CEB MAINS SOLAR GENERATOR

PANEL

TRANSFER
SWITCH

UPS DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

PANEL AC TO DC

BATTERY
COMPUTER
AIR
CONDITION DISTRIBUTOR
LIGHTNING
SERVER

SOCKET

RADIO TELEPHONE ALARM ROUTER SECURITY

COMMUNICATION CAMERA

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Solar system

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 SOLAR
PANEL

Solar
Solar panels generate free power from the sun by converting sunlight to electricity with no
moving parts. The solar panel, the first component of a electric solar energy system, is a
collection of individual silicon cells that generate electricity from sunlight. The photons
(light particles) produce an electrical current as they strike the surface of the thin silicon
wafers. A single solar cell produces only about 1/2 (.5) of a volt. However, a typical 12 volt
panel about 25 inches by 54 inches will contain 36 cells wired in series to produce about
17 volts peak output. If the solar panel can be configured for 24 volt output, there will be
72 cells so the two 12 volt groups of 36 each can be wired in series, usually with a jumper,
allowing the solar panel to output 24 volts. When under load (charging batteries for
example), this voltage drops to 12 to 14 volts (for a 12 volt configuration) resulting in 75 to
100 watts for a panel of this size.
Multiple solar panels can be wired in parallel to increase current capacity (more power)
and wired in series to increase voltage for 24, 48, or even higher voltage systems. The
advantage of using a higher voltage output at the solar panels is that smaller wire sizes
can be used to transfer the electric power from the solar panel array to the charge
controller & batteries

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Charge Controllers

A Charge Controller is necessary to protect the batteries from over charging and supply
them with the proper amount of energy to promote long battery life

Since the brighter the sunlight, the more voltage the solar cells produce, the excessive
voltage could damage the batteries. A charge controller is used to maintain the proper
charging voltage on the batteries. As the input voltage from the solar array rises, the
charge controller regulates the charge to the batteries preventing any overcharging.

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 Battery Size

The size of the battery bank required will depend on the storage capacity required, the
Maximum discharge rate, the maximum charge rate, and the minimum temperature at
which the batteries will be used. When designing a power system, all of these factors
are looked at, and the one requiring the largest capacity will dictate battery size. Our
System Sizing work forms take many of these factors into account.

Monitoring battery voltage and system performance

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It is important to know the state of your system. Specifically, you need to keep close watch
on the SOC (state of charge) of your batteries. By not allowing your batteries to discharge
below a certain point you can greatly improve their performance and extend their life.
Monitoring the Voltage and Current readings in your system will tell you how full your
batteries are and how fast they are charging or discharging. All this can be monitored with
one or more meters. I like to have one meter continuously display the Solar Panels
charging current and a multi-function display for Voltage, Amp Hours, and other functions.

Battery Voltage Chart

% of Full Charge Voltage
100 % charged 12.7 volts
90 % charged 12.6 volts
80 % charged 12.5 volts
70 % charged 12.3 volts
60 % charged 12.2 volts
50 % charged 12.1 volts
40 % charged 12.0 volts
30 % charged 11.9 volts

The Power Inverter 20 % charged 11.8 volts

10 % charged 11.7 volts
completely discharged 11.6 volts or less

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Unless you plan on using battery power for everything, you will need a Power Inverter.
Since the majority of modern conveniences all run on 120 volts AC, the Power Inverter
will be the heart of your Solar Energy System. It not only converts the low voltage DC to
the 230 volts AC that runs most appliances, but also can charge the batteries if connected
to the utility grid or a AC Generator as in the case of a totally independent stand-alone
solar power system.

GENERATOR

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The generator is connected with a big tank containing diesel. It can provide voltage
depending on how many loads are connected to the output. It start when both solar
and main cut off. Its purpose is to allow continuous current flows. It will not be used to
general purpose but only to specific appliances such as communication systems and
computer and even all switching sockets.

CEB MAINS

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ALTERNATING CURRENT FROM CEB (Central Electricity Board)

Mains supply

Voltage supply from ceb provide only when solar panel do not have the ability to
charge the battery at its specific level. The current will flows from ceb till the battery is
fully charge.

TRANSFER
SWITCH

Transfer Switches

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Transfer Switch
The transfer switch provides switching between both the 3 mains. It is being controlled
by a microcontroller and it has been program to do various works.

Automatic transfer switches continually monitor the incoming utility power

to the industry. Any variations such as voltage drops, brownouts, voltage
spikes, or surges will cause the internal circuitry of the transfer switch to
start the generator and will then transfer your power source to the
generator (instead of utility power) when additional switch circuitry
determines the generator has the proper voltage and frequency. When
utility power returns or no anomalies have occurred for a set amount of
time, the transfer switch will then transfer back to utility power and instruct
the generator to turn off, after another specified amount of "cool down" time
with no load on the generator.

A transfer switch can be set up to provide power to only critical circuits or

entire electrical (sub) panels. Some transfer switches allow for load
shedding or prioritization of optional circuits, such as heating and cooling
equipment. 
DISTRIBUTION
PANEL

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Distributor panel

The distributor panel consists of four output 230V alternating current .every output is
control by a microcontroller and can do specific works.

 First output is connected to the transformer which will always allow current to
flows even power failure
 Second output is connected to the air condition that mean when both CEB AND
SOLAR cut off air condition also will be OFF
 Third output is connected to the lightning which will be dimmer when both CEB
AND SOLAR cut OFF
 Fourth output is connected to all computer, server and socket via a UPS and
this will always be activated.

Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

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Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

The Residual Current Device (RCD) NFIN is in conformity with the standards of IEC
1008, VDE 0664, CEE27 and BS 4293. It can cut off the fault circuit immediately on
the occasion of shock hazard or earth leakage of trunk line, thus it is suitable to avoid
the shock hazard and fire caused by earth leakage. NFIN RCD is mainly suitable for
using in varieties of plants, enterprises, buildings, constructions, commerce, Hotels
and families, it can be sued in circuits up to single phase 240V, three phase 415V, 50
or 60Hz. 

Rated current: 25A, 40A, 63A, 100A 

Rated operating current for earth leakage: 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 
Pole: 2p, 4p

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Main breaker

This breaker is connected before the distribution. Actually, the main breaker is the
breaker that the feeder wire connects to it and is distributed in the distribution panel for
the output. This breaker is a two-pole breaker that is connected to 240 volts to power
all appliances. The main breaker acts as the disconnecting means to the entire power
load of your distribution box. With it off, there is no power being fed to the buss bar that
feeds the branch circuit breakers.

The purpose of this breaker is to cut off current in all area in case of emergency.

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RCD (Residual Current Device)

This is an electrical device that disconnects a circuit whenever it detects that

the electric current is not balanced between the energized conductor and the
return neutral conductor. Such an imbalance is sometimes caused by current leakage
through the body of a person who is grounded and accidentally touching the energized
part of the circuit. A lethal shock can result from these conditions. RCDs are designed
to disconnect quickly enough to mitigate the harm caused by such shocks although
they are not intended to provide protection against overload or circuit conditions.

It is classified as follow:

 One Air conditional = 20 amps

 Lighting per studio =15 amps
 3 socket =15 amps
 One computer =15 amps
 A Server =25 amps

UPS

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UPS (Uninterruptible power supply)

One UPS, multiple computers. Only one of them can actually talk to the UPS directly.
That's where the network comes in. The Master system runs the driver, upsd, and
upsmon in master mode. The Slave systems only run upsmon in slave mode.

The purpose of this ups is when transfer switch is in process there will be no surge, or
spike voltage affecting computer, server and socket.

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