Chapter 4

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The flow of fluid with an abrupt change, smoothly contoured change, and for the

overall change of direction was observed to determine the experimental head loss for each

changes. The results of the experiment showed that the head loss in an abrupt change of

direction was greater than the head loss in a smoothly contoured change. The head loss

observed in the experiment incorporates the loss of energy due to the sudden change in

direction of flow of fluid. This loss of energy is mostly due to the flow separation caused by

the sudden changes of the flow in the pipe. In this experimentation, the researchers used the

elbow and tee fittings to change the direction of the flow of the fluid.

It is observed that increasing the flow rate results to a greater turbulence in the pipe

thus, making a larger head loss. Graphing the flow rate versus the head loss in a smoothly

contoured change, abrupt change, and for the overall change showed a directly proportional

relationship to each other. As the flow rate increases, the head loss also increases. The increase

in flow rate also increases the Reynolds number thus, making the flow turbulent.

The experimenters recommend to the future researchers to execute the experiment

properly to avoid the errors and lessen the difference between the theoretical and experimental

values. It is important to check the fluid flow apparatus if there are no leakages, loose fittings,

and air in the pipeline. Lastly, the researchers must also be cautious when reading the flow

rate and when reading the manometer in order to lessen the source of error.