CHAPTER TWO: AN OVERVIEW OF

BIOLOGICAL BASICS
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
1. What do cells that grow best at low temperatures (below 20°C) are called?
(A) Mesophiles (C) Psychrophiles
(B) Thermophiles (D) Extremophiles
2. A cell with a spherical or elliptical shape is often called ________________.
(A) Bacillus (C) Escherichia
(B) Coccus (D) Spirillum
3. A cell with a cylindrical shape is called ______________.
(A) Bacillus (C) Escherichia
(B) Coccus (D) Spirillum
4. _______________ is the development of approaches to organize and summarize our
knowledge about the variety of organisms that exist.
(A) Anatomy (C) Biology
(B) Bacteriology (D) Taxonomy
5. It refers to the actual naming of organisms.
(A) Nomenclature (C) Taxonomy
(B) Bacteriology (D) Biology
6. What are the two primary cell types that differ from the presence or absence of a
membrane around the cell’s genetic information?
(A) Aerobic and Anaerobic (C) Bacteria and Archaea
(B) Psychrophiles and Extremophiles (D) Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
7. What is the protein shell of a virus?
(A) Capsid (C) Bacteriophages
(B) Host (D) Eubacteria
8. A virus infecting bacteria that have a hexagonal head, tail, and tail fibers are called ________.
(A) Capsid (C) Bacteriophages
(B) Host (D) Eubacteria
9. _____________ resemble molds with their long and highly branched hyphae and also an
important sources of antibiotics.
(A) Actinomycetes (C) Streptomyces
(B) Thermomonospora (D) Bacteriochlorophyll
10. This serves as the site of protein synthesis.
(A) Volutin (C) Spores
(B) Ribosome (D) Lysosome
11. These are very small membrane-bound particles that contain and release digestive
enzymes. They also contribute to the digestion of nutrients and invading substances.
(A) Ribosomes (C) Glyoxysomes
(B) Lysosomes (D) Peroxisomes
12. These are small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells that carry out oxidative
reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide.
 (A) Ribosomes (C) Glyoxysomes
(B) Lysosomes (D) Peroxisomes
13. ____________ are membrane-bound organelles of low density and are responsible for food
digestion, osmotic regulation, and waste product storage.
(A) Vacuoles (C) Enzymes
(B) Volutins (D) Chloroplasts

ANSWER FOR QUESTIONS 1-50:

Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer
1 C 11 B 21 31 41
2 B 12 D 22 32 42
3 A 13 A 23 33 43
4 D 14 24 34 44
5 A 15 25 35 45
6 D 16 26 36 46
7 A 17 27 37 47
8 C 18 28 38 48
9 A 19 29 39 49
10 B 20 30 40 50