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Envelopes and Sharp Embeddings of Function Spaces PDF
Envelopes and Sharp Embeddings of Function Spaces PDF
Embeddings of Function
Spaces
Editorial Board
R. Aris, University of Minnesota B. Moodie, University of Alberta
G.I. Barenblatt, University of California at Berkeley L.E. Payne, Cornell University
H. Begehr, Freie Universität Berlin D.B. Pearson, University of Hull
P. Bullen, University of British Columbia G.F. Roach, University of Strathclyde
R.J. Elliott, University of Alberta I. Stakgold, University of Delaware
R.P. Gilbert, University of Delaware W.A. Strauss, Brown University
D. Jerison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology J. van der Hoek, University of Adelaide
B. Lawson, State University of New York
at Stony Brook
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To my family
v
Contents
Preface ix
4 Growth envelopes EG 63
4.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.2 Examples: Lorentz spaces, Sobolev spaces . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Continuity envelopes EC 91
6.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.2 Examples: Lipschitz spaces, Sobolev spaces . . . . . . . . . . 93
11 Applications 179
11.1 Hardy inequalities and limiting embeddings . . . . . . . . . . 179
11.2 Envelopes and lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
11.3 Compact embeddings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
References 211
Symbols 223
Index 225
Instead of investigating the growth of functions one can also focus on their
smoothness, i.e., for X ,→ C it makes sense to replace f ∗ (t) with ω(f,t)
t ,
where ω(f, t) is the modulus of continuity. The continuity envelope function
ECX and the continuity envelope EC are introduced completely parallel to EGX
and EG , respectively, and similar questions are studied.
These concepts are first explained in detail and demonstrated on some clas-
sical and rather obvious examples in Part I; in Part II we deal with these
s
instruments in the context of spaces of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin type, Bp,q
s
and Fp,q , respectively.
In the end we turn to some applications, e.g., concerning the asymptotic be-
haviour of approximation numbers of (corresponding) compact embeddings.
Further applications are connected with Hardy-type inequalities and limiting
embeddings. We discuss the relation between growth and continuity envelopes
of a suitable pair of spaces. Problems of global nature are regarded, and we
study situations where the envelope function itself belongs to or can be re-
alised in X, respectively.
ix
x Preface
though extended, improved, used, cited already – were never published else-
where. In view of the substantial material, the idea appeared later to collect
it in a book rather than a number of papers. This gives me the opportu-
nity for special thanks to Professor David E. Edmunds who offered invaluable
mathematical and linguistic comments, and to Professor Haı̈m Brézis who
encouraged me in that form of publication. Last but not least I appreci-
ate joint work and exchange of ideas on the subject with many colleagues,
in particular Professor António M. Caetano and Dr. Susana D. Moura. Fi-
nally, I am indebted to my family for their never-ending patience and support.
Definition, basic
properties, and first
examples
1
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