Name: Ch.

Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

6. ON-STREET PARKING SURVEY

6.1. Objective: To find out Parking Accumulation, Parking Volume, Parking Index and
Parking Turnover of different vehicles.

6.2. Equipment: Data sheet, Clip Board, Tape, Pen and Pencil.

6.3. Theory: Parking is one of the major problems created by increased road traffic. The
availability of less space in urban areas has increased the demand for parking space especially
in CBD. It affects the mode choice and has a great economical effect. Before taking any
measures for the betterment of conditions, data regarding availability of parking space, extent
of its usage and parking demand is essential. It is also required to estimate the parking fares
also.

6.3.1 Parking Accumulation: It is defined as the number of vehicles parked at a given

instant of time. Normally this is expressed by accumulation curve. Accumulation curve is the
graph obtained by plotting the number of bays occupied with respect to time.

6.3.2 Parking volume: Parking volume is the total number of vehicles parked at a given
duration of time. This does not account for repetition of vehicles. The actual volume of
vehicles entered in the area is recorded.

6.3.3 Parking Load: Parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve, It can
also be obtained by simply multiplying the number of vehicles occupying the parking area at
each time interval with the time interval. It is expressed as vehicle hours.

6.3.4 Average parking duration: It is the ratio of total vehicle hours to the number of
vehicles parked.

Parking Load
Parking duration = Parking Volume

6.3.5 Parking Turnover: It is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in duration to the
number of parking bays available. This can be expressed as number of vehicles per day per
time duration.

Parking Turnover
Parking turnover = No .of bays available

Transportation Division, 1 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch.Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

6.3.4 Parking Space Inventory: The following details must be collected in the parking space
inventory

a) Number of parking spaces provided in the street

b) Street width

c) Location of bus stops, bus bays, pedestrian crossing, fire hydrant, taxi stand and other
features that are likely to affect the use of the street parking

d) Traffic management measures in force such as prohibited turns, one-way streets, exclusive
bus lanes, etc.

e) Number and type of traffic signs for regulation of parking

f) Private streets, service and rear access alleys

g) Vacant or unused road suitable for temporary or permanent parking space

6.3.5 Methods of parking survey

 Questionnaire Type Parking Usage Survey: The questionnaire type parking usage
survey involves interviews with the drivers who use the parking facilities. As a result
it is possible to collect the information on the extent to which the existing facilities are
being used, the time of survey, the demand at different places, the distribution of
demand over area and the journey purpose of the car parker.
 Accumulation Counts: These are conducted to obtain data on the number of vehicles
parked in a study area during a specific period of time. First, the number of vehicles
already in that area are counted or estimated. Then the number of vehicles entering
and exiting during that specified period are noted, and added or subtracted from the
accumulated number of vehicles. Accumulation data are normally summarized by
time period for the entire study area. The occupancy can be calculated by taking
accumulation/total spaces. Peaking characteristics can be determined by graphing the
accumulation data by time of day. The accumulation graph usually includes
cumulative arrival and cumulative departure graphs as well.
 Inventory of Parking Facilities: Information is collected on the current condition of
parking facilities. This includes:
i. The location, condition, type, and number of parking spaces.

Transportation Division, 2 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch.Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

ii. Parking rates if appropriate. These are often related to trip generation or other land
use considerations.
iii. Time limits, hours of availability and any other restrictions.
iv. Layout of spaces: geometry and other features such as crosswalks and city services.
v. Ownership of the off-street facilities.
 Cordon Count: In this method, the area to be surveyed is demarcated by a cordon
line, which is crossed by the roads emerging from the area. Counting stations are
established at these crossing points and the count is made of all types of vehicles
entering and leaving the area. The difference between these two gives the number of
vehicles parked or in motion in the area.
 Parking by Patrol: In this method, the numbers of vehicles parked in the stretch are
counted at a constant frequency. The frequency depends upon the length of the
stretch, number of vehicles parked and mode by which the road is patrolled. Analysis
of observations made will give parking volume, parking index and parking turnover.
A parking accumulation diagram can be drawn taking time on X-axis and the numbers
of vehicles parked on the Y-axis.

Table 1: ECS values of different mode by Ministry of Urban Transport Development

MODE ECS VALUES

2W 0.25
3W 0.5
CAR 1

6.4. Data Collection:

i. Decide area for survey

ii. Carry out reconnaissance survey to decide length of stretch.
iii. Study should be carried during peak hour and for every 15 min interval.
iv. Collect registration number and type of mode starting from one end. It is carried out
in regular interval.

Transportation Division, 3 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch. Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

6.5. Tables and Graph:

Survey Sheet: The survey should be done as given in table 2

Table 6.2: Field data sheet for parking studies for 2 Wheelers

Vehicle Time (minutes)

Vehicle
S.No. Regd.
Type 2:30- 2:45- 3:00- 3:15- 3:30- 3:45- 4:00- 4:15- 4:30- 4:45-
No.
2:45 3:00 3:15 3:30 3:45 4:00 4:15 4:30 4:45 5:00
2w 1 4425 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 2 7076 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 3 5657 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 4 9956 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 5 7414 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 6 7592 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
2w 7 6006 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 8 1238 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 9 380 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 10 5303 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 11 534 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 12 3525 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 13 6558 - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 14 4806 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
2w 15 6007 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
2w 16 7776 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 17 7967 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 18 3120 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 19 5886 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Transportation Division, 4 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch. Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

2w 20 1702 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 21 6970 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
2w 22 640 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
2w 23 6499 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 24 2672 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 25 8451 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 26 7036 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 27 7071 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 28 2975 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
2w 29 5911 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
2w 30 8580 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 31 4205 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 32 7245 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 33 4480 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 34 142 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 35 6000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
2w 36 4286 - 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 37 4290 - 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
2w 38 4617 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
2w 39 5184 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 40 7079 - - - 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
2w 41 7074 - 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 42 621 - 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2w 43 3601 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 44 3493 - 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
2w 45 6126 - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 46 4637 - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 47 3494 - - - 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
2w 48 1724 - - - - 1 1 1 1 0 0

Transportation Division, 5 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch. Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

2w 49 5902 - - - - 1 1 0 0 0 0
2w 50 287 - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
2w 51 5995 - - - - - 1 1 1 0 0
2w 52 5580 - - - - - 1 0 0 0 0
2w 53 6300 - - - - - 1 1 1 0 0
2w 54 5386 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1
2w 55 3494 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
2w 56 2075 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
2w 57 5792 - - - - - 1 1 0 0
2w 58 6132 - - - - - - 1 1 1 0
2w 59 4142 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
2w 60 6111 - - - - - - 1 0 0 0
2w 61 5065 - - - - - - 1 1 1 0
Total 61 30 38 38 40 41 44 46 44 39 34
ECS Values 7.5 9.5 9.5 10 10.25 11 11.5 11 9.75 8.5

Table 6.3: Field data sheet for parking studies for Car

Vehicle type Reg.No 2:30-2:45 2:45-3:00 3:00-3:15 3:15-3:30 3:30-3:45 3:45-4:00 4:00-4:15 4:15-4:30 4:30-4:45 4:45-5:00
Car 7236 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Car 6996 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Car 4016 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Car 6049 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Car 6902 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Car 6157 - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
Car 4466 - 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation Division, 6 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch. Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

Car 3545 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Total 8 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 6
ECS VALUE 5 5 5 5 7 6 0 6 6 6

Table 6.4: Frequency of different class of vehicle at different time interval

MODE 2:30-2:45 2:45-3:00 3:00-3:15 3:15-3:30 3:30-3:45 3:45-4:00 4:00-4:15 4:15-4:30 4:30-4:45 4:45-5:00
2W 38 45 49 51 57 59 62 63 66 64
CAR 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 6
Total 43 50 54 56 64 65 62 69 72 70

Table 6.5: Converting Vehicles in ECS values

Time 2:30-2:45 2:45-3:00 3:00-3:15 3:15-3:30 3:30-3:45 3:45-4:00 4:00-4:15 4:15-4:30 4:30-4:45 4:45-5:00
No.of ECS 12.5 14.5 16.5 17 18.25 21 22.5 22 20.75 19.5

Transportation Division, 7 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch.Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

No.of ECS
25
22.5 22
21 20.75
19.5
20 18.25
No. of vehicle parkes ( in ECS)

16.5 17
14.5
15
12.5

10 No.of ECS

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time Interval (15 min)

Fig 6.1: Parking accumulation Vs Time interval

6.6. Calculations:

Total 2 Wheeler parked =61

Total cars parked =13

Parking Volume = (61*0.25) + (13*1) =28.25 ECS

Parking load = Area under the graph

𝟏𝟓
= 60 (12.5+14.5+16.5+17+18.25+21+22.5+22+20.75+19.5)

=46.125 ECS-hr

Transportation Division, 8 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch.Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

Parking load 46.125

Parking Duration = = =1.632743hrs
Parking volume 28.25
=97.9646 min

ΣNx∗X∗I
Average Parking Duration = hr
ΣNt

184.5∗10∗15
= =16.32 hr
28.25∗60

ΣNt
Turnover Ratio = P∗Ts Veh/bay-hr

28.25
= =1.13 veh/bay-hr
10∗2.5

6.7 Results:

 Parking Volume =26.75 ECS

 Parking load =47.375 ECS-hr
 Parking Duration =1.77 hrs
 Average Parking Duration = 16.32
 Turnover Ratio =1.07 veh/bay-hr

6.8 Conclusions:

Transportation Division, 9 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.
 Name: Ch.Maneesh
Roll No: 191708

6.9. Applications:
i. Used for analyzing parking demand estimation and parking supply estimation
ii. Number and duration for vehicles legally parked
iii. Number and duration for vehicles illegally parked
iv. Space-hours of demand for parking
v. Supply of parking facilities

6.10. Limitations:
License Plate method of survey is laboratory Intensive

6.11. References
i. L. R. Kadiyali, Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning, edition 7th, 2012.
ii. FD Hobbs, Traffic Planning and Engineering, 2nd Edition, 1979
iii. Introduction to Transportation Engineering by C.J. Khisty and B. Kent Lall
iv. Nicholas J.Garber, Lester A.Hoel, Raju Sarkar, Principles of Traffic and Highway
Engineering.

Web Resources:
v. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/Chapters/parkinglotdesign/theoryandc
oncepts/ParkingStudies.htm

Transportation Division, 10 Traffic Measurement Laboratory

NIT Warangal.