exam

next month.

They are living in London.

Present Perfect Simple I have seen ET. I have finished.

Past Simple I finished one hour ago. If she loved you now, she If you came tomorrow,
would marry you. you would see her.

Past Continuous I was working at 2am this

morning.

Future Simple Hold on. I'll do it now. I'll see you tomorrow.
Adapted from http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_sys-tense-time.htm

General Revision
1-Write 1(Present Simple), 2(Simple Past), 3(Past Continuous) e 4(Present Perfect)

1-They are good students. They always do their homework. ( )

2-It was fantastic. ( )

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3-My students speak a little English. ( )

4-I think I have met him once before. ( )

5-I always wake up early in the morning. ( )

6-Jane doesn't drink tea very often. ( )

7-I was reading “Orlando” by Virgínia Woolf yesterday. ( )

8-What time do the banks open in Britain? ( )

9-Where does John come from? ( )

10-It takes me an hour to get to work. ( )

11-She doesn't wake up early on Sundays. ( )

12-They were swimming in the pool. ( )

13-I have seen The last samurai twenty times. ( )

14-People have not traveled to Mars. ( )

15-Have you read the book yet? ( )

16-Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. ( )

17-Last February Gusttavo Lima sang in Tangará da Serra. ( )

18-We were listening to music. ( )

19-I visited lots of interesting places. I was with two friends of mine. ( )

20-In the mornings we walked in the streets of London.( )

21-She was playing hockey. ( )

22-People have traveled to the Moon. ( )

23-In the evenings we went to pubs. ( )

24-Max was dancing with two girls. ( )

25-The weather was strangely fine. ( )

The vase was broken by John.

Active sentence: more emphasis on who did the action – John
Passive sentence: more emphasis on the thing affected by the action – The vase
Using by

The agent is the person or thing that does the action. We use by + agent
The vase was broken by John.
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Now, observe the table below:

Active Passive

Simple Present Once a week, Tom cleans the house. Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.

Present Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Continuous

Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam.

Past Continuous The salesman was helping the customer when The customer was being helped by the
the thief came into the store. salesman when the thief came into the store.

Present Perfect Many tourists have visited that castle. That castle has been visited by many tourists.

Past Perfect George had repaired many cars before he Many cars had been repaired by George before
received his mechanic's license. he received his mechanic's license.

Simple Future Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM. The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
WILL

Simple Future Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally
BE GOING TO tonight. tonight.

Used to Jerry used to pay the bills. The bills used to be paid by Jerry.

Would Always My mother would always make the pies. The pies would always be made by my mother.

Future in the I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Past
WOULD

Future in the I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be
Past dinner tonight. made by Sally tonight.
WAS GOING TO

PRACTICE

1.Complete each sentence with a passive verb.

a)The police questioned George.

George ___________________________________by the police
b)Millions of people watch this programme.
This programme _________________________by millions of people.

c)They will finish our new house at the end of the month.
Our new house _________________________ at the end of the month.

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d)They’ve elected a new president.
A new president _____________________________________________

e)They’re rebuilding the damaged stadium.

The damaged stadium ________________________________________

f)They’ve closed the mountain road.

The mountain road _____________________________________________

g)Students write most of this magazine.

Most of this magazine ___________________________by students.

2.Passive with present simple. Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences.

3.Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice.

1.The students were writing a beautiful song.
2.The teacher taught the major points of the lesson.
3.A tornado has smashed several houses in southern Oklahoma.
4.He slammed the skateboard into the wall.
5.Don’t worry. Someone will open the door.
6.They grow coffee in Kenya.
7.People are destroying the forest in Indonesia.

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4.

5.

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 6. Which three sentences are passive(P)? Which three sentences are active(A)?

a)They teach children computer studies in school.( )

b)The Euro is used in many European.( )
c)They do not sell medicine in supermarkets.( )
d)CDs are made at recording companies.( )
e)You find elephants in Africa and Asia.( )
f)Coffee is grown in South America.( )

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