BROADBAND SERVICES

MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD.

(Corporate Office – IT Dept.)
MINTO ROAD, NEW DELHI

Submitted by:
NEHA TYAGI
Student of:-
Hindustan Institute of Technology
Greater Noida, UP
B.Tech (CSE), 4th Year
ABOUT BROADBAND

Broadband in data can refer to broadband networks or broadband

Internet so that data transmission over a fiber optic cable would be
referred to as broadband. Broadband in data communications is
frequently used in a more technical sense to refer to data
transmission where multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to
increase the effective rate of transmission, regardless of data
signaling rate

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is

high data rate Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up
access over a 56k modem.

Dial-up modems are limited to a bit rate of less than 56 kbit/s (kilobits
per second) and require the full use of a telephone line—whereas
broadband technologies supply more than double this rate and
generally without disrupting telephone use.

Broadband is often called "high-speed" Internet, because it usually

has a high rate of data transmission. In general, any connection to
the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or greater is more concisely
considered broadband Internet.

The standard broadband technologies in most areas are DSL and

cable modems. Newer technologies in use include VDSL and ADSL
pushing optical fiber connections closer to the subscriber in both
telephone and cable plants.
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR BROADBAND
SET UP

S.No Item

HARDWARE
1.0 BRAS
1.1 BBRAS Hardware
1.2 BBRAS Software
(Base SW for all services & Interfaces.)
1.3 BBRAS SW licenses –
 PPPoE users
 DHCP users
 L2 TP/ VPN users
1.4 BBRAS eMS Hardware
1.5 BBRAS eMS Software
(Licensed for –
 5 clients/ users(all BRASs)
 Unlimited customers)

2.0 IP DSLAM
2.1 IP DSLAM – 1920 Ports – Hardware
2.2 IP DSLAM – 960 Ports – Hardware
2.3 IP DSLAM – 480 Ports – Hardware
2.4 IP DSLAM – 240 Ports – Hardware

2.5 IP DSLAM – 1920 Ports – Software

2.6 IP DSLAM – 960 Ports – Software
2.7 IP DSLAM – 480 Ports – Software
2.8 IP DSLAM – 240 Ports – Software
2.9 DSLAM eMS Hardware
2.10 DSLAM eMS Software
DSLAM eMS SW should be licensed for-
 150 users/clients
 Unlimited subs.
2.11 SFP modules for DSLAM GE ports/ interfaces
2.11.1 SX (850 nm)
2.11.2 LX (1310 nm)
2.11.3 LH (1550 nm)

3.0 NOC Switch

3.1 NOC Switch Hardware
3.2 NOC Switch Software
4.0 NOC switch eMS
4.1 NOC switch eMS Hardware
4.2 NOC switch eMS Software

5.0 Radius / AAA

5.1 Radius / AAA HW
5.2 Radius / AAA SW (Base SW)
5.3 Radius / AAA licences

6.0 LDAP
6.2 LDAP Hardware
6.3 LDAP Software (Base SW)
6.4 LDAP SW Licences

7.1 SAN Switch Mgt. Software

8.0 NOC Workstations(eMS clients)

9.0 Printers
10.0 Laptops

11.0 Installation Material

11.1 10 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with Connectors for SMF Cable.
11.2 25 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with connectors for SMF Cable.
11.3 10 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with Connectors for MMF Cable.
11.4 25 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with connectors for MMF Cable.
11.5 Multi Mode Armure Fibre Câble (24Fibre)
11.6 Multi Mode Armure Fibre Câble (12Fibre)
11.7 Power Cable between DSLAM and DCDB @ 20mts per DSLAM for -
11.7.1 1920 port DSLAMs
11.7.2 960 port DSLAMs
11.7.3 480 port DSLAMs
11.7.4 240 port DSLAMs
11.7.5 96 port DSLAMs
11.8 DC Cable between DCDB and Power Plant @ 40 mts per site & suitable to carry the
load of-
11.8.1 9600 DSLAM ports
11.8.2 4800 DSLAM ports
11.8.3 1920 DSLAM ports
11.8.4 960 DSLAM ports
11.9 DCDB for terminating power to DSLAMs aggregating to-
11.9.1 9600 DSLAM ports
11.9.2 4800 DSLAM ports
10.9.3 1920 DSLAM ports
11.9.4 960 DSLAM ports
11.10 MDF with Verticals, Horizontals, Nut bolts, Fittings & fixtures,Supports etc
complete
11.11 PVC Cable for terminating DSLAMs at MDF
11.11.1 100 Pair
11.11.2 50 Pair
11.11.3 32 Pair
11.12 Jumper Wire
11.13 MDF TAG Block
11.13.1 128 ports MDF Tag Blocks
11.13.2 100 port MDF Tag Block
11.14 Cable Tray with fittings/ fixtures and supports, aprox.1 Feet width and suitable load
bearing capacity @ 8 mts per site
11.15 Power Cable for BRAS @ 50mts per BRAS
11.16 DCDB per BRAS site
11.17 AC Power Cabling for NOC Servers and terminals along with ACDB
11.18 19” / ETSI Racks
11.19 Structured Cabling (with patch cords, patch cables, cable managers, CAT-5e cable
etc. complete as required)
11.20 ODF
SERVICES OFFERED BY MTNL BROADBAND
NETWORK

The following services is being offered by MTNL to customers using

Broadband network:

(i) High Speed Internet Access both pre-paid & post paid
(ii) Access to Layer 3 VPN Services
(iii) L2 VPN Services
(iv) Dial VPN services
(v) Voice and video over IP
(vi) Video Conferencing
(vii) Gaming
(viii) Video Broadcast (multicast)
(ix) Video on Demand (unicast)
(x) Storage – Backup and Restoration Service
(xi) Differentiated priority access service as following:

a) Separate priority per customer.

b) Priority per customer via mechanism like
Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
c) Range of queue depths configurable for
differentiated priority.
d) Application Recognition and priority for
separate applications for one customer also
configurable.

(xii) The Differentiated Services model shall be implemented

in compliance with RFC 2474, RFC 2597, RFC 2598
and RCF 3140.

(xiii) Differentiated bandwidth access service as following:

a) Separate bandwidth per customer.

b) Dedicated bandwidth per customer via
committed access rates, which are definable.
Following shall be supported: Committed
Information Rate (CIR), Peak Information Rate
 (PIR), Committed Burst Size (CBS), and Maximum
Burst Size (MBS).
c) Range of configurable rates from kbps to
Mbps (depending on the access mechanism
allowances)

Thus, Broadband refers to telecommunication that provides multiple

channels of data over a single communications medium, typically
using some form of frequency or wave division multiplexing.

Broadband access is a vehicle that allows the delivery of an entirely

new breed of media services and communications-oriented
applications. In the long run, it is these new services and applications
that will differentiate broadband from dial-up Internet access and give
consumers a reason for subscribing to broadband. Audio and video
are the obvious cornerstones of this coming high-speed revolution.
Speedy connections coupled with always-on access will improve the
consumer multimedia experience and change the types of business
models that are viable in the interactive marketplace.
Broadband Access for Consumers is either through DSL (Digital
Subscriber Lines) or via cable modem.

1. DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ( DSL):

DSL is a technology for bringing high-speed and high-bandwidth,

which is directly proportional to the amount of data transmitted or
received per unit time, information to homes and small businesses
over ordinary copper telephone lines already installed in hundreds of
millions of homes and businesses worldwide. With DSL, consumers
and businesses take advantage of having a dedicated, always-on
connection to the Internet.

• There are currently at least six different types of DSL. They are
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
• Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)
• ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL)
• High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
• Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL)
• Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL)

Each one has different technical ranges, capabilities, and limitations.

MTNL is currently using ADSL2+ and VDSL.
ARCHITECTURE OF DSL NETWORK
 2. CABLE MODEM ( CM)

Cable modems (CM) are designed to operate over cable TV lines to

provide high-speed access to the Web or corporate Intranets. A power
splitter and a new cable are usually required. The splitter divides the
signal for the "old" installations and the new segment that connects
the cable modem. No television sets are accepted on the new string
that goes to the cable modem.

There are three types of CM: external modem, internal

modem, and interactive set-top cable box. A number of different
cable modem configurations are possible. Over time more systems will
arrive.

Cable modem services offer shared bandwidth between your and

your neighbors. Your speed will vary with how many people are on the
cable modem network, which may be a disadvantage
DETAILES OF ALL COMPONENTS

USED IN

BROADBAND NETWORK
Broadband Network Operating Centre

1. IPDSLAM (IP based DSL ACCESS MULTIPLEXER):

A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer allows telephone

lines to make faster connections to the Internet. It is a network
device, located in the telephone exchanges of the service providers,
that connects multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL’s) to a
high-speed Internet backbone line using multiplexing techniques.[1] By
placing remote DSLAMs at locations remote to the telephone
exchange, telephone companies provide DSL service to locations
previously beyond effective range.

Siemens DSLAM SURPASS hiX 5625

Basic Structure of DSLAM
1 ECN has 24 ports which is used to connect to the 24 EDN’s.
1 EDN has 12 ports which is used to connect 12 customers so
in total 24x12 customers

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) allows

telephone lines to make faster connections to the Internet. It is
a network device, located in the telephony exchanges of the
service providers, that connects multiple customer Digital
Subscriber Lines (DSL’s) to a high-speed Internet backbone
line using multiplexing techniques. By placing remote DSLAMs
at locations remote to the telephone company central office
(CO), telephone companies provide DSL service to locations
previously beyond effective range. Types of Path taken by data
to DSLAM
Residential/commercial source: DSL modem plugged into
the customer's computer.
Local loop: the telephone company wires from a customer to
the telephone company's central office, often called the "last
mile".
DSLAM: a device for DSL service. Sending on the customer or
downstream side, it intermixes voice traffic and VDSL traffic on
the customer's DSL line. Receiving on that side, it accepts and
separates outgoing phone and data signals from the customer.
It directs the data signals upstream to the appropriate carrier's
network, and the phone signals to the voice switch.
Role of the DSLAM
The DSLAM equipment at the telephone company (telco)
collects the data from its many modem ports and aggregates
their voice and data traffic into one complex composite "signal"
via multiplexing. Depending on its device architecture and
setup, a DSLAM aggregates the DSL lines over its
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), frame relay, and/or
Internet Protocol network (i.e., an IP-DSLAM using PTM-TC
[Packet Transfer Mode - Transmission Convergence])
protocol(s) stack.
The aggregated traffic is then directed to a Telco’s backbone
switch, via an access network (AN) also called a Network
Service Provider (NSP) at up to 10 Gbit/s data rates on the
Internet backbone.
In terms of the OSI 7-Layer Model, the DSLAM acts like a
massive network switch since its functionality is purely Layer 2.
Therefore it cannot re-route traffic between multiple IP
networks, only between ISP devices and end-user connection
points. Customer Premises Equipment that interfaces well with
the DSLAM to which it is connected may take advantage of
enhanced telephone voice and data line signaling features and
the bandwidth monitoring and compensation capabilities it
supports.
A DSLAM may or may not be located in the telephone
company's central office, and may also serve multiple data and
voice customers within a neighborhood Serving Area
Interface (SAI), sometimes in conjunction with a digital loop
carrier. DSLAMs are also used by hotels, lodges, residential
neighborhoods, and other businesses operating their own
private telephone exchange.
In addition to being a data switch and multiplexer, a DSLAM is
also a large collection of modems. Each modem on the
aggregation card communicates with a single subscriber's DSL
modem. This modem functionality is integrated into the DSLAM
itself instead of being done via an external device like a
traditional computer modem. Like traditional voice-band
modems, a DSLAMs integrated DSL modems usually have the
ability to probe the line and to adjust themselves To
electronically or digitally compensate for forward echoes and
other bandwidth-limiting factors in order to move data at the
maximum connection rate capability of the subscriber's
physical line. This compensation capability also takes
advantage of the better performance of "balanced line" DSL
connections, providing capabilities for LAN segments longer
than physically-similar unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Ethernet
connections, since the balanced line type is generally required
for its hardware to function correctly. This is due to the nominal
line impedance (measured in Ohms but comprising both
resistance and inductance) of balanced lines being somewhat
lower than that of UTP, thus supporting 'weaker' signals.
IP DSLAM is an integrated hardware and software system that
allows the user to access Broadband services as well as
originate and receive telephone (PSTN) calls over the same
single pair of copper wire simultaneously.

Sl. IPDSLAM Type Power & Control Cards

No. Redundancy
1920 ports Both
1
960 ports Both
1
480 ports Both
2
240 ports Both
3
96 ports Both
3

TYPES OF DSLAM

A  1152 ports

B  576 ports

C 288 ports

D  48 ports
 48 PORT DSLAM

Each DSLAM has two elements

(i) ECN( ETHERNET CONTROLLER NODE)
(ii) EDN( ETHERNET DSL ACCESS NODE)
In a DSLAM there are 2 ECNs in which one is active and other is
stand by. Each ECN has 24 EDN, and each EDN has 12 subscriber.
Thus, there will be 24*12 subscribers in total.
2. BBRAS (BROADBAND REMOTE ACCESS CONTROLLER):

• The BRAS provides L3 termination for broadband connections.

• It terminates a range of connections as well as provide
wholesale access using both LNS/LAC and VRF based
termination services.
• BBRAS provides
(i) Policy Management
(ii) Filtering
(iii) Performance monitoring functionality managed by the
SSSS/ SSSC or Policy control system.

• BBRAS has SRP CARD used as processor controller.

• GE (Gigabit Ethernet) CARD is used in BBRAS for connectivity
purposes.
• Protocols: The BBRAS provides PPP session limiting per port
or Virtual Router depending upon the mechanism used in the
BBRAS.

3. Interface Requirement:

• Line Interface (towards Subscriber Unit): The IP DSLM support

different subscriber’s access speeds from 128 Kbps to 24Mbps
on G.992.1, G.992.3 and G.992.5.
• IP DSLAM should support the standards on all ports. The ports
on the same line card should be able to support above different
standards simultaneously. It shall be possible to configure
speed as per the requirement.
• The IP DSLAM should support control, power & link
redundancy. Power, control card and link redundancy shall be
provided in all the types of IPDSLAMs.
• The IP DSLAM shall be capable of supporting FE interface in
addition to DSL ports for direct Ethernet connectivity to
subscribers.
• IPDSAM should support CBR, VBR-rt, VBR-nrt, UBR PVC
types towards Customer end and also support the following
QOS on per port basis towards Network side:

 Queuing based on IEEE. 802.1p bit

 Queuing based on VLAN ID.
 Traffic policing per port."
• Up to 8 PVCs per DSL port shall be supported.
• Should support IP Multicasting on all ports.

3. Splitters:

Splitter are used for filtering of data. The IP DSLAM is

capable of filtering L2 traffic configurable on per Port/ PVC/
Service. Following additional filtering requirement shall also
be supported:

i) IP Port Number

ii) Protection from ARP spoofing attacks

iii) Filters to block IGMP groups should be supported, Filter

list should allow individual blocking of Multicast Groups.

4. EMS (Element Management Systems):

The Element Management Systems provides for a centralized

view of the entire network. These EMSs provide standard,
northbound interface (SNMP, Java API, CORBA API, and XML
API) to communicate with NMS/PMS.

Functionalities of EMS:
• Configuration Management
 • Provisioning management
• Fault Management
• Performance data collection
• utilization of resources
• Service Delivery and Service
• Security Management Assurance

5. LAN SWITCH AT NOC:

LAN Switch to provide connectivity to different NOC

components shall be a Middle range LAN switch. The LAN
Switch shall have redundant control cards and power supply
and shall be powered from DC power supply of nominal -48
Volts DC with a variation of -40 to 60 V DC.

6. RADIUS/AAA:

The RADIUS shall generate CDRs for the billing System.

The CDR's shall be formatted as per the requirements of
Convergent Billing system of MTNL. The CDRs shall contain
at least the following information:

• The calling IP address.

• Start Time and Date.
• End Time and Date.
• Volume of data transmitted with incoming and outgoing
separately
• Port type.
• Calling Port details
• Calling Port type
• Calling user name
• Calling station id
• Called Station id
• Service Type
• Call Terminate Cause
 • Call duration
• Input data transferred (Octets / Bytes / Gigabytes)
• Output data in transferred (Octets/Bytes/Gigabytes)
• Protocol Type
• Session type

Functions of RADIUS:

(i) Real time data collection

(ii) Specialized data processing
(iii) Support Pass through authentication for data sources
including:

(a) SQL databases including Oracle

(b) LDAP (not limited to user name / passwords)
(c) ODBC or JDBC compliant databases.
(d) Other RADIUS server

7. Servers specifications :
Servers being procured are classified in two (2) categories
which require servers of different architecture as following:

o Back-end Servers. ( AAA/Radius, LDAP )

o Security and Management Servers. ( eMS servers )
 CONCLUSION

MTNL provides broadband services under Brand name Tri

Band.

Tri Band means three components

1. Phone (Voice)
2. Internet (Data)
3. IPTV (Video)

The broadband services are being provided on the existing

copper infrastructure, initially Broadband Internet Service, other
services such as VPN, multicasting, video conferencing, video-
on-demand and broadcast application shall also be added in
future.