Report on:

Tourism in Bangladesh in 2100.

Tittle Name:
“TOURISM INDUSTRY-THE NEXT DRIVING SECTOR OF
BANGLADESH ECONOMY”.

Submitted To:
Samshad Nowreen
Assistant Professor
Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management
Faculty of Business Studies
University of Dhaka

Submitted By:
Group: Tourism Concord
MBA Batch: 11th
Section: B

Date of Submission: 14 November, 2019

Department of Tourism and Hospitality management, University of Dhaka.

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 Group Profile

Serial No Name ID

1. Mohammad Towhidul Alam 20

2. Md. Zahidul Islam 54

3. Khushi Akter 74

4. Pipasa Akter 94

5. Md. Mamun Hasan 96

6. Shipon Baraik 120

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 Table of Contents

Serial No Topic Page

1. Introduction 4

2. Literature Review 4

3. Imagining a future Bangladesh 5

4. Tourism Master plan to explore potential tourist spots in 6

Bangladesh

5. Beza tourism initiative to transform Cox’s Bazar 7

6. The Upcoming Chain hotels & restaurants in Bangladesh 12

7. The future of transport infrastructure in Bangladesh 13

8. The Upcoming Technology that will affect Tourism 14

Industry

9. The possible upcoming challenges in tourism 23

10. Finding of the study 26

11. Conclusion 26

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Introduction

Tourism has experienced continuous growth and diversification to become one of the largest and
fastest growing economic sectors in the world over the past six decades. This is one of the today’s
most crucial, dynamic and charismatic international industry sectors. Tourism has become one of
the major international trade categories. Now-a-days, the export income generated by international
tourism ranks fourth after fuels, chemicals and automotive products. For many developing
countries, it is one of the main income sources and the number one export category, creating much
needed employment and opportunities for development. Tourism is essential for many countries
due to its capacity to generate income through the consumption of goods and services by visitors
and tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry and the employment opportunity
for the service industries linked with tourism. These service industries include transportation
services such as road, air and cruise ships and boats, accommodation such as hotels, motels,
restaurants, bars and entertainment venues and other hospitality industry services such as spas,
resorts, etc. The global economic and social changes have a great impact on tourism business
development in recent years have given rise to new challenges and opportunities.

Literature Review

Bangladesh government reformed the national tourism policy in 2010. Aims and goals of this
policy is to increase employment, ensure economic development, environmental purity and
sustainability (Siraj et al., 2009). The major objective of the policy is to develop Eco-tourism
through conservation of natural resources and promote well-being of the community, preservation
of cultural values of the local community and their participation and sharing benefits. Government
of Bangladesh launched an act of “Protected areas of tourism and special tourism zone (Kabir et
al., 2012). Bangladesh is the country in the region that have the least arrivals and revenue earned
from tourism industry (Pennington and Thomsen, 2010). Tourism is one of the profitable sectors
in Bangladesh (Elena et al., 2012). Tourism sector of Bangladesh is facing many obstacles (Arif,
Islam-2011). In this current study, data from several secondary international sources have been
used to analyze the pattern of tourism in Bangladesh. Policy recommendations have also been
provided based on this analysis.

Travel and tourism has become a significant sector in the world economy over the past decades
(Blanke & Chiesa, 2006). Tourism is believed to give an impetus to the economic development of
developing countries and its significance is being widely recognized (Durbarry, 2004).One of the
largest and fastest growing sectors of the global economy is tourism. It involves numerous
enterprises which thrive for success in the competitive and dynamic business environment
(Yilmez, 2008). Additionally, it has been found that travel and tourism has become one of the
largest industries all over the world contributing more than 10% to the global GDP (Amin, 2008).
Hence, he also argued that it is crucial to maintain an optimal balance of the natural resources in
order to guarantee the constant tourists’ arrival to destinations.It has been also stated that there is
a strong correlation between the tourism sector and economic development. Tourism can be a

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substantial contributor to economic growth in the years ahead if proper emphasis is put on it and
appropriate strategies are developed (Deegan & Moloney, 2007).Elena et al. (2012) claims tourism
to be one of the profitable sectors of Bangladesh. Also, this country has been famous for its scenic
beauty since the ancient period as well as praised by foreign tourists for its rich cultural heritage
and hospitality of the people (Ali & Mobasher, 2004).Moreover, tourism aids in poverty alleviation
as well as endows with it opportunity for long term earnings, sense of ownership, cultural pride,
reduced vulnerability through diversification and personal skills’ development of the poor. Also,
it offers different kinds of direct and indirect benefits for residents of developing countries,
particularly the poor (WTO, 2002).

Imagining a future Bangladesh

Throughout history, people have turned to astrologers, pundits and gurus in their quest to unlock
the mysteries of the future. Businesses show a big appetite for a peep into the future as the existing
climate becomes highly uncertain. Nevertheless, predicting the future has always been a difficult
business, especially if the prediction is proved wrong. Almost immediately after the independence
of Bangladesh, Henry Kissinger, former US Secretary of State, dismissed the country as a
“perpetual economic basket case”. But Bangladesh has proved Kissinger wrong. In the last 46
years, Bangladesh has undergone an amazing transformation. There has been some good progress
in almost all spheres of life. Therefore, instead of making any predictions, it is appropriate to
analyses all the available statistics, facts and figures and speculate how the current developments
will affect our life in the next 32 years—till 2050.

Gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) terms is expected to grow from
USD 628 billion in 2016 to USD 1,324 billion in 2030 and USD 3,064 billion by 2050. In FY
2016-17, the country exported garment and knitwear products worth around USD 28.15 billion,
and the inflow of remittance was USD 13.53 billion in 2017. Foreign exchange reserve now stands
around USD 33 billion. Apparently, these look nice, although there are paradoxes difficult to
reconcile.

Eighty percent of the rivers lack proper depth. If the government fails to protect the rivers from
pollution and land-grabbing within 2050, these will turn into canals and Bangladesh would turn
into a desert. According to a report by the United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP), the
population of Bangladesh would reach between 230-250 million in 2050. Presently, the country is
adding 2.0 million people annually to the national population and for that it is losing 1 percent of
agricultural land every year. A country of roughly 147,000 sq. kilometers, having a population of
over 160 million, would have to cater for transport needs of 230-250 million people by 2050. Now,
the ultimate question is: will any of this change by 2050? There is a wide range of plausible futures,
and which one happens depends to a great extent on decisions and actions taken today. A key issue
in tomorrow's Bangladesh will be the state of urbanization and housing the extra population
expected by 2040. Planned agglomeration and distribution of future population will be critical for
a sustainable economic and social development. Population projection puts the urban population

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at 83 million in 2041, almost double of the current 44 million (BBS). At present, Dhaka city alone
hosts 16 million people, with a density of 50 thousand per sq. km. If the current trends of Dhaka-
centric development continue in 2040, the city will have to accommodate another 30–35 million
people. Chittagong, the next big city after Dhaka, has a population of 2.5 million with a density of
16000 per sq. km.

For a balanced development, Bangladesh will need to have “metro cities” beyond Dhaka which
can absorb the extra population. By 2041, we can plan for 7–8 metro-hubs with 5 million each, 10
medium cities with 1 million plus each, and 40 smaller towns with 0.5 million each. We imagine
the following regional formations around towns upgraded as “metro hubs,” each one according to
its new regional potential: Chittagong, Rangpur, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Comilla
and Barisal

Mr. Simon Reeves, an eminent British writer and television anchor made this remark during his
visit to Bangladesh. Mr. Joel Vincent, a young Kiwi musician organized Bangladesh tour only for
a week. Captivated by its exotic landscapes and cultural diversity, he extended the trip up to more
than a month.

Mr. Miguel Macias, the Leader of a delegation from Spain comprising twenty-seven foreign
tourists opined “Bangladeshis a land of never-ending hospitality. People of this country can draw
others near very easily. Nobody knows us here, but offers us tea saying “would you like to have a
cup of tea? “Bangladesh has no Tajmahal or Rajasthan, but it offers pristine natural beauties,
charming rivers, breathtaking mangrove forest and many more. Tourists will experience the spirit
of life everywhere in this country. Hence Bangladesh maybe regarded as the Land of Life, he
summed up.

Swedish citizen Jenny Gustafson works for a News Agency in Lebanon. Fascinated by its
charming view, he wrote an excellent blog titled “From A to Z what to love about Bangladesh”.
In this blog, he has given a vivid description of the tourist attractions. It will certainly encourage
other globe trotters to visit this beautiful land in near future.

Tourism Master plan to explore potential tourist spots in Bangladesh

Despite the possibilities, due to lack of a proper development plan, and promotion, many potential
tourist spots in Bangladesh remain untapped. While local tourists and travel groups continue to
explore such places in the hills, forests, and lesser known sites of the country, there is little
government initiative to promote such spots. Bangladesh Tourism Board was formed in 2010 to
develop the country's tourism sector, and increase its contribution to the economy, however it has
failed to put together a master plan in the last nine years to advance the sector by attracting foreign
tourists. However, a process has finally begun to develop a master plan so that the country's
tourism sector gets the forward push that it needs. The major aim of the master plan will be to
develop the tourism sector as a whole, and promotion thereof. In the Master Plan, the entire country
has been divided in into six zones. These are:

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(a) Dhaka metropolitan city, adjoining areas and national forest,

(b) Cox's Bazar, Chattogram metropolitan areas and offshore islands;

(c) Chittagong Hill Tracts region

(d) the Sundarbans and Khulna region,

(e) Sylhet and hilly region, and

(f) North Bengal region.

Beza tourism initiative to transform Cox’s Bazar

Plans have been set in motion for some time now to transform the tourism sector of Bangladesh.
As of now, the government has taken up three projects, specifically Naf Tourism Park, Sabrang
Tourism Park and Sonadia Eco Tourism Park, which are all based in the district of Cox’s Bazar.
Bangladesh Economic Zone Authorities (Beza) Executive Chairman, Paban Chowdhury said to
Dhaka Tribune: “We want to transform the tourism industry within the next five years. The norm
as it stands when it comes to boosting tourism usually revolves around building hotels and motels.
But we want to redefine that and we are currently developing three tourism parks in three islands
in Cox’s Bazar. Our hope is that it will attract tourists from both home and abroad and it will create
scope for additional foreign and local investment.” Beza aims to generate $2billion for the
economy and create two hundred thousand new jobs from these parks, which they feel will also
encourage development across the country. Paban said these Island based ecotourism parks have
massive potential and people want to enjoy their vacations in a calm and peaceful environment.
Beza is set to offer 100% tax exemption for the first 10 years, followed by 70% and 30% tax
exemptions in the 11th and 12th year, respectively. The Sabrang Tourism Park is at the lip of the
island Bador Mokam, where one can enjoy sun rise and sun set on a sandy beach.

Jaliardwip to become Naf Tourism Park

Jaliardwip, the once neglected island is located smack in the middle of Naf River and was illegally
occupied by a group of locals for over 40 years. Today, with Beza’s help the land has been rid of
most of these encroachers and now it is set to become the very first river-based tourism park which
will be called Naf Tourism Park. The park is comprised of 271 acres and is located two kilometers
away from Teknaf and adjacent to the Cox’s Bazar-Teknaf highway. “The park will host various
tourism and entertainment facilities. We are currently in the final stages of the development of the
land for Naf Tourism Park,” said Paban while talking to correspondents at Beza headquarters in
Dhaka. He said: “The electricity has already been transmitted to Naf Tourism Park through
submarine cables as of January 1 and the island was electrified on January 26.” The Beza chair
also said: “We will start to circulate tenders to build a 5.2km long embankment at the park. We
also have clearance from the Ministry of Forest and Environment to operate cable cars.” As per

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Naf Tourism Park project plans, the government is set to build the park inside a 1.2km boundary
wall where 6.5 to 8.5km will be covered by cable cars. The government will also build a 450 metre
long hanging bridge, a 40 to 50 metre long jetty, an oceanarium, hanging resorts, eco-cottages, a
convention centre, a swimming pool, lakes, aqua lakes, fishing jetties, amusement parks, children
parks, parking areas, a designated shopping area for the tourists and six security posts to ensure
safety and security. Upon completion of works, the government will hand over the project to
private investors for further development. The development of the infrastructure is scheduled to
begin on July 2018, with a tentative completion date of June 2020. Sources at Beza said the
government will bear the cost for developing the park which is estimated at Tk230cr. Beza said
they aim to get an additional investment of Tk3,000cr from domestic and foreign private investors.

Connectivity:

Located beside the Teknaf-Cox’s Bazar road.

Only 90 km away from Cox’s Bazar Airport
Teknaf Land Port only 0.4 km from the tourism park
A cable car connection will be constructed from Ne-Taung Hill to Naf Tourism Park (8.5km).

Specialty of Naf Tourism Park

Theme cruise for St. Martin Coral Reef Island

5-star hotel, Restaurant, Honeymoon Park
Multi formatted Food Court & Themed Pavilions
Jungle, jogging Tracks, Night Camps, Eco-Friendly Resorts
Mini Golf Course, Light & Sound Show
Entertainment Zone
Infant Swimming Pool, Cable Car
Sky Bridge
Oceanariums, Water Sports Complex
Game Parlors, Birds Watching and View Tower
Harbor Bridge
Cable Car Hanging
Hanging Bridge

First-ever seafront Tourism Park at Sabrang

Sabrang Tourism Park will be the first exclusive tourism park in the Cox’s Bazar district
encompassing an area of 1027 acres. Sabrang is an amazing hill and sea beach territory,
multifaceted diverse and admirably beautiful. The purest air, lofty hill, sea and lagoon create
perfect conditions for the development of all types of tourism & entertainment.

Location:

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Sabrang in Teknaf upazila under Cox’s Bazar District with an area of 882.26 acres land owned
by BEZA.

Connectivity:

• Road Connectivity: The proposed Park is 5 km away from Teknaf town. Cox’s Bazar-
Sabrang Marine Drive is the access road to the proposed Park and this connects the
National Highway (N1) in a stretch of 5 km.
• Air Connectivity: Cox’s Bazaar Airport is at a distance of 96 km from the proposed Park.
The connectivity from airport to the proposed Park takes around 1.5 hours of travel time
by road.
• Port Connectivity: Teknaf Land Port is only 9 km form the zone.
• River: Naaf river is only 8 km from zone.

Utilities: Electricity: Existing Capacity:

• Teknaf substation (10 MW capacities) is located at a distance of 7 km from the proposed

Park A new solar based power plant of 20 MW capacity has been proposed at Huyakong
(located at a distance of 20 km from the proposed Park).

Telecommunication:

• Mobile connectivity available

• 8 km away from Teknaf Telephone Exchange

Water Supply:

• Surface water is available within 3 km from the zone

• 4 MLD water line will be installed for drawing water from upstream of Sabrang

Industries can be set up:

Hotel complexes, Eco-tourism, Recreational tourism, Business tourism Sports and extreme
tourism, Water tourism, Education & Health Tourism

Advantages of the zone:

• Located with exclusive beach front

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 • Half an hour Sea cruise to St. Martin- a coral island
• 8 km away from Teknaf land port
• 30 Minutes proximity to Cox’s Bazar Domestic International Airport
• Access to the Bay of Bengal
• Well-connected by road and sea
• Availability of local operators in tourism sector
• The river Naaf is flowing between Bangladesh and Myanmar

Offsite Infrastructure facilities:

• Access Road: Road & Highway Department will complete access marine drive road by
December 2016
• Site Development Works (land fill) to be completed by March 2017
• Boundary Wall: to be completed by April 2017
• Administration Building: 1680 sq. m of built-up area with G+ 2 structures within the EZ
to be built by March 2017
• Power: 33 KVA dedicated electric line will be established for investors by March 2017.
• A F Fiber Optic Cable connection will be done by December 2017 through BTCL
Attractive Incentive Package for developers & unit investors.

A new ‘tourists city’ like Cox’s Bazar at Red Crabs island

Sonadia, also known as Red Crabs, is an island located in Maheshkhali and by 2020, will become
home to Sonadia Eco Tourism Park. Sonadia Island, located in Hoanek Union, Maheshkhali, has
an area of 9 sq km. The island is located 7 km away from the city of Cox's Bazar. Its natural beauty
and attractions make the people wonder about. It is the country's main dry fish production center
as well as top attractions in Bangladesh. Mangrove forests and coastal forests, dark blue waters,
sea beaches, red crab, all kinds of marine birds attract tourists in the sea to enjoy. It is basically
known as “Paradwip”.

It is better to go to tourist spot Sonadia directly from Cox's Bazar but to stay in Maheshkhali. Go
to Maheshkhali's Ghatibhanga. Distance from Gorakhghata to Ghatibhanga of Maheshkhali is 24
km. Tourist spot Sonadia crossed the Sonadia Channel after breaking the ghatabhanga. There have
not too much water during the fall.

There are two ways to go to travel sight Sonadia. By walking or by boat during the tide. During
the tide every day, only one trawler left from West Sonadia to Ghatibhanga. The trawler took the
passengers in a while and then returned.

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There are some scenes of life and sea beach image of life; which are laid in the frame of life. This
is exactly the sea beach image. Always glow in the eye; the canals here are transparent, crystal
clear as glass which will help you to make difference between sea beach image and urban life.

There are no people here on this island of Bangladesh. But occasionally salt farmers were seen
sporadically. Sonadia is an island of the sandal of all islands of Bangladesh. When you walk, the
feet are sinking in the sand. There are few people settled here. Most of them are fishermen. Fishing
is their main occupation. There are no markets, but there are two small shops. Here you will get
snacks food only; you can take advantage of tasting the tea.

The west end of the island is quite open. Here is the last settlement. It is filled with green grass
that turns this place into top tourist attractions in Bangladesh. There are solitude and pure air. The
charm of the island is waiting for you to wear on each ward. A wonderful beach is waiting for you
here. Unconditional soft drinks cannot be expected in Cox's Bazar or St. Martin.

It seems as if someone came to an unknown island. Spreading red crabs across the beach that will
take you to the imaginary world as well as to the top attractions in Bangladesh. It seems as if
watching a movie scene. Watermelon is often seen on the island of sand. Here there is a marine
tortoise hatchery. Turtle eggs are collected and kept here. Then the eggs are released into the sea
by raising eggs. This is a non-government organization.

Tourism Development Concept of master plan

On the basis of evaluation of available tourism resources and analysis of potential international
tourist generating markets, the major types of tourism development suggested in the master plan
are as follows
(1) Cultural tourism based on archaeological sites and historical monuments, museums and
traditional art forms such as handicrafts, fine arts, music, dance, literature and presentation of rural
life to visitors in selected places.
(2) River and lake tourism in the form of a variety of cruises and boat tours on the extensive river
system and recreational facilities like the Kaptai Lake and the Sundarbans.
(3) Beach tourism for both international and domestic tourists and development of tourist islands.
(4) Wildlife and native tourism in the forest and national parks.
(5) Recreation tourism in Dhaka, Chittagong etc.
(6) Conferences, souvenirs etc.

Effort to update of Master Plan

Years later, effort was made to revise and update the Master Plan in the light of changed scenario
and emphasis in regard to tourism development as well as to develop a marketing strategy to

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counter the negative image of Bangladesh. Francesco Frangialli, Secretary General of United
Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) during his visit to Bangladesh in 2000 assured
measures to revise and update the Master Plan as well as market Bangladesh as a tourist
destination. It may be recalled that in formulating the Master Plan the UNDP financed the project
and WTO provided technical assistance. True to his commitment, the Secretary General of WTO
took prompt action and Edward Inskeep, an American Tourism Development Planner, came to
Bangladesh on a two-week visit to have on the spot study of the existing situation. He visited Cox's
Bazar, Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Sundarbans.

On conclusion of his fact-finding mission Inskeep prepared a project under which the existing
Master Plan was to be reviewed. Main emphasis, however, was given on formulation of Marketing
Strategy and Image building programmed. all aspects of tourism-beach, cultural, village and eco-
tourism were combined to make tourism products of Bangladesh attractive. The plan included
long-range development proposals for the development of both domestic and international tourism.
The project aimed at integrated national tourism development plan and action programmed with
identification of priority areas. It emphasized on techniques of implementing development, a
marketing plan focused on developing a positive image of the country as a tourist destination. A
Project Document in regard to revision and updating of the Master Plan, as well as a marketing
plan, which Inskeep submitted is possibly still gathering dust at concerned government
department.

JICA project

In addition to these efforts, Dr. Mamoru OSADA visited Bangladesh on a of Project formulation
survey-a JICA financed project and submitted his findings and recommendations on tourism
development in Bangladesh.

The Upcoming Chain hotels & restaurants in Bangladesh

Several international hotel chains have taken up plans to expand their business in Bangladesh to
cater for the growing need for luxury accommodation in Dhaka and other popular locations across
the country. According to industry sources, 15 more 5-star hotels will be set up in Bangladesh to
help the hospitality sector get along with the development thrust as the country pushes on plans to
become a middle-income economy by 2021.Apart from tourists, a large number of foreign buyers,
diplomats, government and international agency employees, and business travelers visit
Bangladesh regularly. The existing 5-star hotels cannot fully accommodate the international

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guests. The demand for luxury accommodation facility will rise further as the government has been
working to attract more foreign tourists to boost the country’s tourism sector. At present, there are
seven 5-star hotels in the country, having a little over 1600 suites and rooms, which can
accommodate around 2000 guests.

Big firms are pouring investment in chain restaurant business, driven by a growing trend of eating-
out among urban people. Consumer demand for safe and hygienic food has also encouraged some
local conglomerates to enter such business, operators said. Three local giants have been on the
scene for quite some time: Transcom Group, Opex Sinha Textile and MGH Group. CP Bangladesh,
a fully foreign-owned Agri- and food business company, prepares to grab a portion of the market.
Steady economic growth and demand for hygienic and quality foods have encouraged big
businesses to pump in funds either to start franchises of global brands or build their own.

The future of transport infrastructure in Bangladesh

Asian Highway is the international connectivity network. Although our government has decided
to get connected with this network, it has not been started yet. Earlier the government was a bit
unsure about the route connecting Bangladesh to India. The route plan was revised later and it
shifted towards Meghalaya through Shillong. The initial route map was designed mostly on flat
terrain that was supposed to go through Karimganj in Assam, onwards to Monipur and then to
Myanmar. There is another route plan for creating links between the south-east part of Bangladesh
and Myanmar. Since the route is planned to pass through Rakhine state (an area where Rohingya
people live), Myanmar government is not interested to cooperate with the project. Therefore,
currently it is feasible for us to establish road links in the north-eastern side for the Asian Highway.
The biggest contribution to the Asian highway will be the inauguration of the Padma Bridge. It
will directly open a road to Kolkata from the south-western part. Another road link can also be
established between Bangladesh and Nepal on the north-western side.

Now, coming to Padma Bridge. Earlier there were several complications associated with the
project. One of the major problems was funding. Development partners like the World Bank, Asian
Development Bank, JICA, Islamic Development Bank had initially agreed to co-finance the
construction of Padma Bridge. Later, they pulled out of the project citing corruption charges. In
2013, the government decided to construct the Padma Bridge with its own funds. It was
undoubtedly a bold step as the government decided to execute a project worth USD 3.5 billion
without the assistance of foreign development partners.

Though the project was supposed to end in four years, the contractors could not meet the deadline.
It is also important to note that from engineering point of view, Padma Bridge is one of the most
challenging projects in the world. We had to devise new construction techniques to cope with the
unique geographical condition of the river.

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To address the severe traffic problem in Dhaka, the government, with the help of World Bank
launched a study in 2003, known as Strategic Transport Plan (STP), for the period 2005-25. This
plan includes Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The capacity of a line of
MRT is quite high as 60,000 passengers can travel per hour in MRT Trains. The STP was revised
in 2010 to include a few more MRT Lines. It can be both underground and over-ground. Due to
repeated revisions of the route for MRT-6, the project has been delayed in taking off. However,
the construction of MRT-6 is now being implemented. It is expected to end by 2021-22. The major
problem with the project is that its construction process is causing huge traffic congestion in the
city.

The contracts for construction of MRT-1 and MRT-5 have also been signed. These will basically
be underground transportation projects. It is going to be the newest addition to our transport
communication system. Bangladesh Bridge Authority is also contemplating about running two
more lines. Ultimately, there will be at least eight or nine lines in Dhaka, which may take up a
minimum of 12 years for implementation. Only then will there be some improvement in the traffic
situation in Dhaka.

The plan for Dhaka Elevated Expressway was adopted in 2010. It is the first public-private
partnership project in our transport sector. Dhaka Elevated Expressway will connect Hazrat
Shahjalal International Airport with Kutubkhali via several important places like Mohakhali,
Tejgaon and Kamalapur. The government will share 27 percent of the costs of the project, while
the private partner Ital-Thai will bear the remaining expenses. The land required for the project
has been handed over to this private company, but it will take some more time to implement the
project since there are some problems concerning land acquisition and resettlement payment to the
private landowners.

Finally, combined effort is the best solution to reduce the traffic problem of Dhaka city. For
example, we see no coordination between organizations such as LGED, Rajuk, North City
Corporation, South City Corporation, while constructing flyovers. Furthermore, Dhaka Transport
Coordination Authority has limited authority to exercise their rules and regulations.

The Upcoming Technology that will affect Tourism Industry

BY 2030

The travel and tourism industry have grown dramatically in the past decades, reaching nearly 1.2
billion international arrivals in 2015, compared to 25 million in 1950. That’s a growth of 4,700%
and this number is only expected to get bigger, reaching 1.8 billion international arrivals by 2030.
It is clear that the big winners will be Africa (157% increase), the Middle East (125% increase)
and Asia-Pacific (87%). While Europe and the Americas are expected to continue growing, their
rate is incomparable to the other regions. According to Tourism Towards 2030, the number of
international tourist arrivals worldwide is expected to increase by an average 3.3% a year over the

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period 2010 to 2030. Over time, the rate of growth will gradually slow down, from 3.8% in 2011
to 2.5% in 2030, but on top of growing base numbers.

Travel personalities 2030

• Simplicity searchers prioritize ease as they plan and experience their travels.
•
• Cultural purists are travelers who want to disconnect from their day-to-day lives, and
immerse themselves completely in the local culture.
•
• Social capital seekers are digitally connected individuals who will make decisions to
maximize social reward. They realize the value of travel to those around them. They want
to be seen and will share their experiences on social media.
• Obligation meters will make their travel decision based on a duty. They may have to go
to a wedding, on a family trip, a religious holiday or a business trip, for instance.
• Ethical travelers will allow their beliefs and conscience guide their travel decisions. This
could be linked to environmental, political or even social issues.

The travel experience will become much more personalized in the next few years, including using
biometrics.

While that seems a bit extreme, it's not outside the realm of possibility that the travel experience
will become much more personalized in the next few years. Computers, through analyzing our
searches online and cross-referencing our preferences, will be able to use predictive algorithms to
make tailored suggestions. This predictive software, as it's known, will also likely take into
consideration the personal data we post about ourselves on social media when developing detailed
itineraries and when we do jet off, it will be even easier than it is today. The flight-booking site

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believes that major technological advances will have eliminated the need for check-in lines and
desks. Instead, you will be able to drop your bag at automated points in the terminal.

Forget having to carry a passport, digital scanning technology will make check-in a seamless
process.

'Biometric face recognition software and machine-readable passports - incorporating a digital

boarding pass - will mean that clearing customs will take less than a minute, and high-speed laser
molecular scanners will security check hand luggage in seconds as you walk past them toward the
departure lounge without even breaking your stride,' Steve Ooze, special projects editor at The
Future Laboratory tells Mail Online Travel. In fact, we may not even need to wait a decade and a
half. At Incheon airport in Seoul, South Korea, for example, departures will soon operate a
biometric immigration system, using facial recognition and machine-readable passports, and
at Singapore Changi Airport's T4, which is due to open in 2017, many similar technologies will
also be utilized and while we may see the beginning of space travel by 2030, many expect the hotel
of choice to be those located underwater..

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Today, underwater hotel rooms are considered rare luxuries, they're expected to become more
mainstream.

BY 2050...

Extrapolating the growth rate from the end of the 2030s to 2050 when the global population is
anticipated to begin to stabilize results in 2.9 billion international arrivals with a range of 2.2 billion
in the low economic growth scenario to 3.2 in the low mobility cost scenario. Modelling by the
United Nations Environment Program produced similar estimates of 2.4–3.1 billion international
arrivals in 2050 for green economy. And by 2050, everything should be connected to the cloud
and the internet. In 2050, robots will compete with humans: the computers that make up their
artificial brains will execute 100,000 billion instructions per second.

It has projected that CO2 emissions from tourism would grow by more than 135% by 2035.Water
consumption by tourism is expected to double over the next 40 years, from an estimated current
consumption of 138 km3 in 2010 to 265 km3 by 2050 in a business as usual. While the United
Nations Environment Program green growth and Yeoman's low growth scenario for 2050
international arrivals represent limited growth from 2030 to 2050. The car will make driving safer
through automated driving. Despite accidents involving automated cars, this area of AI could
significantly reduce the number of deaths and injuries on our roads.
Plane manufacturer, Airbus, recently predicted the development of travel trends over the next 50
years and their planes look like something out of a sci-fi film. According to the company,
passengers will be able to relax in massage seats that serve drinks and vitamins, as well as provide
either a sea breeze or fresh pine scent. Sound showers will help ensure the perfect night's sleep,
while special shades will help block out the light. In 2050, for instance, if thrill-seeking Asian
patrons go in for Amsterdam sex clubs serviced by android sex workers, the authenticity-seeking
sex tourists are likely to exploit the booming sex industry in places like Myanmar.

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The developing world is likely to remain a developing world in 2050 and the tourism industry by
and large will remain to be characterized by imbalanced power relations that mar the industry
today. All in all, "2050 – Tomorrow’s Tourism" is a fun and fascinating read. Hopefully, by 2050,
one can choose not to read such a book at all by getting the ideas from the book transmitted directly
into his or her brain via the internet while sleeping as a sweet dream.

The clincher here is the economic bonanza Bangladesh presents with its resilient growth of which
the world may have only seen a slice of. So, we do need to be seized with the huge gap
between potential and realization that the current state of tourism in Bangladesh depicts. That
way we’ll be able to bridge it.

The world's longest sea beach, extensive mangrove forest, beauteous Saint Martin coral island,
Kuakata offering a view of both suns rise and sunset are there to whet tourist appetite. Bandarbon's
Niligiri blue swathe, Rangamati's Sajek valley where clouds hover and Jafflong-Bichhanakandi
where rocks mingle with water keep beckoning tourists.

Plane manufacturer, Airbus, believes that planes in 2050 will be made of panoramic windows.

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Such stunning windows will make for 360-degrees views of the world's wonders and attractions.

In the next few decades, aircraft interiors will bear little resemblance to the packed cabins of today.

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 Bars are expected to become more prevalent on flights, as well as socialization pop-up pods

By the middle of the next decade, aircraft interiors will bear little resemblance to the packed and
often frustrating cabins of today Each seat will have individual climate control and holographic
communications and entertainment hubs that allow you to watch films and music from your
personal collection on the cloud and chat to friends, family and colleagues as you fly – and sonic
disruptors will stop you disturbing everyone around you.'

It's believed that space travel will impact holidays of the future, becoming a reality for luxury
seekers.

Skyscanner's The Future of Travel Report, however, focuses a great deal more on the ways that
space travel will impact holidaymakers' future journeys. By 2030, they estimate that space travel
will be a reality for ultra-luxury travelers and perhaps by 2050, it will become even more
mainstream.

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And if the same technology can be applied in commercial aviation, long-haul flights may cease
entirely.

Space tourism could be possible by 2050. Rocket companies such as Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin and
Elon Musk’s SpaceX will push the limits of space travel to the point where space tourism will be
possible in 2050. So, we can travel to Mars and discover this planet.

BY 2100...

In the next century, the sky is the limit - quite literally. According to researchers at the Future
Laboratory and their new report, Sustainable Holiday Futures, giant airships, man-made mobile
islands and intelligent hotel rooms will all be commonplace in the next 100 years. This idea of
zero-impact travel, in which resorts may look like cruise ships in the sky, will leave no
environmental trace whatsoever.

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Man-made mobile islands will be commonplace in the next 100 years as will the idea of zero-
impact travel.

In hotel rooms, everything will be automated and highly-personalized. Many hotels have already
begun to roll out iPad-controlled lights, sound and room service features and that will only grow
in popularity in the coming decades. But futurologist Ian Pearson predicts the that the hotel room
of tomorrow will take this technology a step further. In his opinion, we can expect hotel bedrooms
to incorporate pillows with sleep-aiding massage technology and holographic wall systems that
will project personal trainers or even friends and family in 3D. Probably no human being alive
currently worries how tourism will be in 2100.Although people are curious and make their positive
and negative conjectures about what will happen next century. A survey in 2018 to 6,000 frequent
tourists on travelling methods sited in Canada, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and
the United States saw the future of the sector excited about future ways of travelling.

Tourists in favor of teleportation

In the near future the number of international tourists is predicted to increase by 3.3% per year up
to 2030, reaching 1.8 billion tourist arrivals. The fastest growth will be in emerging economies in
Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

It is very possible that the leisure industry continues to grow when the 12 chimes of 2099 sound
announcing the 2100.

Climate change. Bad bets for world tourism.

Scientists from all over the world agree that climate change could affect tourism demand
worldwide.

Altered climatic conditions may influence the relative allure of many regions.

Specialists believe that by 2100, that problem could have been solved by making everything a
solar energy collector, from the paint in our house to the asphalt on the road.

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In 2100 solar energy will be crucial, with a huge impact on each person every minute of their daily
life experts said. Tourism as a rising human activity despite the obstacles it faces in today’s world
also be able to adjust to 2100 future.

And we may not even need planes at all! Teleportation could be a regular occurrence by 2080

The possible upcoming challenges in tourism

Bangladesh is a tropical country and its climate, environment and ecology is enriched with much
diversified flora and fauna. Due to its geographic setting, mostly low-lying deltaic landforms and
close proximity to the Bay of Bengal, the country is one of most vulnerable countries to climate
change impacts. As noted in due to the climate change impacts, Bangladesh is already experiencing
increased temperature, erratic rainfall pattern and distribution, sea level rise and salinity intrusion
at an accelerated rate and increased disaster intensity etc. These will become pressing issues in the
future.

Bangladesh a disaster-prone country owing to its hydrological and geo-morphological realities.

The remarkable development gained over the last few decades are being gradually outweighed due
to negative impacts of climate change. Given the evolving climate change, the country has been
facing extreme climatic events more frequently.

A recent study conducted by the DoE reveals that the overall trend of sea level rise in the coastal
zone of Bangladesh in the last 30 years has been 6-21 mm/year. It also warns that the global

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warming at the end of the 21st century is likely to be at least 1.5°C in all except the low-emissions
scenario. Over the period 1901 to 2010, global MSL rose by 0.17 to 0.21 meter. Global MSL will
continue to rise during the 21st century and it will rise by 26 cm–98 cm by the end of the 21st
century. This will have consequences for South Asia’s coastal settlements, as well as for coastal
economies, cultures and ecosystems. Low lying, densely populated coastal areas in South Asia,
including in Bangladesh, will be at increased risk of storm surges. Accordingly, approximately 40
million people of 70 Upazillas under 19 coastal districts of Bangladesh are under the direct threat
of displacement being homeless.

Increasingly frequent and severe tropical cyclones, with higher wind speeds and storm surges
leading to more damage in the coastal region;

Higher river flows, causing over-topping and breaching of embankments and widespread flooding
in rural and urban areas and drainage congestion,

River bank erosion resulting in loss of homes and agricultural land to the rivers;

Increased sedimentation in riverbeds leading to drainage congestion and water logging;

Melting of the Himalayan glaciers, leading to higher river flows in the warmer months of the year,
followed by lower river flows and increased saline intrusion after the glaciers have shrunk or
disappeared;

Lower and more erratic rainfall, resulting in increasing droughts, especially in drier northern and
western regions of the country;

Sea level rises leading to submergence of low-lying coastal areas and saline water intrusion up
coastal rivers and into groundwater aquifers, reducing freshwater availability; damage to the
Sundarbans mangrove forest, a World Heritage site with rich biodiversity; and drainage congestion
inside coastal polders, which will adversely affect agriculture.

There are many environmental challenges facing Bangladesh including water shortages, land
degradation, deforestation, air pollution, water pollution, and ground water quality. Urban area is
heavily industrialized with most of the industries located in Dhaka, Narayanganj, Narsingdi and
Mymensingh. Buriganga and Turag River are the two major rivers of Dhaka. They are most
susceptible to water pollution as tannery (24 nos.), fabric dying and chemical processing (34 nos.),
fabric washing (68 nos.), garments (1621 nos.), plastic products (50 nos.) etc industries are located
on the banks of these two rivers (CEGIS, 2015). Dumping of untreated effluent has caused major
degradation of water quality of these rivers.

One distinguishes flooding (normal rainwater flooding) and floods (tidal, storm surges, river-in
floods) in the coastal zone. Development differs between distinct flood types, as well as that
insights in extreme events, and possible policy actions against it need more attention.

Several areas in the coastal zone (Western part and Noakhali mainland) suffer from extensive and
permanent water logging. Reasons behind water logging are complex and differ between regions,

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as well as their expected future development. Drainage capacity of the area and Peripheral rivers
is a main concern and is expected to be heavily impacted in future conditions.

In the dynamic morphological environment of Bangladesh, riverbank and coastal erosion will
remain as significant issue. Large scale sediment transport in rivers is mainly activated due to
higher discharges, which are projected to occur more often in the future into the Meghna Estuary.
It is however not very clear that how much sediment load is available in the Ganges- the
Brahmaputra- the Meghna basins (e.g. impact of upstream developments) . It is also not clear that
ow sediment transport is influenced by SLR and accompanying changes in tidal influence.

Large areas (mostly western) in the coastal zone suffer from a deficit of freshwater availability,
mainly in the dry season. Drinking water supply (large problem for southwestern regions) and
sanitation are treated separately, but shortages are equally felt for agricultural production and the
highly vulnerable Sundarbans forest. Projected decreases of transboundary freshwater inflows, sea
level rise, as well as possible unprecedented increases in specific demands makes freshwater
availability an important key issue for the coastal zone.

In addition to problems related to the salinity balance in the Sundarbans and many wetlands in the
coastal zone. floodplain connectivity, urbanization pressure and water quality issues (effluents
from industry, agriculture and aquaculture), environmental degradation of natural resources in the
coastal zone need ample attention and should be assessed for future conditions. Climate Change
and Food Security

Provided strong evidence that climate change will become a major threat to Bangladesh’s
aspirations to ensure food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Agriculture,
including horticulture, forestry, livestock and fisheries, is the most climate-sensitive sector must
therefore adapt to the impacts of climate change to improve the resilience of food production
systems in order to feed a growing population. Since water is critical to agriculture, managing our
water resources and addressing the vagaries of climate change will have to be co-integrated
national strategies. That remains a major long-term challenge of Bangladesh agriculture and must
be addressed as an integral part of the overall development agenda and under the BDP 2100.

In the moderate scenario posited by the Inter-Governmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC),
global temperatures are expected to rise by 2°C by 2050 and another 3 - 4°C by the end of this
century. Even under the moderate scenario, the Bangladesh Delta, and particularly its agriculture,
faces severe challenges of falling crop yields, loss of agricultural land, decreasing quality of
aquifer, loss of biodiversity, and extreme weather events, the combined effects of which could
seriously threaten livelihoods of people dependent on agriculture and related occupations.

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Findings of the study

 Eighty percent of the rivers lack proper depth. If the government fails to protect the rivers
from pollution and land-grabbing within 2050, these will turn into canals and Bangladesh
would turn into a desert.

 Presently, the country is adding 2.0 million people annually to the national population and
for that it is losing 1 percent of agricultural land every year.

 There is a wide range of plausible futures, and which one happens depends to a great extent
on decisions and actions taken today.

 Despite the possibilities, due to lack of a proper development plan, and promotion, many
potential tourist spots in Bangladesh remain untapped.

 Bangladesh has failed to put together a master plan in the last nine years to advance the
sector by attracting foreign tourists.

 Many changes were observed in the demographic structure of the population as well as the
socio-economic levels. These changes should have a tremendous effect on the relative
demand for tourism products and services.

 While that seems a bit extreme, it's not outside the realm of possibility that the travel
experience will become much more personalized in the next few years.

Conclusion

The simple and friendly people of Bangladesh along with its indigenous communities, which live
isolated from modern society and possess their own distinct culture and way of life, make
Bangladesh a unique attraction for tourists. Bangladeshis are always happy to extend their
hospitability to visitors, who should find it an enjoyable place, especially with the improvement
of law and order in the country. The tourism resources of Bangladesh are immense, and the
government of Bangladesh has given due importance to the development of the tourism sector.
The significance of tourism is viewed from many angles like economic, social, cultural, political,
etc. Tourism is now the fastest growing and single largest industry of the world. The industry has
attained the impressive growth world-wide in terms of tourist arrivals and foreign exchange
earnings which has led the ever-increasing competition among the destination countries and gained
the top priority in most of the destination countries. Every destination country is trying to attract
more tourists by drawing the attention and growing the interest among the potential tourists
through adopting effective marketing strategies because tourism is a field where the customers
want to know in advance about the attractions and facilities of the destination. Marketers need to
provide such necessary information to the prospective tourists through different promotional
measures and thus, try to motivate and attract them to the sponsor’s destination. Though the growth
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of tourism is impressive world-wide, the same in Bangladesh is not so. It is not because of lack of
eye-catching tourist’s attraction to the destination of Bangladesh, rather it is the result of
inadequate promotional measures. The contribution of Bangladesh tourism to the world tourism is
very negligible. Even the position of the country among the SAARC countries is at the bottom
line. As a result, the contribution of tourism in the economy of Bangladesh is very insignificant.
So, the concern authority needs to give priority and adopt necessary strategies in order to attract a
significant number of foreign tourists to visit the land as well as the development of this industry.

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