​Communication skill 2nd semester

Ibrar ahmad
bs physics
awku mardan
03015883097 ahmadibrar267@gmail.com

1.1 INTRODUCTION The word “communication” derived from the Latin word ‘communicare’ that
means to impart, to participate, to share or to make common. It is a process of exchange of
facts, ideas, opinions and as a means that individual or organization share meaning and
understanding with one another. In other words, it is a transmission and interacting the facts,
ideas, opinion, feeling and attitudes. It is the ability of mankind to communicate across barriers
and beyond boundaries that has ushered the progress of mankind. It is the ability of fostering
speedy and effective communication around the world that has shrunk the world and made
‘globalization’ a reality. Communication had a vital role to play in ensuring that people belonging
to a particular country or a culture or linguistic group interact with and relate to people belonging
to other countries or culture or linguistic group. Communication adds meaning to human life. It
helps to build relationship and fosters love and understanding. It enriches our knowledge of the
universe and makes living worthwhile.
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﻬﺎرت‬

‫اﺑﺮار اﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯽ اﯾﺲ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮﺧﺎنﮦ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮرسٹی ﻣﺮدان‬
03015883097 ahmadibrar267@gmail.com

،‫ اﺷﺘﺮاک ﮐﺮنے‬،‫ﺗﻌﺎرف ﻟﻔﻈﯽ "ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت" ﻻﻃﯿﻨﯽ ﻟﻔﻆ 'ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت' سے ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲ ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ یﮦ ﮨﮯ کﮦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮکﮦ‬
‫ رائےات کے ﺗﺒﺎدلے ﮐﺎ اﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﯾﻖﮦ ﮨﮯ اور اﻧﻔﺮادی ﯾﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﺎ‬،‫ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬،‫ یﮦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬.‫ﻋﺎم ﮐﺮنے کے ﻟﺊے ﯾﺎ ﻋﺎم ﺑﻨﺎنے کے ﻟﺊے‬
‫ اﺣﺴﺎس اور رویے‬،‫ رائے‬،‫ ﺧﯿﺎﻻت‬،‫ دوﺳﺮے اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻣﯽں یﮦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬.‫ﺣﺺﮦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ اور اﯾﮏ دوﺳﺮے کے ﺳﺎتھ ﺳﻤﺞھتے ﮦیں‬
‫ یﮦ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻮں ﮐﯽ ﺗﺮﻗﯽ ﮐﻮ روﮐﻦے کے ﻟﺊے رﮐﺎوٹوں اور اس سے زﯾﺎدﮦ ﺣﺪوں کے‬.‫ﮐﻮ اﯾﮏ ٹراﻧﺴﻤﯿﺸﻦ اور ﻣﻨﺴﻠﮏ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ یﮦ دﻧﯿﺎ بھر ﻣﯽں ﺗﯿﺰ رﻓﺘﺎر اور ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﻮ ﻓﺮوغ دﯾﻦے ﮐﯽ‬.‫ذرﯾﻊے ﻟﻮﮔﻮں ﮐﻮ ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﮐﺮنے ﮐﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت اﯾﮏ اﮦم ﻣﻠﮏ ﯾﺎ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوپ کے‬.‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲ نے دﻧﯿﺎ ﮐﻮ ﻧﭽﻮڑ دﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ اور 'ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻧﺎ' ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﺳﺎتھ ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﮐﺮنے والے ﻟﻮﮔﻮں ﮐﻮ دوﺳﺮے ﻣﻤﺎﻟﮏ ﯾﺎ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوﮦ سے ﺗﻌﻠﻖ رکھنے والے اﻓﺮاد سے ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻟﻮﮔﻮں‬
‫ اس سے ﻣﺤﺒﺖ اور ﺳﻤﺞھ ﮐﻮ‬.‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﮨﮯ‬.‫ﮐﻮ اس ﺑﺎت ﮐﺎ ﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﮐﺮنے ﻣﯽں اﮦم ﮐﺮدار ادا ﮐﺮﺗﯽ تھی‬
‫ یﮦ ﮐﺎﺋﻨﺎت کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﮦﻣﺎرے ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﻮ بﮦﺗﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اور زﻧﺪﮦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻨﺎ دﯾﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‬.‫ﻓﺮوغ دﯾﻦے ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد ﻣﻠﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‬

1.2 DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION​ Communication may be defined as interchange of

thought or information between two or more persons to bring about mutual understanding and
desired action. It is the information exchange by words or symbols. It is the exchange of facts,
ideas and viewpoints which bring about commonness of interest, purpose and efforts. American
Management Association defines, ‘Communication is any behaviour that results in an exchange
of meaning’.
Peter Little defines communication as, ‘Communication is the process by which information is
transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response result’.
Newman and Summer Jr. state that, ‘Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions
or emotions by two or more persons’
. According to Keith Davis, ‘The process of passing the information and understanding from one
person to another. It is essentially a bridge of meaning between the people. By using the bridge
a person can safely across the river of misunderstanding
Louis A. Allen defines, ‘Communication is the sum total of all the things that a person does,
when he wants to create an understanding in the mind of another. It involves a systematic and
continuous process of telling, listening and understanding’. Therefore, the main purpose of
communication is to inform, or to bring around to a certain point of view or to elicit action.
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺖ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﻮ ﺑﺎﮦﻣﯽ ﺗﻒﮦﯾﻢ اور ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﮐﺎررواﺋﯽ کے لۓ دو ﯾﺎ زﯾﺎدﮦ اﻓﺮاد کے درﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻮچ ﯾﺎ‬1.2
،‫ یﮦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬.‫ یﮦ اﻟﻔﺎظ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺘﻮں ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف سے ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﮐﺎ ﺗﺒﺎدلﮦ ﮨﮯ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت کے ﺗﺒﺎدلے کے ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ اﻣﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﯿﻨﺠﻤﻦٹ‬.‫ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ اور ﮐﻮﺷﺸﻮں ﮐﯽ ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺖ کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﻻﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت اور ﻧﻘﻂﮦ ﻧﻈﺮوں ﮐﺎ ﺗﺒﺎدلﮦ ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ دﻟﭽﺴﭙﯽ‬
.'‫ 'ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﺴﯽ بھی رویے ﮐﺎ ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ کے ﺑﺪلے ﻣﯽں ﮨﮯ‬،‫اﯾﺴﻮﺳﯽ اﯾﺸﻦ ﮐﯽ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﻮں کے درﻣﯿﺎن‬/ ‫ 'ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت یﮦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲ کے ذرﯾﻊﮦ اﻓﺮاد اﻓﺮاد اور‬،‫ﭘﯽٹر لٹل ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﯽ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
'.‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺗﺎکﮦ اس کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﺳﻤﺞھ ﺳﮑﯽں‬
‫ رائے ﯾﺎ ﺟﺬﺑﺎت کے ﺗﺒﺎدلے ﻣﯽں دو ﯾﺎ زﯾﺎدﮦ‬،‫ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬،‫ﻧﯿﻮﻣﻦ اور ﺳﻤﺮ ﺟﻮﻧﯿﺌﺮ رﯾﺎﺳﺖ کﮦتے ﮦیں کﮦ 'ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
'‫اﻓﺮاد ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف سے ﮨﮯ‬
‫ یﮦ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﻟﻮﮔﻮں‬.‫ 'ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﮐﻮ ﮔﺰرنے اور اﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺺ سے دوﺳﺮے ﮐﻮ ﺳﻤﺞھنے ﮐﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﮐﯿﺖھ ڈﯾﻮس کے ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬.
‫ ﭘﻞ ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮتے ﮦوئے اﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﻠﻂ فﮦﻣﯽ کے درﯾﺎ ﻣﯽں ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﻃﺮﯾﻖے سے ﮐﺮﺳﮑﺘﺎ‬.‫کے درﻣﯿﺎن اﯾﮏ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﭘﻞ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﺟﺐ وﮦ ﮐﺴﯽ دوﺳﺮے کے‬،‫ 'ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت اس ﭼﯿﺰ ﮐﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﯽ رﻗﻢ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲے ﮐﺴﯽ ﺷﺨﺺ ﮐﻮ‬،‫ﻟﻮﺋﺲ اے اﯾﻠﻦ ﮐﯽ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
.‫ ﺳﻨﻦے اور ﺳﻤﺞھنے کے اﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اور ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽں ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮨﮯ‬،‫ اس ﻣﯽں کﮨہ‬.‫دﻣﺎغ ﻣﯽں ﺳﻤﺞھنے کے ﻟﺊے ﭼﺎﮦﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﺎ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮنے ﯾﺎ اﯾﮏ ﺧﺎص ﻧﻘﻂﮦ ﻧﻈﺮ کے ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻻنے ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎررواﺋﯽ ﮐﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺮد ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﮨﮯ‬،‫لﮦذا‬

1.3 PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION 1.​ ​For instruction​: The instructive function unvarying
and importantly deals with the commanding nature. It is more or less of directive nature. Under
this, the communicator transmits with necessary directives and guidance to the next level, so as
to enable them to accomplish his particular tasks. In this, instructions basically flow from top to
the lower level.
​2. For integration​: It is consolidated function under which integration of activities is
endeavoured. The integration function of communication mainly involves to bring about
inter-relationship among the various functions of the business organization. It helps in the
unification of different management functions.
3. For information​: The purposes or function of communication in an organization is to inform
the individual or group about the particular task or company policies and procedures etc. Top
management informs policies to the lower level through the middle level. In turn, the lower level
informs the top level the reaction through the middle level. Information can flow vertically,
horizontally and diagonally across the organization. Becoming informed or inform others is the
main purpose of communication.
4. For evaluation​: Examination of activities to form an idea or judgement of the worth of task is
achieved through communication. Communication is a tool to appraise the individual or team,
their contribution to the organization. Evaluating one’s own inputs or other’s outputs or some
ideological scheme demands an adequate and effective communication process.
5. For direction​: Communication is necessary to issue directions by the top management or
manager to the lower level. Employee can perform better when he is directed by his senior.
Directing others may be communicated either orally or in writing. An order may be common
order, request order or implied order.
6. For teaching:​ The importance of personal safety on the job has been greatly recognized. A
complete communication process is required to teach and educate workers about personal
safety on the jobs. This communication helps the workers to avert accidents, risk etc. and avoid
cost, procedures etc.
7. For influencing​: A complete communication process is necessary in influencing others or
being influenced. The individual having potential to influence others can easily persuade others.
It implies the provision of feedback which tells the effect of communication.
8. For image building​: A business enterprise cannot isolate from the rest of the society. There
is interrelationship and interdependence between the society and an enterprise operating in the
society. Goodwill and confidence are necessarily created among the public. It can be done by
the communication with the different media, which has to project the image of the firm in the
society. Through an effective external communication system, an enterprise has to inform the
society about its goals, activities, progress and social responsibility.
9. For employees orientation​: When a new employee enter into the organization at that time
he or she will be unknown to the organization programs, policies, culture etc. Communication
helps to make people acquainted with the co-employees, superior and with the policies,
objectives, rules and regulations of the organization.
10. Other​: Effective decision-making is possible when required and adequate information is
supplied to the decision-maker. Effective communication helps the process of decision making.
In general, everyone in the organization has to provide with necessary information so as to
enable to discharge tasks effectively and efficiently.
​1.5 THE COMMUNICATION SITUATION​ The communication situation is said to exist when •
There is a person (sender/transmitter) who wants to pass some information; • There is another
person (receiver) to whom the information is to be passed on;
• The receiver partly or wholly understands the message or information passed on to him; • The
receiver responds to the message or gives feedback. These four components are essential for
communication. 1.6 THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS/CYCLE The transmission of sender’s
ideas to the receiver and the receiver’s feedback or reaction to the sender constitute the
communication cycle. The process of communication begins when one person (the sender)
wants to transmit a fact, idea, opinion or other information to someone else (the receiver). This
facts, idea or opinion has meaning to the sender. The next step is translating or converting the
message into a language which reflects the idea. That is the message must be encoded. The
encoding process is influenced by content of the message, the familiarity of sender and receiver
and other situation of factors. After the message has been encoded, it is transmitted through the
appropriate channel or medium. Common channel in organization includes meetings, reports,
‫‪memorandums, letters, e-mail, fax and telephone calls. When the message is received, it is‬‬
‫‪decoded, by the receiver and gives feedback to the sender as the confirmation about the‬‬
‫‪particular message has been carefully understand or not.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺐ ‪ .1‬ﮦداﯾﺎت کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬ﮦداﯾﺎت ﮐﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﺎﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﯾﻘﯿﻦ اور اﮦﻣﯿﺖ سے ﮐﻤﺎنڈﻧﮓ ﻓﻄﺮت سے ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬یﮦ ‪​1.3‬‬
‫ﮦداﯾﺎت ﮐﯽ ﻓﻄﺮت سے زﯾﺎدﮦ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻢ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اس کے ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت اﮔﻞے ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮ ﺿﺮوری ﮦداﯾﺎت اور رﮦﻧﻤﺎﺋﯽ کے ﺳﺎتھ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎکﮦ انﮦیں اﭘﻨﯽ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﮐﺎﻣﻮں ﮐﻮ ﭘﻮرا ﮐﺮنے ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد ﻣﻞے‪ .‬اس ﻣﯽں‪ ،‬ﮦداﯾﺎت ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ اوﭘﺮ ﮐﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫سے اوﭘﺮ ﮐﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﮏ پھﯾﻞ ﺟﺎﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻧﻀﻤﺎم کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬یﮦ ﯾﮑﺞﮦﺗﯽ ﮐﺎم ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲ کے ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯿﻮں ﮐﯽ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﮐﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے اﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﯽں ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﮐﺎروﺑﺎری ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ کے ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻓﻌﺎل کے درﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﻻﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬یﮦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﯿﻨﺠﻤﻦٹ اﻓﻌﺎل ﮐﯽ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد ﻣﻠﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬ﮐﺴﯽ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽں ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎم ﮐﻮ اﻧﻔﺮادی ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮوپ ﮐﻮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﮐﺎم ﯾﺎ ﮐﻤﭙﻨﯽ ﮐﯽ ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻮں‬
‫اور ﻃﺮﯾﻖﮦ ﮐﺎر کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اﻋﻠﯽ اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽﮦ درﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ درجے کے ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﮐﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮ ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻮں ﮐﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮﺗﯽ‬
‫ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اس کے ﻧﺘﯿﺞے ﻣﯽں‪ ،‬ﮐﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ درﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ درجے کے ذرﯾﻊﮦ اﻋﻠﯽ درجے ﮐﯽ ردﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮدی ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﭘﺮ‪ ،‬اﻓﻘﯽ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ اور اﺧﺘﯿﺎری ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ بﮦاؤ بﮦاؤ بﮨہ ﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬راﺑﻂے ﮐﺎ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﯾﺎ دوﺳﺮوں ﮐﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻨﻨﺎ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﺧﯿﺎل ﯾﺎ ﻓﯿﺼﻞے ﺑﻨﺎنے کے ﻟﺊے ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯿﻮں ﮐﯽ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ذرﯾﻊے‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت اﻧﻔﺮادی ﯾﺎ ٹﯾﻢ ﮐﯽ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﮐﺮنے ﮐﺎ اﯾﮏ ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽں ان ﮐﯽ ﺷﺮاﮐﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺴﯽ کے اﭘﻦے‬
‫آداﻧﻮں ﯾﺎ دوﺳﺮے کے ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﮑﯿﻢ ﮐﺎ اﻧﺪازﮦ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اور ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼﺗﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ک‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺳﻤﺖ کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﺿﺮوری ﮨﮯ کﮦ ﺳﺐ سے اوﭘﺮ ﻣﯿﻨﺠﻤﻦٹ ﯾﺎ ﻣﯿﻨﯿﺠﺮ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ سے ﮦداﯾﺎت ﮐﻮ ﮐﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﮏ ﺟﺎری‬
‫رکھیں‪ .‬ﺟﺐ اس کے ﺳﯿﻨﺌﺮ ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف سے ﮦداﯾﺖ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ ﺗﻮ ﻣﻼزم بﮦﺗﺮ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﮔﯽ ﮐﺎ ﻣﻈﺎﮦرﮦ ﮐﺮﺳﮑﺖے ﮦیں‪.‬‬
‫دوﺳﺮوں ﮐﻮ ﮦداﯾﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮی ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اﯾﮏ ﺣﮑﻢ ﻋﺎم ﺣﮑﻢ ﮦوﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﺣﮑﻢ ﮐﯽ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ‬
‫ﯾﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ آرڈر‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬ﮐﺎم ﭘﺮ ذاﺗﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮐﯽ اﮦﻣﯿﺖ ﮐﻮ بﮦت ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﯿﺎ ﮔﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻣﻼزﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺮ ذاﺗﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﻮں‬
‫ﮐﻮ ﺳﮏھانے اور ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ دﯾﻦے کے ﻟﺊے اﯾﮏ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﮨﮯ‪ .‬یﮦ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﻮں ﮐﻮ ﺣﺎدﺛﺎت‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮے وﻏﯿﺮﮦ سے ﻣﺤﺮوم ﮐﺮنے ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد ﻣﻠﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ اور ﻻﮔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﯾﻖﮦ ﮐﺎر وﻏﯿﺮﮦ سے ﺑﭽﻦے کے ﻟﺊے‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬اﺛﺮ اﻧﺪاز ﮐﺮنے کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬دوﺳﺮوں ﭘﺮ اﺛﺮ اﻧﺪاز ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﮦونے ﻣﯽں اﯾﮏ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼﺗﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺿﺮوری ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اﻧﻔﺮادی ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﭘﺮ دوﺳﺮوں ﭘﺮ اﺛﺮ اﻧﺪاز ﮐﺮنے والے ﻓﺮد ﮐﻮ آﺳﺎﻧﯽ سے دوﺳﺮوں ﮐﯽ ﺣﻮﺻﻞﮦ اﻓﺰاﺋﯽ ﮐﺮ ﺳﮑﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬یﮦ رائے ﮐﯽ ﻓﺮاﮦﻣﯽ ﮐﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے اﺛﺮات ﮐﻮ ﺑﺘﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﮐﯽ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬اﯾﮏ ﮐﺎروﺑﺎری ادارے ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮے سے اﻟﮓ نﮦیں ﮦوﺳﮑﺘﺎ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﺳﺎئٹی اور ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮے ﻣﯽں ﮐﺎم‬
‫ﮐﺮنے والے اﯾﮏ انٹرﭘﺮاﺋﺰ کے درﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺴﻠﮏ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻋﻮام کے درﻣﯿﺎن ﻧﯿﮏ ﺧﻮاﮦش اور اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺿﺮوری ﮦیں‪ .‬یﮦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﯽڈﯾﺎ کے ﺳﺎتھ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف سے ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﺟﺲ ﮐﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮے ﻣﯽں ﻓﺮم ﮐﯽ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ پڑﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اﯾﮏ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼﺗﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم کے ذرﯾﻊے‪ ،‬اﯾﮏ انٹرﭘﺮاﺋﺰ ﮐﻮ اﭘﻦے ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯿﻮں‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻗﯽ اور ﺳﻤﺎﺟﯽ ذمﮦ داری کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں‬
‫ﺳﻤﺎج ﮐﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ پڑﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻣﻼزﻣﺘﻮں ﮐﯽ ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺖ کے ﻟﺊے‪ :‬ﺟﺐ ﻧﻮ ﻣﻼزم ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽں داﺧﻞ ﮦوﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺗﻮ اس وﻗﺖ وﮦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﭘﺮوﮔﺮاﻣﻮں‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﺎں‪،‬‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺖ وﻏﯿﺮﮦ ﮐﻮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺪار ﮦوں گے‪ .‬ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﻮ ﻣﻞ ﮐﺮ ﮐﺎم ﮐﺮنے والے اﻓﺮاد‪ ،‬اﻋﻠﯽ اور ﭘﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻮں سے واﻗﻒ ﮐﺮنے ﻣﯽں‬
‫ﻣﺪد ﻣﻠﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ ، .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ کے ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اور ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬دﯾﮕﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦﮦ ﻓﯿﺼﻞﮦ ﺳﺎزی ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺐ ﻓﯿﺼﻞﮦ ﺳﺎز ﺑﻨﺎنے ﮐﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﮦوﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ اور ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﺮاﮦم ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﻓﯿﺼﻞﮦ ﺳﺎزی ﮐﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد ﻣﻠﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻋﺎم ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽں ﺳﺐ ﮐﻮ ﺿﺮوری ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﺮاﮦم ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﺗﺎکﮦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اور ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻃﺮﯾﻖے سے ﮐﺎﻣﻮں ﮐﻮ ﺧﺎرج ﮐﺮنے ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد ﻣﻞے‬
‫ا‬

‫‪ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION​ The process of communication involves the following‬‬

‫‪elements:‬‬
1. Sender or transmitter​: The person who desires to convey the message is known as sender.
Sender initiates the message and changes the behaviour of the receiver.
2. Messag​e: It is a subject matter of any communication. It may involve any fact, idea, opinion
or information. It must exist in the mind of the sender if communication is to take place.
3. Encoding​: The communicator of the information organises his idea into series of symbols
(words, signs, etc.) which, he feels will communicate to the intended receiver or receivers.
​4. Communication channel​: The sender has to select the channel for sending the information.
Communication channel is the media through which the message passes. It is the link that
connects the sender and the receiver
.​ 5. Receiver​: The person who receives the message is called receiver or receiver is the person
to whom the particular message is sent by the transmitter. The communication process is
incomplete without the existence of receiver of the message. It is a receiver who receives and
tries to understand the message. Encoding Channel Decoding Feedback Brain drain Sender
Message receiver
6. Decoding​: Decoding is the process of interpretation of an encoded message into the
understandable meaning. Decoding helps the receiver to drive meaning from the message.
7. Feedback​: Communication is an exchange process. For the exchange to be complete the
information must go back to whom from where it started (or sender), so that he can know the
reaction of the receiver. The reaction or response of the receiver is known as feedback.
8. Brain drain​: On whole process there is a possibility of misunderstandings at any level and is
called brain drain. It may arise on sender side if they do not choose the adequate medium for
delivery of message, by using default channel and it may also arise when receiver does not
properly decode the message. In other words, we can say that it is breakdown of cycle at any
level
: ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﺣﺼﻮل ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽں ﻣﻨﺪرجﮦ ذﯾﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮦیں‬
‫ بھﯾﺠﻦے واﻻ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﺷﺮوع ﮐﺮﺗﺎ‬.‫ وﮦ بھﯾﺠﻦے واﻻ ﮨﮯ‬،‫ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم بھﯾﺠﻦے کے ﺧﻮاﮦاں ﮦو‬:‫ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﯾﺎ ٹراﻧﺴﻤﯽٹر‬.1
.‫ﮨﮯ اور رﺳﯿﻮر ﮐﺎ رویﮦ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
.‫ رائے ﯾﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮦوﺳﮑﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ‬،‫ ﺧﯿﺎل‬،‫ اس ﻣﯽں ﮐﺴﯽ بھی ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ‬.‫ یﮦ ﮐﺴﯽ بھی ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﮨﮯ‬:‫ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم‬.2
.‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮦونے ﮐﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽں بھﯾﺠﻦے والے ﮐﻮ ذﮦن ﻣﯽں رکھﻧﺎ ﺿﺮوری ﮨﮯ‬
‫ وﻏﯿﺮﮦ( ﻣﯽں ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲ ﻣﯽں وﮦ‬،‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬،‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت کے ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﻮ اﭘﻦے ﺧﯿﺎﻻت ﮐﯽ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ )اﻟﻔﺎظ‬:‫ اﻧﮑﻮڈﻧﮓ‬.3
.‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮس ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ کﮦ وﮦ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﺳﯿﻮر ﯾﺎ رﯾﺴﯿﻮرز سے ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﮐﺮے ﮔﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼﺗﯽ ﭼﯿﻨﻞ ﻣﯽڈﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺲ‬.‫ بھﯾﺠﻦے والے ﮐﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت بھﯾﺠﻦے کے ﻟﺊے ﭼﯿﻨﻞ ﮐﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﮦوﮔﺎ‬:‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼﺗﯽ ﭼﯿﻨﻞ‬.4
‫ یﮦ وﮦ ﻟﻨﮏ ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ اور رﺳﯿﻮر ﮐﻮ ﺟﻮڑﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬.‫کے ذرﯾﻊے ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮔﺰر ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ وﺻﻮل ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ وﮦ وﺻﻮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮦ ﮐﻮ وﺻﻮل ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﯾﺎ وﺻﻮل ﮐﺮنے واﻻ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﺲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﮐﻮ‬:‫ رﺳﯿﻮر‬.5 .
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم کے رﺳﯿﻮر کے وﺟﻮد کے ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﮑﻤﻞ‬.‫ٹراﻧﺴﻤﯽٹر کے ذرﯾﻊے ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﭘﯿﻐﺎم بھﯾﺠﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ اﻧﮑﻮڈﻧﮓ ﭼﯿﻨﻞ ڈﯾﺴﻨﮕﻨﮓ ﺗﺎﺛﺮات دﻣﺎغ‬.‫ یﮦ اﯾﮏ رﺳﯿﻮر ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ وﺻﻮل ﮐﺮنے اور ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮐﻮ ﺳﻤﺞھنے ﮐﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬.‫ﮨﮯ‬
‫ڈرﯾﻦ بھﯾﺠﻦے واﻻ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم رﺳﯿﻮر‬
‫ ڈﯾﺴﻨﮓ ﮐﻮ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم سے ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻮ ﭼﻼنے‬.‫ ڈﺳﮑﻮڈﻧﮓ اﯾﮏ اﻧﮑﻮڈڈ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮐﯽ ﺗﻒﮦﯾﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﯽں ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮨﮯ‬:‫ ڈس آرڈﻧﮓ‬.6
.‫کے ﻟﺊے رﺳﯿﻮر ﮐﯽ ﻣﺪد ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﮐﺮنے کے ﻟﺊے ﺗﺒﺎدلے کے ﻟﺊے ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﮐﻮ دوﺑﺎرﮦ ﺷﺮوع )ﯾﺎ بھﯾﺠﻦے‬.‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت اﯾﮏ ﺗﺒﺎدلﮦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮨﮯ‬:‫ ﺗﺎﺛﺮات‬.7
‫ رﺳﯿﻮر ﮐﺎ رد ﻋﻤﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺟﻮاب رائے کے ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ‬.‫ ﺗﺎکﮦ وﮦ رﺳﯿﻮر ﮐﯽ ردﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻮ ﺟﺎن ﺳﮑﯽں‬،‫والے( سے کﮦاں ﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦئے‬
.‫ﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ یﮦ‬.‫ ﭘﻮرے ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﺮ ﮐﺴﯽ بھی ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮ ﻏﻠﻂ فﮦﻣﯽ ﮐﺎ اﻣﮑﺎن ﮨﮯ اور دﻣﺎغ ﮐﯽ ﻧﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻮ کﮦا ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬:‫ دﻣﺎغ ﮐﯽ ﻧﺎﻟﯽ‬.8
‫ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮐﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻞ کے ﻟﺊے ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ذرﯾﻊﮦ‬،‫بھﯾﺠﻦے واﻟﯽ ﻃﺮف ﭘﯿﺪا ﮦوﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اﮔﺮ وﮦ ڈﯾﻔﺎلٹ ﭼﯿﻨﻞ ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮتے ﮦوئے‬
.‫نﮦیں ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮐﺮتے ﮦیں اور یﮦ بھی ﭘﯿﺪا ﮦوﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺐ رﺳﯿﻮر ﮐﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺮﯾﻖے سے ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮐﻮ درﺳﺖ نﮦ ﮐﺮیں‬
‫ ﮦم کﮨہ ﺳﮑﺖے ﮦیں کﮦ ﮐﺴﯽ بھی ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮ یﮦ ﺳﺎﺋﯿﮑﻞ ﮐﯽ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﮨﮯ‬،‫دوﺳﺮے اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻣﯽں‬

. Exercise–1
1. How do you define communication?

2 What are the different purposes of communication? Briefly explain any five of them.
3. Discuss the different situations when the communication exists.
4. “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and emotions by two or more
persons.” Explain the statement and discuss the role of feedback in communication.
6. “Communication is the two way process.” Explain.
7. Discuss the elements of communication process.
8. Give three examples of brain drain in communication process.

2.2 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Wrong Choice of Medium Each communication must be transmitted through an appropriate
medium. An unsuitable medium is one of the biggest barriers to communication.
Examples: When communication takes place in big organisation and departments or division
are far from each other. If any manager wants to communicate with others for confidential
matter than they opt written communication as compared to other medium of communication.
So, it is required that medium should be accurate and if wrong or unsuitable medium is selected
than it leads to the biggest barrier to communication
. 2. Physical Barriers • Noise—In factory, oral communication is rendered difficult by the loud
noise of machines. • Electronic noise interferes in communication by telephone or loud speaker
system. • The word noise is also used to refer to all kind of physical interference like illegible
handwriting, bad photo-copies etc. • Time and distance. — Congestion in telephone and
network facilities. — People working in different shifts. — Faulty seating arrangement in a hall.
3. Semantic Barriers • Interpretation of words A person interprets same word in a different
meaning and this will cause barrier between the communications. Murphy and Peck in their
book ‘Effective Business Communication’ mentioned, the little word ‘run’ has 71 meanings as a
verb 35 as noun 4 more as an adjective.
• Bypassed instructions Bypassing is said to have occurred if the sender and the receiver of the
message attribute different meanings to the same word or use different words for the same
meaning. “Take it to be our stockroom and burn it” In official language burn it means to make
more copies of the same document. • Denotation & Connotations Words have two types of
meanings denotative and connotative. Denotative—The literal meaning of a word is called its
denotative meaning. It must inform and names objects without indicating any positive or
negative. Connotative—It allows qualitative judgments and personal reactions. Like—Honest,
cheap, sincere etc.
Example He gave us cheap material”. “At this shop, they sell things cheap”. First one is
favourable connotation and second is unfavourable. To avoid this problem (By passed
‫‪instruction and connotative meaning of words) the followings can be used: ❖ Prefer words‬‬
‫‪which are familiar to the receiver. ❖ If words are unfamiliar to the receiver, we should make‬‬
‫‪meanings clear the very first time we use it. ❖ We should choose words with positive rather‬‬
‫‪than negative connotation.‬‬
‫‪4. Socio-Psychological Barriers • Attitude and opinions The information which agrees with‬‬
‫‪opinion and attribute of the individual is favourable for that particular individual. • Emotions It‬‬
‫‪plays an important role in the act of communication. If the sender is perplexed, worried, excited,‬‬
‫‪afraid, nervous then he will not be able to organize his message properly. • Closed Mind A‬‬
‫‪person with a closed mind is very difficult to communicate with. We hold our opinion so rigidly‬‬
‫‪that we just refuse to listen. • Status-consciousness We are over-conscious of our lower or‬‬
‫‪higher rank and do not express ourselves candidly. • The source of information. We react‬‬
‫‪according to the trust we repose in the source from which the communication originates.‬‬
‫‪• Faulty transmission Most of part in the message is lost in transmission. (In oral‬‬
‫)‪communication, something in the order of 30% of the information is lost in each transmission.‬‬
‫‪Poor retention Oral message in particular are lost due to poor human retention ability.‬‬
‫‪(Employees retain only about 50%‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﺧﻄﺮے والے ‪2.2‬‬
‫‪ .1‬درﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻏﻠﻄﯽ ﮦر ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ذرﯾﻊﮦ کے ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦئے‪ .‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﻟﺊے‬
‫ﺳﺐ سے بڑی رﮐﺎوٹوں ﻣﯽں سے اﯾﮏ ﮨﮯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﺟﺐ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت بڑی ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اور ﻣﺤﮑﻤﻮں ﻣﯽں ﮦوﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ ﯾﺎ ڈوﯾﮋن اﯾﮏ دوﺳﺮے سے دور ﮦیں‪ .‬اﮔﺮ ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﻣﯿﻨﯿﺠﺮ دوﺳﺮوں‬
‫کے ﺳﺎتھ ﺧﻔﯽﮦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺗﻮ اس سے ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے دوﺳﺮے ذرﯾﻊﮦ کے ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞے ﻣﯽں‬
‫ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮی ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮐﺮیں‪ .‬لﮦذا‪ ،‬یﮦ ﺿﺮوری ﮨﮯ کﮦ درﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ درﺳﺖ ﮦوﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦیے اور اﮔﺮ ﻏﻠﻂ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮦوﺟﺎئے ﺗﻮ اس سے ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﮐﯽ ﺳﺐ سے بڑی رﮐﺎوٹ‬
‫‪ .2 .‬ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ رﮐﺎوٹوں • ﺷﻮر ﻣﯽں ﻓﯿﮏٹری‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﯿﻨﻮں ﮐﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﻮر ﺷﻮر ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف سے زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﯽ ﮔﺌﯽ ﮨﮯ‪• .‬‬
‫ٹﯾﻠﯽ ﻓﻮن ﯾﺎ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ آواز اﺳﭙﯿﮑﺮ کے ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﻣﯽں اﻟﯿﮏٹراﻧﮏ ﺷﻮر ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﺖ‪ • .‬ﻟﻔﻆ ﺷﻮر بھی ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻟﮏھاوٹ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮاب ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﮐﯿﭙﯿﻮں وﻏﯿﺮﮦ ﺟﯿﺲے ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﺖ ﮐﺎ ﺣﻮالﮦ دﯾﺖے ﮦیں‪ .‬وﻗﺖ اور ﻓﺎﺻﻞے‪ .‬ٹﯾﻠﯽ ﻓﻮن اور‬
‫ﻧﯽٹ ورک ﮐﯽ سﮦوﻟﯿﺎت ﻣﯽں ﻣﺒﺎرﮐﺒﺎد‪ - .‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻠﯿﻮں ﻣﯽں ﮐﺎم ﮐﺮنے والے ﻟﻮگ‪ - .‬ﮦال ﻣﯽں ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ سے ﺑﭽﻦے ﮐﺎ اﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺮاﮐﯽ راﮦ ﻣﯽں رﮐﺎوٹیں • اﻟﻔﺎظ ﮐﯽ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺺ اﯾﮏ ﮦی ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﯽں اﯾﮏ ﮦی ﻟﻔﻆ ﮐﯽ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺮﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ اور ‪3.‬‬
‫اس سے ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے درﻣﯿﺎن رﮐﺎوٹ ﮐﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻨﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﻓﯽ اور ﭘﮑﯽ نے اﭘﻨﯽ ﮐﺘﺎب 'ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺰﻧﺲ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت' ﻣﯽں ذﮐﺮ ﮐﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ‪،‬‬
‫اس ﮐﺎ چھوٹا ﺳﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ 'ﭼﻼنے' ﻣﯽں ‪ 71‬ﻣﻌﻨﯽ اﯾﮏ ﻟﻔﻆ ‪ 35‬کے ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﮦیں ﺟﺲے ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ‪ 4‬کے ﻋﻼوﮦ ﺻﻔﺖ کے ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮦیں‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﭙﺘﺴﻢﮦ دﯾﻦے واﻟﯽ ﮦداﯾﺘﯽں ﺑﭙﺘﺴﻢﮦ دﯾﻦے کے ﻟﺊے کﮦا ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اﮔﺮ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم کے وﺻﻮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮦ اور وﺻﻮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮦ اﺳﯽ ﻟﻔﻆ کے‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ واﺑﺴﺖﮦ ﮨﮯ ﯾﺎ اﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ کے ﻟﺊے ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﺎظ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪" .‬یﮦ ﮦﻣﺎرے اسٹاک روم ﺑﻨﻦے اور اسے ﺟﻼنے‬
‫کے لۓ" ﺳﺮﮐﺎری زﺑﺎن ﻣﯽں ﺟﻼنے ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ یﮦ ﮨﮯ کﮦ اﺳﯽ دﺳﺘﺎوﯾﺰ ﮐﯽ زﯾﺎدﮦ ﮐﺎﭘﯿﺎں ﺑﻨﺎئے ﺟﺎﺋﯽں‪ • .‬ردﻋﻤﻞ اور ﮐﻨﮑﺸﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻣﯽں دو ﻗﺴﻢ کے ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ اور ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮦیں‪ .‬ردﻋﻤﻞ ‪ -‬ﻟﻔﻆ ﮐﺎ ﻟﻔﻈﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ اس کے ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻮ کﮦا ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اس ﮐﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ اﺷﺎرﮦ کے ﺑﻐﯿﺮ اﺷﯿﺎء ﮐﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ اور ﻧﺎﻣﻮں ﮐﻮ ﻻزﻣﯽ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﺑﺘﺎﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦیے‪ .‬ﮐﻦٹوٹیٹ ‪ -‬یﮦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اور ذاﺗﯽ ردﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﯽ اﺟﺎزت دﯾﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﺺ وﻏﯿﺮﮦ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل کے ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ انﮦوں نے ﮦﻣﯽں ﺳﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻮاد دﯾﺎ "‪" .‬اس دﮐﺎن ﻣﯽں‪ ،‬وﮦ ﭼﯿﺰوں ﮐﻮ ﺳﺴﺖے ﻓﺮوﺧﺖ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ"‪ .‬ﺳﺐ سے‬
‫پﮦلے اﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻒﮦوم ﮨﮯ اور دوﺳﺮا ﻧﺎﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اس ﻣﺴﺌﻞے سے ﺑﭽﻦے کے ﻟﺊے )اﻟﻔﺎظ ﮐﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺮدﮦ ﮦداﯾﺖ اور‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﯽ ﻃﺮف سے( ﻣﻨﺪرجﮦ ذﯾﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﯽے ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺖے ﮦیں‪ ❖ :‬ان اﻟﻔﺎظ ﮐﻮ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﮐﺮیں ﺟﻮ رﺳﯿﻮر سے واﻗﻒ‬
‫ﮦیں‪ ❖ .‬اﮔﺮ وﺻﻮل ﮐﺮنے والے اﻟﻔﺎظ سے ﻧﺎ واﻗﻒ ﮦیں‪ ،‬ﺗﻮ ﮦﻣﯽں اس ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ یﮦ ﮨﮯ کﮦ پﮦﻟﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺐﮦ ﮦم اس ﮐﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮتے ﮦیں‪ ❖ .‬ﮦﻣﯽں ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ سے ﺑﺠﺎئے ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﻔﺎظ کے ﺳﺎتھ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦئے‬
‫‪.‬‬
. ‫ ﻧﻔﺴﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺧﺎﻣﯿﻮں • رویﮦ اور رائےات ﺟﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﺮد ﮐﯽ رائے اور ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ سے اﺗﻔﺎق ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ وﮦ اس ﺷﺨﺺ کے‬- ‫ﺳﻤﺎﺟﯽ‬
‫ ﺣﻮﺻﻞﮦ‬،‫ ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎن‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ بے ﺷﻤﺎر‬.‫ ﺟﺬﺑﺎت یﮦ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽں اﮦم ﮐﺮدار ادا ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬.‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﮨﮯ‬4 ‫ﻟﺊے‬
‫ • ﺑﻨﺪ دﻣﺎغ اﯾﮏ ﺑﻨﺪ دﻣﺎغ کے ﺳﺎتھ‬.‫ﺧﻮﻓﻨﺎکﮦ ﺗﻮ پھر وﮦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺮﯾﻖے سے اﭘﻦے ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮐﻮ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ نﮦیں ﮐﺮﺳﮏے ﮔﺎ‬،‫اﻓﺰاﺋﯽ‬
‫ ﮦم اﭘﻨﯽ رائے ﮐﻮ اﺗﻨﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺳﻤﺞھتے ﮦیں کﮦ ﮦم ﺻﺮف‬.‫اﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺺ کے ﺳﺎتھ ﺑﺎت ﭼﯿﺖ ﮐﺮنے کے ﻟﺊے بﮦت ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ • ﺣﯿﺜﯿﺖ ﺷﻌﻮر ﮦم اﭘﻦے ﻧﭽﻞے ﯾﺎ اﻋﻠﯽ درجے ﮐﯽ ﺣﺪ سے زﯾﺎدﮦ ﮦوﺷﯿﺎر ﮦیں اور اﭘﻦے آپ ﮐﻮ‬.‫ﺳﻨﻦے سے اﻧﮑﺎر ﮐﺮتے ﮦیں‬
‫ ﮦم اس اﻋﺘﻤﺎد کے ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ردﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮتے ﮦیں ﺟﺲے ﮦم‬.‫ • ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﮐﺎ ذرﯾﻊﮦ‬.‫واﺿﺢ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ اظﮦار نﮦیں ﮐﺮتے ﮦیں‬
.‫ذرﯾﻊﮦ ﻣﯽں ﭘﯿﺶ ﮐﺮتے ﮦیں ﺟﺲ سے ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﭘﯿﺪا ﮦوﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﮦر‬،‫ )زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت ﻣﯽں‬.‫• ﻏﻠﻄﯽ ٹراﻧﺴﻤﯿﺸﻦ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﻣﯽں ﺳﺐ سے زﯾﺎدﮦ ﺣﺺﮦ ٹراﻧﺴﻤﯿﺸﻦ ﻣﯽں کھو ﮔﯿﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫( ﻏﺮﯾﺐ رﮐﺎوٹ ﺧﺎص ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﻏﺮﯾﺐ‬.‫ ﻓﯿﺼﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں ﮐﭻھ کھو ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‬30 ‫ٹراﻧﺴﻤﯿﺸﻦ ﻣﯽں‬
‫ ﻓﯿﺼﺪ ﮦیں‬50 ‫ )ﻣﻼزﻣﯿﻦ ﺻﺮف‬.‫اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار رکھنے ﮐﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﮐﯽ وجﮦ سے کھو ﺟﺎتے ﮦیں‬

2.5.1 Seven Cs of Written Communication

1. Clarity Clarity of thought: It comes from a careful consideration of the objective, content and
medium of communication. Clarity of Expression: 1. Use simple word, easy to understand
words: Avoid them Use them Compensate Pay Facilitate Help Utilise Use
2. Use Single words for long phrases: Long Phrases Single Words
At all times Always
For the purpose of For Previous to Before On account of Because
3. Use verbs for nouns (its brings about simplicity and clarity): Using Nouns Using Verbs
(Difficult) (Simple) Come to a conclusion Conclude Make a decision Decide Submit a proposal
Propose Take into consideration Consider
4. Avoid double entry Double entry Simple Actual fact Fact End result Result Period of one
week One week Previous experience Experience 5. Avoid ambiguity: If your message can mean
more than one ambiguous. Faulty punctuation causes the ambiguity. Go. slow work in progress
Go slow. work in progress
Use short sentences: Use one sentence to express only one idea. If a sentence runs beyond 30
words, it is better to break it up into two sentences.
2. Completeness While answering a letter or in communication with other make it sure that you
have answered the all question. Checking for the five w’s questions. • Who • What • When •
Where • Why
3. Conciseness • Include only relevant facts • Avoid repetition • Organise your message well.
4. Consideration • Adopt the you-attitude We-attitude You-attitude I want to express my Thank
you for Sincere thanks for your kind words. The good words…..
• Avoid gender bias Avoid Use Chairman Chairperson Policeman Police Sir/Madam
5. Courtesy In business we must create friendliness with all those to whom we write.
Friendliness is inseparable from courtesy. • Answer the letters promptly. • Omit irritating
expressions. (You neglected, you irresponsible, you are unaware). • Apologise sincerely for an
omission/thank enormously for a favour.
6. Correctness • Give correct facts. • Send your message at the correct time. • Send your
message in the correct style
‫‪. 7. Concreteness • Always use specific fact and figures. • Message should be definite and vivid.‬‬
‫‪• Avoid exaggeration‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮی ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ﺳﺎت ﺳﯽ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺳﻮچ ﮐﯽ واﺿﺢ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ‪ :‬یﮦ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮاد اور ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت کے ذرﯾﻊﮦ کے ﻣﺤﺘﺎط ﻏﻮر سے آﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬اظﮦار ﮐﯽ وﺿﺎﺣﺖ‪.1 :‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎظ ﮐﻮ ﺳﻤﺞھنے کے ﻟﺊے آﺳﺎن ﻟﻔﻆ‪ ،‬آﺳﺎن اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪ :‬ان سے ﺑﭽﯽں ان ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺨﻮاﮦ ﮐﻮ سﮦوﻟﺖ ﻣﯽں ﻣﺪد کے‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﯽں اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺟﻤﻞے کے ﻟﺊے ﺳﻨﮕﻞ اﻟﻔﺎظ ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪ :‬ﻃﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻔﺎظ اﯾﮏ ﮦی اﻟﻔﺎظ‬
‫ﮦر وﻗﺖ ﮦﻣﯿﺶﮦ‬
‫اس ﻣﻘﺼﺪ کے ﻟﺊے ﮐﯿﻮﻧﮏﮦ پﮦلے کے اﮐﺎؤنٹ ﻣﯽں پﮦلے سے پﮦلے‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻟﻔﻈﻮں کے ﻟﺊے ﻓﻌﻞ ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں )اس کے ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ اور وﺿﺎﺣﺖ کے ﺑﺎرے ﻣﯽں آﮔﺎﮦ ﮨﮯ(‪ :‬زﺑﺎﻧﻮں ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮتے‬
‫ﮦوئے ﻟﻔﻈﯽ )ﻣﺸﮑﻞ( ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮتے ﮦوئے )ﺳﺎدﮦ( اﯾﮏ اﺧﺘﺘﺎم ﭘﺮ آو اﯾﮏ ﻓﯿﺼﻞے ﮐﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﮐﺮیں اﯾﮏ ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰ ﭘﯿﺶ ﮐﺮو‬
‫ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰ ﭘﺮ ﻏﻮر ﮐﺮیں‬
‫‪ .4‬دوﮦری اﻧﺪراج سے ﺑﭽﯽں ڈﺑﻞ داﺧﻞﮦ ﺳﺎدﮦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ کے ﻧﺘﯿﺞے کے ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﯾﮏ ﮦﻓﺖے ﮐﯽ ﻣﺪت اﯾﮏ‬
‫ﮦﻓﺖﮦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﭘﭻھلے ﺗﺠﺮبے ﮐﺎ ﺗﺠﺮبﮦ ‪ .5‬ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم سے ﺑﭽﯽں‪ :‬اﮔﺮ آپ ﮐﺎ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم اﯾﮏ سے زاﺋﺪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﮦوﺳﮑﺘﺎ‬
‫ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﻏﻠﻂ فﮦﻣﯽ ﮐﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻨﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﺟﺎؤ‪ .‬ﺳﺴﺖ ﮐﺎم ﻣﯽں ﭘﯿﺶ رﻓﺖ ﺳﺴﺖ ﺟﺎؤ‪ .‬ﮐﺎم ﺟﺎری ﮨﮯ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺳﺰاﺋﯽں اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪ :‬ﺻﺮف اﯾﮏ ﺧﯿﺎل ﮐﺎ اظﮦار ﮐﺮنے کے ﻟﺊے اﯾﮏ ﺟﻤﻞﮦ ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪ .‬اﮔﺮ اﯾﮏ ﻟﻔﻆ ‪30‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎظ سے ﺑﺎﮦر ﭼﻠﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺗﻮ‪ ،‬یﮦ بﮦﺗﺮ ﮨﮯ کﮦ اسے دو ﺟﻤﻠﻮں ﻣﯽں ﺗﻮڑا ﺟﺎئے‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ اﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ ﮐﺎ ﺟﻮاب دﯾﺖے ﮦوئے ﯾﺎ دوﺳﺮے کے ﺳﺎتھ راﺑﻂے ﻣﯽں‪ ،‬اس ﺑﺎت ﮐﻮ ﯾﻘﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻨﺎئے کﮦ آپ نے ﺗﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺳﻮاﻻت ﮐﺎ ﺟﻮاب دﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ڈﺑﻠﯿﻮ کے ﺳﻮاﻻت ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﭻ پڑﺗﺎل • ﮐﻮن • ﮐﯿﺎ • ﮐﺐ • کﮦاں • ﮐﯿﻮں‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ • ﺻﺮف ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖﮦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺮیں • ﺗﮑﺮار سے ﺑﭽﯽں • اﭘﻦے ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﮐﻮ اچھی ﻃﺮح سے ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﮐﺮیں‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻏﻮر ﮐﺮیں • آپ کے رویے ﮐﻮ ﮦﻣﺎرا رویﮦ اﭘﻨﺎﺋﯽں آپ ﮐﺎ رویﮦ آپ اﭘﻦے اﻟﻔﺎظ کے ﻟﺊے دﻟﮑﺶ ﺷﮑﺮیﮦ کے ﻟﺊے ﻣﯿﺮا‬
‫ﺷﮑﺮیﮦ ادا ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦتے ﮦیں‪ .‬اچﮬﮯ اﻟﻔﺎظ ‪.. ...‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺗﻌﺼﺐ سے ﺑﭽﯽں‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﺌﺮﻣﯿﻦ ﭼﯿﺌﺮﭘﺮﺳﻦ ﭘﻮﻟﯿﺲ ﭘﻮﻟﯿﺲ ﺳﺮ ‪ /‬ﻣﯽڈﯾﻢ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل نﮦ ﮐﺮیں‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻣﺤﺎذﮦ ﮐﺎروﺑﺎر ﻣﯽں ﮦﻣﯽں ان ﺗﻤﺎم ﻟﻮﮔﻮں کے ﺳﺎتھ دوﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦیے ﺟﻦ ﭘﺮ ﮦم ﻟﮏھتے ﮦیں‪ .‬دوﺳﺘﺎنﮦ ﻋﻄﯽﮦ سے‬
‫ﻧﺎﮔﺰﯾﺮ ﮨﮯ‪ • .‬ﺧﻂ ﻓﻮری ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﺟﻮاب دیں‪ • .‬ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎن ﮦونے والے اظﮦار اظﮦار ﮐﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺮد ﮐﺮیں‪) .‬آپ نے ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺪاز ﮐﯿﺎ‪ ،‬آپ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ذمﮦ دار ﮦیں‪ ،‬آپ بے ﺧﺒﺮ ﮦیں(‪ • .‬ﻣﻌﺎﻓﯽ کے ﻟﺊے ﻣﺨﻠﺼﺎنﮦ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ اﭘﯿﻞ ‪ /‬اﺣﺴﺎن کے ﻟﺊے بﮦت ﺷﮑﺮیﮦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬درﺳﺘﯿﺖ • ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ دیں‪ • .‬اﭘﻨﺎ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم ﺻﺤﯿﺢ وﻗﺖ ﭘﺮ بھﯾﺠﯽں‪ • .‬اﭘﻨﺎ ﭘﯿﻐﺎم درﺳﺖ اﻧﺪاز ﻣﯽں بھﯾﺠﯽں‬
‫‪ • Concreteness .7 .‬ﮦﻣﯿﺶﮦ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ اور اﻋﺪاد و ﺷﻤﺎر ﮐﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮیں‪ • .‬ﭘﯿﻐﺎم درﺳﺖ اور وﺷﺪ ﮦوﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮦئے‪• .‬‬
‫زﻏﻢ سے ﺑﭽﯽں‬
‫‪1. What are the different forms of communication? Write detailed notes on the importance,‬‬
‫‪advantage and limitation of any two of them.‬‬
‫‪2. Define formal communication. Discuss its merits and demerits also.‬‬
‫‪3. What are the different types of formal communication? Briefly explain any two of them.‬‬
‫?‪4. What are the merits and demerits of consensus‬‬
‫‪5. Write a short note on informal communication.‬‬
‫‪6. What are the different forms of grapevine? Explain with examples‬‬
‫‪. 7. Write notes on: (i) Downward communication (ii) Upward communication (iii) Horizontal‬‬
‫‪communication (iv) Consensus (v) Grapevine‬‬
‫\‪8. Discuss the importance of informal communication in business organization.‬‬
‫‪9. Write explanatory notes on formal communication channel in business organization.‬‬
‫‪10. Distinguish between the upward and downward communication with examples.‬‬
‫?‪11. What are the barriers to effective communication in an organization‬‬
‫‪12. Discuss the semantic barriers to effective communication and how it will be overcome.‬‬
13. What are the different socio-psychological barriers to communication?
14. Explain how the wrong choice of a medium acts as a barrier to effective communication.
15. What physical factors cause barrier to communication?
16. Write brief notes on: (i) Status consciousness (ii) Attitude and opinions (iii) Emotions (iv)
Close mind (v) Poor retention (vi) Faulty transmission (vii) Source of information
17. Explain the general principles of effective communication.
18. Discuss the gateway of effective communication.
19. Explain the seven Cs of written communication. 20. Explain the seven Cs of oral
communication.
21. Discuss the importance of clarity on message in written communication.
22. Write notes on: (i) Clarity of message (ii) Completeness of message (iii) Courtesy of
message (iv) Correctness of message