Questions:-

1. What is rock mechanics? What are the subjects?

it is the study of rock (or rock mass) mechanics of material theory and application of science,
is the study of the surrounding rock mass force field response in the physical environment,
in particular, the research of rock mass under loading stress, deformation and failure
regularity and engineering problems such as stability. It is a branch of solid mechanics.
John A. Hudson (a rock mechanics researcher) gave a clearly definition of rock mechanics:
the subject concerned with the response of rock to an applied disturbance: ( man-induced )
disturbance and natural disturbance.

The main research fields of modern rock mechanics are summarized in the following three
aspects:
- Basic principles, including the study of the failure, fracture, incorporation of rock mass and
the theory of internal stress and strain of rock mass.
- Laboratory tests and in-situ tests, including various static and dynamic methods, to
determine the behavior of rock blocks and rock masses under static and dynamic conditions
and the initial stresses in rock masses.
- Practical application aspects, including the surface of the rock foundation (such as the high
dam, high-rise buildings) surface mining, such as reservoir, the dam slope bank slope,
channels, rock blasting, geological process, such as analysis of surface subsidence due to
mining. and other issues of research

2. What is a rock? What is rock mass? What is the difference between rock and
rock mass?

- The rock is Intact rock (or rock block) is a mineral aggregate formed by the
accumulation of minerals or rock cuttings according to certain rules under geological
processes, Rocks usually fall into three types according to their origin: magmatic,
sedimentary,and metamorphic.

The rock mass is the natural geological body in a certain engineering range which
contains a much wider range of contents than rock blocks. and also, contains various
geological interfaces inside the geological body, such as unconformity, fold, fault,
bedding, schistosity, cleavage and joint. Thus. It can be seen that the rock mass is a
complex composed of rock blocks and various structural planes.

the difference between rock and rock mass

- rock mass contains a lot of discontinuities
- The stability of the rock mass under a specific loading condition (e.g. foundation or
tunneling) can be very different from the stability of the intact rock specimen, thanks to
the discontinuities.
- Due to the presence of discontinuities, in the rock mass. so the rock mass is weaker than
the intact rock specimen
- the rock mass is more permeable

Brief history of the development of rock mechanics.

- Take the answer from the PPT of the first lecture its title rock mechanics - introduction

3. What is the classification of rock according to their causes? Give examples

of different kinds of rocks

Sedimentary Types Sandstone , Limestone

classification of rock
Metamorphic Types Marble , Quartzite

Igneous Types Tuff , Basalt

, Types
Obsidian

,
4- What is the strength of intact rock and what are the affecting factors?
Rock strength is the maximum force per unit area that a rock can bear under load. Due to
different forms of loading, uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength,
ect
the affecting factors:-
- The shape, size and end conditions of rock samples
- The mineral composition of rocks
- The structural characteristics of rocks
- External environmental factors like water, temperature, ect.
- Anisotropic of rock materials

5- Draw the complete stress-strain curve of rock under uniaxial compresion.

What is the division of a typical complete stress-strain curve of the intact
rock under uniaxial compression?

the division of a typical complete stress-strain curve of the intact rock under uniaxial
compression :-
- (1) Compaction stage of initial crack
- (2) Linear elastic deformation stage
- (3) Microcrack initiation and stable propagation stage
- (4) Crack damage and unstable propagation stage
- (5) Failure and post-peak deformation stage
 5- List 10 parameters, which are used to describe discontinuities in rock?
There are several parameters that are used to describe discontinuities and
the rock mass. They are
- Orientation
- Spacing
- Persistence
- Roughness
- Wall strength
- Aperture
- Filling
- Seepage
- Number of joint sets
- Block size and shape

6. The total length of core run is 150cm. Estimate the value of Rock Quality
Designation of the rock core illustrated below

7. A series of triaxial test of sandstone rock reveals the following

relationship: 301 -150=0 (All stress units are in Mpa)Please determine the
cohesion and friction angle
8. Write brief notes on (1) Kelvin model, and(2)Maxwell model
1) Maxwell body
The Maxwell body is an elastic body composed of a spring and a damper in series.
The mechanical model is shown in the fig 4-22.

2) Kelvin Body
The Kelvin body is a viscoelastic body composed of a Hoek body and a Newton
body, that is, a spring and a damper. The mechanical model is shown in Figure 4-24.

Fig. 4-24 Kelvin Body model

9. What is rheology of rock?

Rheological properties refer to the properties of the stress-strain relationship of
materials related to time factors. The phenomenon of time effect in the process of
material deformation is called rheological phenomenon.
The deformation of rock not only exhibits elasticity and plasticity, but also has
rheological properties. The rheology of rock includes creep, relaxation and elastic
aftereffect.
Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter in the field of external
forces or other physical fields. More specifically, rheology is to investigate the
regularity of deformation, flow and damage related to materials under the conditions of
stress, strain, temperature, humidity, radiation, etc.
The rheology of rock includes creep, relaxation，long-term strength and elastic
aftereffect.

10. Why we should use a numerical analysis method? List some useful
numerical analysis methods
We should use a numerical analysis method to save the money instead of doing
experimental for all parameters and to solve the complicating problems which they need a
lot of time to solve it and get accurate results

Some useful numerical analysis methods

- Finit element FEM
- discrete element method DEM、
- finite-difference methods FDM、
- Discontinuous Deformation Analysis DDA

1. What is rheology, and what is rheology can be divided into?

Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter in the field of external
forces or other physical fields. More specifically, rheology is to investigate the
regularity of deformation, flow and damage related to materials under the conditions of
stress, strain, temperature, humidity, radiation, etc.
The rheology of rock includes creep, relaxation，long-term strength and elastic
aftereffect.

2. The three stages of creep and the basic three elements of creep model?

ab: Transient (attenuation) creep stage

bc: Steady-state stage
cd: Tertiary creep stage
 The three basic elements are elastic element (H), plastic element (Y) and viscous
element (N).

4. What is natural stress and what is redistributed stress?

(1) Natural stress (in situ stress、initial stress, et. al）The stress that exists in
the rock before human engineering activities
(2) Redistributed stress（induced stress）The stress in the rock mass due to the
change of engineering activity
5. The distribution of vertical and horizontal natural stresses?

Key points of Chapters 5, 6, 81.

What is rheology, and what is rheology can be divided into?

2. The three stages of creep and the basic three elements of creep model
3. The long-term strength of rock
4. What is natural stress and what is redistributed stress?
5. The distribution of vertical and horizontal natural stresses?
6. What is the redistributed stress on the wall of a round cavity, discuss about the change of
natural stress ratio on the redistributed stress on the wall
7. What is the surround rock?
8. What is Modified Fenner-tarot equation?g. The difference between surrounding rock stress
and peripheral rock pressure
10. How to calculate the loose peripheral rock pressure?