Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY LIPA CITY

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Marawoy, Lipa City
Tel. No. (043)774-2526

November 7, 2019
GROUP 3 - BS PSY 2102
Inandan, Kein Cendie Score: PE - ______
Laquindanum, Rothmy E - ______
Lopez, Jonalyn A - ______
Mercado, Ceejay E - ______
Rabino, Earwin Jay C - ______
Ramero, Kristine Kate Total:

LABORATORY REPORT NO. 2

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CHICKEN LIVER AS

A CATALASE ENZYME AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AS A SUBSTRATE
I. INTRODUCTION
A chemical reaction occurs when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or
broken down. Sometimes these reactions happen by themselves, it is usually very fast and
continuous and give off energy. Other chemical reactions need energy, without which they
would proceed very slowly or not at all. Enzymes can help speed up these types of
chemical reactions.
Enzymes are large proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions which go on
inside living things by acting as a catalyst. A catalyst provides the necessary environment
for the reaction to occur, making the process faster. Without them the processes inside the
body of different organisms will be slow and might stop which will lead to illness or disease.
Certain catalysts work for certain kinds of reactions; in other words, each enzyme has a
particular type of reaction that it can activate. Some enzymes can even be damaged, such
as when exposed to too much heat, this situation is called denaturation. A denature enzyme
no longer work to catalyze a chemical reaction.
Enzymes work by when a substrate molecule bumps into a molecule of the right
enzyme. It fits into a depression on the surface of the enzyme called active site. The
reaction then takes place and the molecules of product leave the active site, freeing it for
another substrate molecule. This experiment will focus on the job of the enzyme through an
experimentation of the rate of reaction between chicken liver (enzyme) and hydrogen
peroxide (substrate) heated under different temperatures.
Liver is important for cleaning up any potentially dangerous substances every
organism consumes, but not all are aware on how it works. Within the liver, as well as every
tissue in the body, many chemical reactions occur. The liver uses specialized enzymes to
help it break down toxic substances and make them safer for the body to process.
Hydrogen peroxide is a waste product produced during respiration; it is produced to kill off
dangerous bacteria. The hydrogen peroxide is broken down, so that it cannot be dangerous
anymore, into water (which is given off when you perspire) and into oxygen (which can be
given off when you exhale). A toxin like hydrogen peroxide must be broken down because if
it is kept in the body for too long it can react with cell walls and damage them or break them
down. To break down this molecule, the body uses an enzyme called catalase. Like most
enzymes, the activity of the catalase is highly dependent on temperature. Catalase is most
effective at an optimum temperature, and the optimum temperature of the catalase enzyme
in the chicken liver is 25℃.
The chicken liver represents the catalase enzyme that will be used in this
experiment, and hydrogen peroxide as a substrate. The rate of enzymatic activity using
different temperatures should be identified at the end of the experiment. The amount of the
catalase enzyme and hydrogen peroxide should be constant in the procedure of the
experiment to avoid jeopardy of the result. The temperature should be adjusted every trial
so that the rate of reaction will be varied and seen. This experiment involves the curiosity of
the students on how enzyme actually works in real life because it’s not enough that it is
explained well. Having been able to witness how it actually works will help students to fully
understand enzyme and how it works that is why there is a need to conduct experiment
about it.

A. RESEARCH QUESTION
What is/are the effects of putting hydrogen peroxide on chicken liver when heated
under different temperatures?

B. HYPOTHESIS
If the hydrogen peroxide is put in the chicken liver and heated in high temperature,
then the catalase enzyme in the chicken liver will denature. It is because the temperature
plays a large role in speeding up enzymatic activity, but every enzyme has its optimum
temperature and if the temperature exceeds to that, the enzyme will die or denature. In this
case, the optimum temperature of catalase enzyme in chicken liver is 25℃, which shows
that all temperature exceeding that will denature the catalase enzyme.

C. IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES
VARIABLES

Independent Variable The different temperature that will be used in the experiment.

Dependent Variable The rate of reaction of catalase enzyme in the chicken liver.
 CONTROLLED VARIABLE
Identified Significance Method of control Controlled
Variable Value
Amount of Using different amounts of hydrogen Dropper and 2ml of
hydrogen peroxide as a substrate in every trial graduated cylinder will hydrogen
peroxide will affect the result of experiment. be used to measure peroxide will
The substrate should be constant for the amount of be use in
the result to be accurate. hydrogen peroxide to every trial.
be use.
Amount of Using different amounts of chicken Weighing scale will be 2 grams of
the liver in every trial will cause the use to measure the chicken liver
chicken enzyme to increase, but since this amount of chicken will be use in
liver experiment will focus on the factor of liver to be use. every trial.
temperature, then the amount of
enzyme should be controlled.

II. MATERIALS
 Chicken Liver
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Dropper
 Graduated cylinder
 Cutter
 Plate/ chopping board
 Timer
 Tissue
 Tweezers
 Gloves
 Weighing Scale
 Water
 Alcohol
 Towel
 Garbage bag
 Basin
 Soap
III. PROCEDURE
1. Before you begin, make sure that your materials are complete.
2. Boil the water using heater.
3. Put 2ml of hydrogen peroxide into the graduated cylinder using dropper.
4. Weigh 2 grams of liver and cut it into smaller pieces.
5. When the water boils, put the measured hydrogen peroxide into test tube and put it
into the boiling water. Leave it for about 5 mins.
6. After heating the hydrogen peroxide, put the minced liver in it.
7. Observe and record the result.
8. Repeat the process according to the temperature needed.

RISK ASSESSMENT
In conducting an experiment, students should keep in mind that there are risks to be
avoided and things that should be properly done when doing laboratory experiment. Here
are the things that should be keep in mind when doing an experiment in the laboratory:
 Be careful in handling laboratory equipments.
 Be familiar with the exercises and experiments that you will be doing.
 Determine the potential hazards and appropriate safety precautions before
beginning any work.
 Make sure that the place is organized.
 Avoid distracting or startling persons working in the laboratory.
 No cellphone or earphone usage in the active portion of the laboratories, or
during experimental operations unless it’s needed.
 Wear gloves resistant to punctures, cut, or moisture. Choose gloves based on the
hazards normally expected for the task.
 Select the right tool for the job. Use sharp items only as they were designed.
 Let falling objects fall. Don’t grab for falling cutting tools, sharp instruments or
glassware. It’s better to clean up a mess or replace the item rather than risk injury
or infection.
 Wash exposed areas of the skin prior leaving the laboratory.
 Follow clean up precautions at all time. Follow safe handling and disposal
procedures.
 Chemical quantities should be kept to a minimum
 After using the materials, disposed it immediately to avoid any accident.
 Leave the table lab clean.