Genito-urinary Diseases

Causative
Disease Signs and Symptoms Treatment/s Prevention/s
Agent/s
Escherichia coli Cystitis A strong, persistent urge to urinate, A Antibiotics are the first Drink plenty of liquids, Urinate
Staphylococcus burning sensation when urinating, passing line of treatment for frequently,
saprophyticus frequent small amounts of urine, Blood in the cystitis caused by bacteria. Wipe from front to back after a
Proteus urine (hematuria), Passing cloudy or strong- Which drugs are used and bowel movement, take showers
mirabilis smelling urine, Pelvic discomfort, A feeling for how long depend on rather than tub baths, gently wash
Klebsiella of pressure in the lower abdomen your overall health and the the skin around the vagina and anus,
pneumoniae Low-grade fever. bacteria found in your empty your bladder as soon as
Serratia spp. urine. possible after intercourse, drink a
Citrobacter spp, Pyelonephritis Sudden onset of fever and chills, Pain and/or Antibiotic therapy, in full glass of water to help flush
tenderness with deep palpatory pressure of complicated cases bacteria, avoid using deodorant
one or both costovertebral (flank) areas, requiring hospitalization, sprays or feminine products in the
Urinary frequency, dysuria and urgency, bed rest, intravenous genital area.
Possible hematuria, pyuria, Nausea, vomiting, fluids, and antipyretic
and diarrhea, agents are also indicated.

Leptospira Leptospirosis Headaches, muscular aches, fever; kidney Antibiotic treatment: Vaccines and avoiding potential
interrogans failure a possible complication Doxycycline sources of infection such as stagnant
water and animal farm water runoff,
rodent control, and protection of
food from animal contamination.
Niesseria Gonorrhea Men: painful urination and discharge of pus. Antibiotic treatment: Abstain from sexual intercourse
gonorrhoeae Women: Ceftriaxone and always use a condom during vaginal,
few symptoms but possible complications, azithromycin oral, or anal sexual intercourse
such as PID. have a sexually monogamous
partner who doesn’t have the
infection
Chlamydia Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) Painful urination and watery discharge. In Antibiotic treatment: Practice abstinence. Use latex
trachomatis women, possible complications, such as PID. Azithromycin, condoms. Have sex with only one
(most common) doxycycline uninfected partner who only has sex
Ureaplasma with you (mutual monogamy). Have
urealyticum regular checkups if you are sexually
Trichomonas active. Know your partner(s).
vaginalis (rare) Careful consideration and open
Herpes simplex communication between partners
virus (rare) may protect all partners involved
Haemophilus from infection.
vaginalis
Mycoplasma
genitalium
Niesseria  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis; Heavy Antibiotic treatment: Women who use barrier
gonorrhoeae, vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor; Doxycycline and cefotetan contraceptives, especially with
Clamydia Abnormal uterine bleeding; Pain or bleeding spermicides, Get tested. If one is at
trachomatis during intercourse; Fever; Painful or difficult risk of an STI, such as chlamydia,
urination make an appointment with doctor for
testing.
Treponema Syphilis Initial sore at site of infection, later skin Antibiotic treatment: Follow-up blood tests must be done
pallidum rashes and mild fever; final stages may be Benzathine penicillin to make sure that treatment has
severe lesions, damage to cardiovascular and cleared the infection, Pregnant
nervous systems. women are screened for syphilis in
early pregnancy and again in late
pregnancy if they are at increased
risk of acquiring syphilis, Always
use dental dams for oral sex, Avoid
sex with someone infected with
syphilis, Have regular STI check-
ups.

Clamidyia Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) Swelling in lymph nodes in groin Antibiotic treatment: Limit your number of sex partners.
trachomatis Doxycycline Use a male or female condom,
carefully wash genitals after sexual
relations, avoid any sexual contact
and visit your local STD clinic, a
hospital or your doctor, notify all
sexual contacts immediately so they
can obtain examination and
treatment.
Haemophilus Chancroid (Soft Chancre) Painful ulcers of genitals; swollen lymph Antibiotic treatment: limiting the number of sexual
ducreyi nodes in groin Erythromycin; ceftriaxone partners and practicing safe sex
avoiding high-risk activities that
may lead to getting chancroid or
other sexually transmitted infections
alerting all partners if you develop
the condition so that they may be
tested and treated as well
Candida Bacterial Vaginosis Thin, gray, white or green vaginal discharge Antifungal treatment: Minimize vaginal irritation. Don't
albicans and Foul-smelling "fishy" vaginal odor, Tinidazole, Clindamycin, douche. Avoid a sexually
Trichomonas Vaginal itching, Burning during urination Metronidazole transmitted infection.
vaginalis
Gardnerella
vaginalis
Herpes simplex Genital Herpes Painful vesicles in genital area Antiviral treatment: Practice abstinence, always use
virus Acyclovir condoms and dental dams during
type 2; HSV oral, anal, and vaginal sex. Don’t
type 1 touch your herpes sores.
Human Genital Warts Warts in genital area Podofilox, imiquimod Practice abstinence
papillomaviruses vaccine
Candida Candidiasis Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva Anti-fungal creams or Wear breathable underwear and
albicans A burning sensation during intercourse. fluconazole. Change out of wet clothes.

Trichomonas Trichomoniasis Vaginal discharge with unpleasant smell. Antifungal treatment: Practice abstinence
vaginalis Metronidazole or
Tinidazole
Human AIDS Weakened Immune System No known treatment Prevention: HPV vaccine
immunodeficienc
y virus
References:
 Bacterial vaginosis. (2019, May 1). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-
20352285.
 Content Source: HIV.govDate last updated: June 21, 2019. (2019, September 25). Symptoms of HIV. Retrieved from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-
basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv.
 Department of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/lymphogranuloma_venereum/fact_sheet.htm.
 Jewell, L. R.-G. and T. (2019, March 8). Trichomonas Infection: Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/trichomonas-infection#prevention.
 Johnson, T. C. (2018, January 10). Yeast Infection Prevention: 10 Ways to Prevent Candidal Vulvovaginitis. Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/10-ways-to-prevent-yeast-infections.
 Macon, B. L. (2018, September 17). Chancroid: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/chancroid#diagnosis.
 Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/.
 Parenthood, P. (n.d.). How Do You Prevent Herpes?: Prevention Tips. Retrieved from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-
sex/herpes/how-is-herpes-prevented.
 Tortora, G., Funke, B., Case, C., Weber, D., & Bair, W. (2018). Microbiology (13th ed., pp. 544–554,741–745,764-781). Upper Saddle River:
Pearson Education.