METE 60 – Technical Elective 3

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by:
Cereño, Adrianne
Apa-ap, Kimberly
Rebojo, Garyl
Pagaran, Natalie
Dacanay, Rubyen

October 17, 2019

 VENTILATION SYSTEM AND HVAC
I. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION
We look around and we can see buildings everywhere. We have buildings as our
shelters but we also have commercial buildings for some other use. It comes in different
shapes, sizes, and types which depends on the designer or architect. Almost
70% of the city is surrounded with different types of buildings.
Centralized air conditioning system is an AC system in which air is cooled in a
single location and blown to different rooms through fans and ductworks. To meet the
diversified needs of homes, buildings and structures, these AC systems offer different
cooling capacities and comes in various layouts and setups. Here are the main types of
central air-cooling system suitable for different environment. Packaged Central Air
Conditioners combine the condenser, compressor and evaporator in one place. The air
conditioning system is usually installed on the roof or on a concrete slab near
the building’s foundation. Ducts that run through the building’s exterior wall collect air
from inside the structure and returns it in much cooler temperature. This type of central
AC system is ideal for offices and small commercial buildings.
The significance of this study is to provide comfort to the occupants of the said
Office Building. Having a good ducting system with a good distribution of air will help
the employees and all the other people inside focus on their own businesses. Department
Heads can have their meeting at a fine and well-conditioned area in which they will be
able to brainstorm ideas for the company. Employees can even enjoy their hot or cold
coffee inside the building. Guests can also relax in the lounge area while reading
newspaper or watching the program on the television without being intimidated by the
surface temperature. A good ducting will result to a good flow of fresh air which results
to a productive environment for the people.
The first step in building isn’t to reach for a hammer and some nails but instead
it uses a pen and a paper for designing. Designing doesn’t only mean how beautiful the
building was built but it’s for the efficiency of the building for its occupants.
This project contains a design of a Call Center/Office Building. The ventilation and
ducting system is designed very well including the cooling load estimate of the
occupants, wall, and equipment used.
II. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
Prior to the requirement of this subject, the general objective is to design a ducting
system in a commercial building of our choice.
Specific Objectives
o The specific objectives are to calculate the Transmission Load, Solar
Load, Infiltration and Ventilation Load, Internal Load of Occupants,
Appliances, and Lighting.
o To calculate the pressure losses
o To determine how many diffusers will be used for the specific
design.

III. VICINITY MAP OF THE PROJECT

The proposed commercial building is located at Gold Ridge, Pedro N.
Roa
Senior Ave, Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, 9000. This area has an 8°
Latitude.

IV. CONSTRUCTION PLAN OF THE BUILDING

a. Isometric View
b. Front View

c. Side View

d. Top View

e. Structural View
V. COOLING LOAD ESTIMATE
a. Sensible and Latent Heat Load
For the Cooling Load Calculation, it is important to set the parameters
of building, wall type, window type, inside and outside temperature.
Level: 1st and Second WALL COMPONENTS
Floor
Wall: 200mm concrete
block
with 15mm EXTERIOR
gypsum Concrete 0.18

Wall Type: F SHEATING Fiberboard 0.23

INSULATION Mineral
window: double glass Fiber 1.94
w/13mm air Outside Air

space Film 0.029

: light roller Inside Air
window shading shades Film 0.12

Shading Coefficient 0.25 INTERIOR Gypsum 0.08

outside temperature 30
Outside Relative Total Wall Resistance
Humidity 80% 2.579
Overall Heat transfer Coefficient

Inside Temperature 24 of wall 0.387747

Outside Humidity Ratio 0.02447 kg/kg
Inside Relative Humidity 51% %
Inside Humidity Ratio 0.0108 kg/kg
wall resistance 2.579 m2K/W
wall overall heat transfer 0.387747189 W/m2K
window overall heat
transfer 3.2 W/m2K
Window Resistance 0.3125 m2K/W
Assumptions 8.4886° North Latitude
May
Wall Height: 5

(samples shown are just snips from the excel file attached in the Appendices)

TRANSMISSION
 A rea ∗ (Outs ide Tem p. − Ins ide Tem
Cooling Load (Wall) = p.) Wall Resistance

W in do w A rea ∗ (Outside Tem p. −Ins ide Tem

Heat Load (Window) =
p. ) Window Overall Heat Transfer

Do or A rea ∗ (Outs ide Tem p. − Ins ide Tem

Heat Load (Door) =
p.) Window Overall Heat Transfer

SOLAR
(samples shown are just snips from the excel file attached in the Appendices)

Cooling Load (Wall) = Wall Overall Heat Load (Window) = Shading Coefficient *
Heat Transfer * CLTD * Sunlit Area SHGF * CL Factor * Area
 For the CLTD, please refer to Stoecker and Jones, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,
page 82 Table 4-15
For the SHGF, refer to Instantaneous Calculator (see References)

Heat Load (Roof) = Roof Overall Heat

Transfer * CLTD * Area

For the CLTD, refer to Stoecker and Jones,

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, page 82
Table 4-15

INFILTRATION AND VENTILATION

Parameters for Infiltration and Ventilation:

Qs = 1.23 * Supply Air * 1000 * (Outside Temp. – Inside Temp.)

Ql = 3000 * Suppy Air * 1000 * (Outside Humidity Ratio – Inside Humidity Ratio)
Qs = 1.23 * Rate of Infiltration * (Outside Temp. – Inside Temp.)
Ql = 3000 * Rate of Infiltration * (Outside Humidity Ratio – Inside Humidity Ratio)

INTERNAL
(samples shown are just snips from the excel file attached in the Appendices)

APPLIANCES USED

For the Heat Gain of each appliances, refer to ASHRAE Handbook 2017, Chapter 18

HEAT GAIN FROM OCCUPANTS

For the Heat Gain of each appliances, refer to ASHRAE Handbook 2017, Chapter 18

LIGHTING
 From the www.archtoolbox.com

MAXIMUM HEAT LOADS

40% Recirculated Air, 60% Outside Air
Outside Supply Air Room Air Mixed Air
Air

Dry Bulb Temperature, C 30 17 24 27.6

Wet Bulb Temperature, C 27.09 10.68 17.07 23.6
Relative Humidity, % 80 45 50 72
Humidity Ratio 0.0216 0.0054 0.0093 0.0167
Specific Volume, m3/kg 0.889 0.829 0.855 0.875
Enthalpy, kJ/kg 85.3 30.76 47.81 70.304

PRESSURE LOSS
(samples shown are just snips from the excel file attached in the Appendices)
Equivalent Volume Flow ∆P Duct a, b, Velocit
Length, m Rate, m3/s Diameter mm mm y
,m

First Coffee 87.4 0.106958388 3 0.15 100 200 5.5

Floor Shop
 Conference 65.65 0.105355751 3.0464 0.15 100 200 6.1

Room 1 6

Conference 83.15 0.274106728 2.4052 0.24 200 250 5.5

Room 2 9

Reception 52.4 0.015247412 8 0.06 100 200 5.2

Area

Cafeteria 32.9 0.334791659 4 0.21 100 400 8

Lounge 40.9 0.155291115 4.8899 0.16 100 250 6
Area 8

AIR HANDLING UNIT

Total AHU Capacity = m(∆h)
∆h - difference between the supply air and the mixed air.
∆h = hmixed air - hsupply

hma = 70.304
hsupply = 30.76
m= 6.078219
Total AHU Capacity,
Q = 252.9856 kW 1 Ton of refrigeration = 3.517 kW

= 71.93222 ToR
 VI. COMMERCIAL COOLING LOAD ESTIMATE FORM
Design Conditions:
Dry-Bulb Wet-Bulb
Temperature (C) Temperature
Outside 30 27.09
Inside 24 17.07
Difference (Use this value to determine applicable factors.) 6 10.02

BTU/HR
ITEM Area FACTOR (Area x
(sq. ft.) (Circle the Factors applicable) Factor)
1. (a) WINDOWS. Gain from sun For glass block, reduce factors by
(Figure for all windows for each 10%: for storm windows or double-
exposure. But use only the hlass, reduce factor by 15% Load for Each
exposure with largest No Inside Outside exposure
load.) Shading Shades Awnings (Area x factor)

Northeast 1156.689 60 25 20 28917.21735

East 0 100 40 25 0 Use
Southeast 2006.176 75 30 20 60185.27046 only
South 0 75 35 20 0 the 80110.86
Southwest 1780.241 110 45 30 80110.86395 largest
West 0 150 65 45 0 load.
Northwest 1378.748 120 50 35 68937.39755
North 0 0

For calculating gain from sun though windows under overhanging roofs, see example given in Instruction
DESIGN DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE DIFFERNCE
(as computed at top of form)
10 F 12F 15F 17F 20F 22F 25F 30F 35F
 (b) WINDOWS, Heat Gain
(Total of all windows)
Single- glass 13 15 19 22 25 27 30 36 42
Double-glass or glass block 6321.854 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 19 56896.68
2. WALLS
No insulation (brick veseer,
frame, stucco, etc.) 8852.339 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 44261.69
1 in. insulation or 25/32 in.
insulation sheathing 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 9
2 in. or more insulation 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4
3. Partitions
(Between Conditioned and un-
conditioned space)
4. Roofs
(a ) pitched or flat with vented
airspace, and:
No insulation 18 18 19 20 21 21 22 24 25
No insulation, with attic fan 9 11 12 14 16 17 19 22 15
2 in. insulation 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7
4 in. insulation 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
(b) Flat with no air space, and :
No insulation 16145.63 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 38 40 484369
1 in. or 25/32 in. insualtion 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20
1 1/2 in. insulation 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 12
3 in insulation 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8
5. Ceiling
(Under unconditioned rooms

6. Floors
(Omit if ever basement, en-
closed crawl space, or slab.)
Over unconditioned rooom 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
over open crcawl space 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9
7. Outside Air
 Total sqft of floor area 15404.22 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 30808.43
8. PEOPLE
(Use minimum of 5 people) 383 (number of people) x 200 76600
9. SUB-TOTAL 773046.7
10. LATENT HEAT ALLOWANCE 30% of Item 9 231914
11. TOTAL Sum of Item 9 and 10 1004961
Copyright 1957 by Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute

SI (kW)
Latent Heat allowance 67.96727249
Sensible Heat 226.557575
Total 294.5248474
VII. AIR DISTRIBUTION AND DUCTING SYSTEM
A. Equal Friction Method
Parameters:

40% Recirculated Air, 60%

Outside Air
Outside Air Supply Air Room Air Mixed Air
Dry Bulb 30 17 24 27.6
Temperature, C
Wet Bulb 27.09 10.68 17.07 23.6
Temperature, C
Relative 80 45 50 72
Humidity, %

Humidity Ratio 0.0216 0.0054 0.0093 0.0167

Specific 0.889 0.829 0.855 0.875
Volume, m3/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg 85.3 30.76 47.81 70.304

B. Building Floor Plan and Ducting System

FIRST FLOOR

SECOND FLOOR
 THIRD FLOOR

FOURTH FLOOR

VIII. CUT-AWAY PLAN OF DUCTING INSTALLATION

IX. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE REFRIGERATION PIPING SYSTEM
X. SPECIFICATION
a. Air Handling Unit (AHU)

Features
Units are design in accordance
with ARI Standard for coils (ARI 410).
Double wall with 1” & 2”
40kg/m³ CFC-Free PU insulation (HCFC
141b). Isolates insulation exposure to the
air stream.
Wide range of coil offering – 4,
5, 6, 7, 8 rows and 8, 10, 12, 14 FPI for
chilled water. Optimized coil circuiting.
DX Coil (4, 6 rows) and Hot Water Coil
(1, 2 rows) are also available.
All chilled water, DX and Hot
Water coils are factory pressure tested at
400 psig as standard.

Coil tracks enable easy coil removal for complete cleaning and assurance of a dry
unit interior.
Powder painted sloped galvanized steel drain pan with bottom drainage.
Stainless steel marine double drain pan provides positive drainage under pitch and
roll conditions.
Forward curved, Backward curved and Airfoil fan.
oForward curved – sizes 160 to 1000mm diameter.
oBackward curved / Airfoil blade – sizes 225 to 1000mm diameter.
Low leak construction with hex socket compression, type latch and nitrile gasket on
mating panel parameter.
Factory installed unit base of 100mm height, constructed of 14 gauge galvanized steel.

b. Ducting Design

Material Type Aluminum

Max. Flow Velocity 8 m/s
Max. Friction Drop 8 Pa/m
 c. Diffusers

Model: Krueger 5SHR Face Diffuser with Round

Neck
Flush Louvered Face Diffuser with Removable Core
1, 2, 3 and 4-Way Horizontal Discharge Patterns.
Various Frame Styles and Panel Sizes Available
Aluminum Construction
Round Duct Connections
Standard Finish is British White
Ultra-throw, Straightening Grids, and Round Dampers
Available

XI. BILL OF MATERIALS

Particulars Qty / Length Unit Cost Total Cost
6 x 6 Diffuser 47 ₱ 183.02 ₱ 8,602.88
9 x 9 Diffuser 22 ₱ 286.13 ₱ 6,294.86
Carrier 39G AHU 1 ₱ 1,340,443.00 ₱ 1,340,443.00
VAV Box 4 ₱ 16,033.76 ₱ 64,135.04
Rectangular Duct, 100 x 200 1044.6 m ₱ 346,775.70 ₱ 346,775.65
Rectangular Duct, 100 x 250 761.35 m ₱ 265,407.30 ₱ 265,407.30
Rectangular Duct, 100 x 300 112.3 m ₱ 58,703.51 ₱ 58,703.50
Rectangular Duct, 150 x 250 187.60 m ₱ 93,416.30 ₱ 93,416.30
Rectangular Duct, 200 x 250 166.3 m ₱ 103,200.50 ₱ 103,200.50
Rectangular Duct, 300 x 500 149.6 m ₱ 176,161 ₱ 176,161.05

Overall Cost ₱ 2,463,140.08

XII. RECOMMENDATION
For future design and re-installment, it is recommended that duct sizes must be
adjusted to a much larger cross-sectional area. This is because there are some
duct sections where air velocity is very high which can cause noise that can
affect the comfort of the occupants. It is also highly recommended that the VAV box
will be transferred to a more remote area in order to avoid disturbances from the noise
it will generate.