PMDS

PATRONAGE OF MARY DEVELOPMENT SCHOOL

WE SOAR HIGHER
UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTER SYSTEM PMDS
WE SHINE BRIGHTER
COMPUTER EDUCATION – 10 │ LESSON - 1
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
a. Understand the key concept of
computer system.
b. Identify the different parts,
components, and functions of a
Computer System.
c. Illustrate the basic components
of computer system.
WHAT IS COMPUTER ?
COMPUTER is an electronic
device that takes data as an
input  and processes it under the
control of a set of instructions
(called PROGRAM) and then
produces a result (output), and
all the set is called as
COMPUTER SYSTEM.
COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM
All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:

Memory: It is used to store data and

programs. It may be temporary or permanent.
• RAM
• ROM
Mass Storage Device: Allows a computer to
store large amount of data permanently.
• Hard Disk
Input Device: Any device that sends data to a
computer is called input device.
• Keyboard
• Mouse
COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM
All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:

Output Device:  Any device  that outputs information or 

data from a computer to another device is called
OUTPUT DEVICE.
• Display Screen
• Printer
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
• This is also called as heart of the computer, CPU is
responsible for  executes instructions.
• It receives data input, executes instructions, processes
information and then generate appropriate result.
• Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,
but more commonly called processor.
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:
CPU
MEMORY UNIT

INPUT UNIT CONTROL UNIT OUTPUT UNIT

KEYBOARD MONITOR
MOUSE PRINTER
ALU

SECONDARY MAGNETIC TAPE

STORAGE DEVICE DISK, DVD
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:
Input Unit:
• Computers need to receive data and instruction in order to
process the task.
• Therefore we need to input the data and instructions into the
computers.
• Keyboard and mouse is the one of the most commonly used
input device.

Output Unit :
• The output unit of a computer receive output from CPU
(Central Processing Unit).
• Example of Output Unit is Printers, Monitor, etc.
• Other commonly used output devices are floppy disk drive,
hard disk drive, and magnetic tape drive.
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:
Control Unit (CU):
• It controls all other units in the computer.
• The control unit     instructs the input unit,
where to store the data after receiving it from
the user.
• A control unit (CU) handles all processor
control signals, control unit directs the entire 
computer system its also communicate with
both the arithmetic logic unit  (ALU) and
main memory.
• The control Unit or CU Controls or
coordinates all activities performed in a
computer system.
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:

Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU):

• All calculations are performed in the
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of the
computer.
• It also does comparison and takes decision.
• Arithmetic operation comprises of
(Addition, subtraction, division,
multiplication) and the logical unit carries
out the operation such (AND, OR, Equal,
less than, greater then).
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:
Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU):
• Data is transferred to ALU from storage
unit when required.
• Whenever calculations are required, the
control unit transfers the data from
storage unit to ALU once the
computations are done, the results are
transferred to the storage unit by the
control unit and then it is send to the
output unit for displaying results.
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:
Main Memory unit (MMU):
• The main memory unit is used for
storage of the copy of the main
software program that controls the
general operation of the computer
and temporary storage of a copy of
application program instruction, to
be received by CPU for
interpretation and processing or
execution.
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:

Storage Unit:
Storage unit is the unit which gives
space to store data or instruction of
processed data.
• It stores information or instruction
• It stores Results
• It stores consequence of prepared data
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:

Primary Storage: 
• They are also called as Main memory or in other
words as RAM (Random Access Memory).
• The primary Storage cannot store huge amount
of data, and the data store in this memory is
temporary (The data is lost when there is power
failure), it is also called as temporary memory,
they are very expensive.
• The other example of primary Storage is L1
Cache of Processor, RAM
COMPONENTS SYTEM: PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
The Basic components of computer system are given below:
Secondary Storage: 
• Secondary storage are also called as
permanent storage unit as when the data
store in this memory are stored permanently.
• The data remains in this memory even when
there is a power failure or shutdown, they
are much more cheaper then primary
memory.
• The Example of Secondary Storage are Hard
disk and Zip drives
TYPES OF
COMPUTER
TYPES OF
COMPUTER
Computer system types Operational Based:
Analog Computers:
• Analog computer can perform several
mathematical operations simultaneously. These
are almost extinct now.
Digital Computers:
• These types of computer uses 0 and 1 for data
processing where 0 is for ON and 1 is OFF, it use
digital circuits and are designed to operate.
• Digital computer is programmable.
• Digital computers are suitable for complex
computation and have higher processing speeds.
TYPES OF
COMPUTER
Computer system types Operational Based:
Hybrid Computers:
• It is combination of both digital and
analog computers.
• In this type of computers, the digital
segments perform process control
by conversion of analog signals to
digital ones.
COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
PROCESSING POWER
The computers are broadly classified into four categories:

Microcomputers:
• These computer uses microprocessor and
its central processing unit.
• These are smaller in size as compare to
mainframe computer.
• It is also called as personal computer, it use
keyboard and mouse as input device and
monitor or screen as output device also
computer memory in the form of RAM and
a power supply.
• These computers can fit on desks or tables.
COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
PROCESSING POWER.
The computers are broadly classified into four categories:

Personal Computers:
• It is small in size, single-user
computer, based on a microprocessor.
• A personal computer has a keyboard
for entering data, a monitor for
displaying information, and a storage
device for saving data.

Example : desktops, laptops, Notebooks, Tablet and Personal

Digital Assistants (PDAs).
COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
PROCESSING POWER.
The computers are broadly classified into four categories:

Minicomputers:
• It is multi-user computer which is capable
of supporting from 10 to 100 of users
simultaneously.
• In terms of size and processing capacity,
minicomputers lie in between mainframes
and microcomputers.
• Its also called mid-range systems or
workstations.
COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
PROCESSING POWER.
The computers are broadly classified into four categories:

Super Mini Computer:

• These are 32 bit word length
machines and support memory sizes
in the range 1M byte to 8M bytes.
• The CPU speeds is nearly 2 million
instructions per second.
• A wide range of fast peripherals are
supported by these machines.
• Its application area is research and
development, process control bigger
commercial organization.
COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
PROCESSING POWER.
The computers are broadly classified into four categories:

Mainframe Computers:
• It is powerful multi-user
computer which is capable of
supporting 100 to 1000 or more
of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe computer are used
by large organization for
processing bulk data and highly
critical application.
COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES ACCORDING TO SIZE AND
PROCESSING POWER.
The computers are broadly classified into four categories:

Supercomputers:
• An extremely fast computer that can perform
hundreds of millions of instructions per
second, it is basically used by scientist or
researchers.
• Its has parallel processing and well-designed
memory hierarchy and large transaction
processing powers its used for study of
Quantum physics, mechanics, weather
forecasting, molecular theory.
 GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER
There are five generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them
(hardware and software).

1. First Generation (1940 to 1956): Using vacuum tubes

2. Second Generation (1956 to 1963): Using transistors

3. Third Generation (1964 to 1971): Using integrated circuits

4. Fourth Generation (1971 to present): Using microprocessors

5. Fifth Generation (present and next): Using artificial intelligence

 GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER
There are five generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them
(hardware and software).

First Generation (1940 to 1956): Using Vacuum Tubes

 GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER
There are five generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them
(hardware and software).

Second Generation (1956 to 1963): Using transistors

 GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER
There are five generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them
(hardware and software).

1. Third Generation (1964 to 1971): Using integrated circuits

 GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER
There are five generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them
(hardware and software).

Fourth Generation (1971 to present): Using microprocessors

 GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER
There are five generation of computer each generation is separated by technology used by them
(hardware and software).

Fifth Generation (present and next): Using artificial intelligence

 PMDS

PATRONAGE OF MARY DEVELOPMENT SCHOOL

WE SOAR HIGHER
UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTER SYSTEM PMDS
WE SHINE BRIGHTER
COMPUTER EDUCATION – 10 │ LESSON - 1