CHAPTER TWO: AN OVERVIEW OF

BIOLOGICAL BASICS
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
1. What do cells that grow best at low temperatures (below 20°C) are called?
(A) Mesophiles (C) Psychrophiles
(B) Thermophiles (D) Extremophiles
2. A cell with a spherical or elliptical shape is often called ________________.
(A) Bacillus (C) Escherichia
(B) Coccus (D) Spirillum
3. A cell with a cylindrical shape is called ______________.
(A) Bacillus (C) Escherichia
(B) Coccus (D) Spirillum
4. _______________ is the development of approaches to organize and summarize our
knowledge about the variety of organisms that exist.
(A) Anatomy (C) Biology
(B) Bacteriology (D) Taxonomy
5. It refers to the actual naming of organisms.
(A) Nomenclature (C) Taxonomy
(B) Bacteriology (D) Biology
6. What are the two primary cell types that differ from the presence or absence of a
membrane around the cell’s genetic information?
(A) Aerobic and Anaerobic (C) Bacteria and Archaea
(B) Psychrophiles and Extremophiles (D) Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
7. What is the protein shell of a virus?
(A) Capsid (C) Bacteriophages
(B) Host (D) Eubacteria
8. A virus infecting bacteria that have a hexagonal head, tail, and tail fibers are called ________.
(A) Capsid (C) Bacteriophages
(B) Host (D) Eubacteria
9. _____________ resemble molds with their long and highly branched hyphae and also an
important sources of antibiotics.
(A) Actinomycetes (C) Streptomyces
(B) Thermomonospora (D) Bacteriochlorophyll
10. This serves as the site of protein synthesis.
(A) Volutin (C) Spores
(B) Ribosome (D) Lysosome
11. These are very small membrane-bound particles that contain and release digestive
enzymes. They also contribute to the digestion of nutrients and invading substances.
(A) Ribosomes (C) Glyoxysomes
(B) Lysosomes (D) Peroxisomes
12. These are small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells that carry out oxidative
reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide.
 (A) Ribosomes (C) Glyoxysomes
(B) Lysosomes (D) Peroxisomes
13. ____________ are membrane-bound organelles of low density and are responsible for food
digestion, osmotic regulation, and waste product storage.
(A) Vacuoles (C) Enzymes
(B) Volutins (D) Chloroplasts
14. Viruses infecting bacteria are called _________.
(A) Eubacteria (C) Bacteriophages
(B) Achaeabacteria (D) Capsid Bacteria
15. It is a slime layer which composed of protein-polysaccharide lipid complex responsible for
specific anitigens of enteric bacteria. It varies from 5-10 nm in size.
(A) Capsule (C) Microcapsule
(B) Inner Slime (D) Pilus
16. ____________ is protein of the myosin-veratin-fibrinogen class. It arises from the cell
membrane and is responsible for motility.
(A) Pilus (C) Spore
(B) Flagellum (D) Volutin
17. ___________ does not have an outer membrane but have thick rigid cell wall with multiple
layer of peptidoglycan. One typical example is Bacillus Subtills.
(A) Gram-positive cell (C) Gram-neutral cell
(B) Gram-negative cell (D) Gram-plasmatic cell
18. This type of bacteria usually live in extreme environment and possess unusual metabolism.
Methanogens belongs to this group.
(A) Eubacteria (C) Bacteriophages
(B) Achaeabacteria (D) Capsid Bacteria
19. It is the the small amount of RNA and basic protein attached to the DNA.
(A) Ribosomes (C) Histones
(B) Platelets (D) Gametes
20. ________ is the powerhouse of the eukaryotic cell where respiration and oxidative
phosphorylation occur.
(A) Endoplasmic Reticulum (C) Zygote
(B) Vacuole (D) Mitochondria
21. _______ is a phase of cell division which includes mitosis, where nucleous divides, and
cytokinesis where the cell splits into separate daughter cells.
(A) M Phase (C) A Phase
(B) G Phase (D) C Phase
22. This are very small membrane-bound particles that contain and release digestive enzyme.
(A) Endoplasmic Reticulum (C) Lysosome
(B) Vacuole (D) Mitochondria
23. ______ are membrane-bound organelles of low density and are responsible for food
digestion, osmotic regulation and waste-product storage.
(C) Lysosome (C) Peroxisomes
(D) Glyxoxysome (D) Vacuoles
24. . One of the most widely used yeast which is used in alcohol formation under anaerobic
condition.
(A) Bacillus Thoringenesis (C) Sacchromyces cerevisiae
 (B) Lactobacillus Protectus (D) Paramecium Cilliate
25. Every chloroplast contains an outer membrane and a large number of inner membrane called
_______.
(A) Chloroplast (C) Flagella
(B) Thylakoids (D) Stroma

ANSWER FOR QUESTIONS 1-50:

Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer
1 C 11 B 21 A 31 41
2 B 12 D 22 C 32 42
3 A 13 A 23 D 33 43
4 D 14 C 24 C 34 44
5 A 15 C 25 B 35 45
6 D 16 B 26 36 46
7 A 17 A 27 37 47
8 C 18 B 28 38 48
9 A 19 C 29 39 49
10 B 20 D 30 40 50