8085 Microprocessor Architecture

elprocus.com/8085-microprocessor-architecture/

February 7,
2019

Generally, the 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor, and it was launched by Intel team in the
year of 1976 with the help of NMOS technology. This processor is the updated version of
the microprocessor. The configurations of 8085 microprocessor mainly include data bus-
8-bit, address bus-16 bit, program counter-16-bit, stack pointer-16 bit, registers 8-bit,
+5V voltage supply and works at 3.2 MHz single segment CLK. The applications of 8085
microprocessor include microwave ovens, washing machines, gadgets, etc. This article
discusses an overview of what is 8085 microprocessor architecture.

The architecture of 8085 microprocessor mainly includes the timing & control unit,
Arithmetic and logic unit, decoder, instruction register, interrupt control, a register array,
serial input/output control. The most important part of the microprocessor is the central
processing unit.

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 8085 Architecture

Operations of 8085 Microprocessor

The main operation of ALU is arithmetic as well as logical which includes addition,
increment, subtraction, decrement, logical operations like AND, OR, Ex-OR, complement,
evaluation, left shift or right shift. Both the temporary registers as well as accumulators
are utilized for holding the information throughout in the operations then the outcome
will be stored within the accumulator. The different flags are arranged or rearrange
based on the outcome of the operation.

Flag Registers
The flag registers of microprocessor 8085 are classified into five types namely sign, zero,
auxiliary carry, parity and carry. The positions of bit set aside for these types of flags.
After the operation of an ALU, when the result of the most significant bit (D7) is one, then
the sign flag will be arranged. When the operation of the ALU outcome is zero then the
zero flags will be set. When the outcome is not zero then the zero flags will be reset.

In an arithmetic process, whenever a carry is produced with the lesser nibble, then an
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auxiliary type carry flag will be set. After an ALU operation, when the outcome has an
even number then the parity flag will be set, or else it is reset. When an arithmetic
process outcome in a carry, then carry flag will be set or else it will be reset. Between the
five types of flags, the AC type flag is employed on the inside intended for BCD arithmetic
as well as remaining four flags are used with the developer to make sure the conditions
of the outcome of a process.

Control and Timing Unit

The control and timing unit coordinates with all the actions of the microprocessor by the
clock and gives the control signals which are required for communication among the
microprocessor as well as peripherals.

Decoder and Instruction Register

As an order is obtained from memory after that it is located in the instruction register,
and encoded & decoded into different device cycles.

Register Array
The general purpose programmable registers are classified into several types apart from
the accumulator such as B, C, D, E, H, & L. These are utilized as 8-bit registers otherwise
coupled to stock up the l6 bit of data. The permitted couples are BC, DE & HL, and the
short term W & Z registers are used in the processor & it cannot be utilized with the
developer.

Special Purpose Registers

These registers are classified into four types namely program counter, stack pointer,
increment or decrement register, address buffer or data buffer.

Program Counter
This is the first type of special purpose register and considers that the instruction is
being performed by the microprocessor. When the ALU completed performing the
instruction, then the microprocessor searches for other instruction to be performed.
Thus, there will be a requirement of holding the next instruction address to be
performed in order to conserve time. Microprocessor increases the program when an
instruction is being performed, therefore that the program counter position to the next
instruction memory address is going to be performed…

Stack Pointer in 8085

The SP or stack pointer is a 16-bit register and functions similar to a stack, which is
constantly increased or decreased with two throughout push and pop processes.

Increment or Decrement Register

The 8-bit register contents or else a memory position can be increased or decreased with
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one. The 16-bit register is useful for incrementing or decrementing program counters as
well as stack pointer register content with one. This operation can be performed on any
memory position or any kind of register.

Address-Buffer & Address-Data-Buffer

Address buffer stores the copied information from the memory for the execution. The
memory & I/O chips are associated with these buses; then the CPU can replace the
preferred data by I/O chips and the memory.

Address Bus and Data Bus

The data bus is useful in carrying the related information that is to be stock up. It is bi-
directional, but address bus indicates the position as to where it must be stored & it is
uni-directional, useful for transmitting the information as well as address input/output
devices.

Timing & Control Unit

The timing & control unit can be used to supply the signal to the 8085 microprocessor for
achieving the particular processes. The timing and control units are used to control the
internal as well as external circuits. These are classified into four types namely control
units like RD’ ALE, READY, WR’, status units like S0, S1, and IO/M’, DM like HLDA, and
HOLD unit, RESET units like RST-IN and RST-OUT.

8085 Microprocessor Instruction Set

The instruction set of 8085 microprocessor is nothing but instruction codes used to
achieve an exact task, and instruction sets are categorized into various types namely
control, logical, branching, arithmetic, and data transfer instructions.

Addressing Modes of 8085

The addressing modes of 8085 microprocessor can be defined as the commands offered
by these modes which are utilized for denoting the information in different forms
without altering the content. These classified into five groups namely immediate,
register, direct, indirect and implied addressing mode.

Thus, this is all about 8085 architecture. From the above information finally, we can
conclude that 8085 microprocessor features are it is an 8-bit microprocessor, enclosed
with 40-pins, uses +5V supply voltage for the operation. It consists of the 16-bit stack
pointer and program counter, and 74-instruction sets, and many more. Here is a
question for you, what are the applications of 8085 microprocessor?

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