Real-time operating system

Internet and Resource Reservation

Protocols

by
Dr. Vikas Goel
Dept. of IT
KIET Group of Institutions
 Contents
 Internet and Resource Reservation Protocols
 Issues in Resource Reservation
 RSVP
 Features of Resource Reservation Protocol
 Types of messages used in RSVP connection
establishment
 Internet and Resource Reservation
Protocols
• Rate and jitter control is an integral part of good service discipline for real
time traffic in switched network.
• If every switch reserves resource for every connection routed through it
and exercise rate and jitter control of traffic on the connection, congestion
within the network and at the destination can be prevented.
• In order to deliver the desired quality of service to users through
interconnected networks, hosts and router must reserve resources needed to
ensure quality.
• while the onset of congestion in networks carrying only data traffic
tends to be gradual.
• Congestion of real time traffic can be build up quickly in integrated service
network.
• Traditional congestion control mechanism do not work well, whereas
admission control and resource reservation provide an effective means to
prevent congestion.
• How host and routers operate and interact for the purpose of resource
reservation is governed by a resource reservation protocol.
 Issues in Resource Reservation
• Multipoint to Multipoint Communication
– To give each source a multicast tree connection to all destination.
– Multicast tree is a set of point to point simplex connections between
pair of routers and hosts
• Heterogeneity of Destinations
– To accommodate different requirements of QoS is to have the source
use a layered scheme to encode its messages.
• Dynamic multicast group membership
• Relation to routing and admission control
RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
• Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is used in real-time systems for an
efficient quality band transmission to a particular receiver.
• It is generally used by the receiver side for the fast delivery of the
transmission packets from the sender to the receiver.
 Features of Resource Reservation
Protocol
• RSVP is receiver initiated. Receiver node in the real time system initiates
the protocol.
• RSVP is simplex(unidirectional). The receiver node just receives the
packets and does not want to send any data.
• Quality of Service is provided by RSVP protocol.
• Admission Control is used in RSVP at each hop in the network topology.
• Classification, buffer management, and scheduling is managed
efficiently by RSVP
• It dynamically adapts to the change in route for the efficient
message transfer.
• It is actually not a routing protocol. It depends upon other routing protocols.
• Each source in a multicast group has a multicast tree to all destinations.
• Both data message stream and control message stream from source are
transmitted along this tree.
• RSVP is concerned only with resource reservation.
• It assumes that the router used to support the multicast tree of every source
are chosen according to the routing protocols of the network or
interconnected network.
• The output links used by each router to multicast messages from source
are given by a routing table.
• Which is maintained by the routing module.
• During network reconfigurations, the routing table of router is kept upto
date by that module.
• Similarly admission of new multicast connections and mapping between
application and network QoS parameters are handled by admission control
module and packet classifier in a lower layer.
• RSVP establishes and maintains a sink tree for each destination and uses it
to send control messages from the destination.
• Flowspec 
– It is used in RSVP to determines the different parameters like
bandwidth, link strength, congestion, etc for smooth and collision less
communication and data transfer.
• Filterspcec 
– It is used in RSVP for filtering of the packets.
– It is used to route the packets according to its destination type as a
fixed or shared receiver.
Types of messages used in RSVP
connection establishment
Reservation Messages Transfer
• Reservation Message (Resv): 
– The receiver sends the Reservation Message
(Resv) to the sender, which specifies all the
required resources and parameters for the
reservation to establish.
Path Messages Transfer
• Path Message (Path): 
– Upon receiving the reservation message from
the receiver, the sender records all the necessary
resources to be reserved and records the path.
– The sender multicasts a Path Message (path) to
all the receivers, which specifies the routing
details of the packet.
– It also contains all the necessary specifications
about the reservation to be made for the
receiver.
• The data sent by the sender in Resource Reservation Protocol is encrypted
to prevent the breach.
• Error reporting is done at the sender side for making the necessary changes
in the communication strategy in Resource Reservation Protocol.
• In case of failure in RSVP, the admission state of the hop is sent to the
requester for handling the necessary packets.
• In RARP, the routers record the necessary forward and reverse routing
state.
• The router may also make the necessary changes in the path message sent
by the sender to the receiver to indicate the actual resource
availability.
Thank
You