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Materials Letters
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matlet
art ic l e i nf o a b s t r a c t
Article history: The influence of volatility of potassium on piezoelectric constant of lead-free 0.8(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.2
Received 14 November 2014 (K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NKBT20) is investigated. An excess of 0.8 mol% of K2CO3 compensates the loss of
Accepted 31 January 2015 potassium due to volatility. Piezoelectric constant (d33) of K-compensated NKBT20 is 215 pC/N, which
Available online 11 February 2015
is greater than that have been reported in literature. Splitting of (111) and (200) peaks confirms that the
Keywords: sample is of morphotrophic phase boundary composition with coexistence of rhombohedral and
Piezoelectric materials tetragonal phases. Remnant polarisation and coercive field are 56.7 mC/cm2 and 39 kV/cm respectively.
Ferroelectrics Increase in piezoelectric constant and remnant polarisation is attributed to the fine tuning of
Ceramics rhombohedral and tetragonal phase fractions by optimum compensation of loss of potassium. Present
Volatility
work provides reproducible preparation procedure to enhance piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties.
& 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.01.152
0167-577X/& 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
82 M. Veera Gajendra Babu et al. / Materials Letters 146 (2015) 81–83
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Fig. 3. (a) Powder XRD pattern of K-compensated NKBT20. Subplots are expanded
view of (111) and (200) peaks. Vertical lines are ICDD of NBT and KBT respectively. The research investigation was carried out with the financial
(b) Polarisation–electric field hysteresis loop of K-compensated NKBT20. support of a Major Research Project (F. No. 39-476/2010 (SR)) of
University Grants Commission, New Delhi.
Table 1
Density and electrical properties of K-compensated NKBT20 ceramics. References
Excess K2CO3 ρ (g/cm3) εr tan δ Pr (mC/cm2) Ec (kV/cm) d33 (pC/N) [1] Otonicar M, Skapin SD, Jancar B, Suvorov D. J Appl Phys 2013;113:024106–11.
(mol%) [2] Sasaki A, Chiba T, Mamiya Y, Otsuki E. Jpn J Appl Phys 1999;38:5564–70.
[3] Zhao S, Li G, Ding A, Wang T, Yin Q. J Phys D: Appl Phys 2006;39:2277–81.
0.0 5.72 1262 0.26 45.2 41 157 [4] Shieh J, Wu KC, Chen CS. Acta Mater 2007;55:3081–7.
0.6 5.73 1802 0.34 52.8 36 180 [5] Hiruma Y, Nagata H, Takenaka T. J Appl Phys 2008;104:124106–7.
0.8 5.89 1998 0.27 56.7 39 196 [6] Zhang YR, Li FJ, Zhang BP. J Am Ceram Soc 2008;91:2716–9.
1.0 5.84 1911 0.27 54.7 46 178 [7] Zhang YR, Li FJ, Zhang BP, Peng CE. J Appl Phys 2008;103:074109-1–6.
1.2 5.81 1823 0.32 50.3 42 176 [8] Chen PY, Chou CC, Tseng TY, Chen HDD. Ferroelectrics 2009;381:196–200.
1.5 5.89 1875 0.27 51.3 46 162 [9] Vijaya Bhaskar Rao P, Bhima Sankaram T. Integr Ferroelectr 2010;120:64–74.
[10] Otonicar M, Skapin SD, Spreitzer M, Suvorov D. J Eur Ceram Soc 2010;30:971–9.
2.0 5.88 1863 0.29 42.2 31 159
[11] Ni F, Luo L, Pan X, Zhang Y, Chen H. J Mater Sci 2012;47:3354–60.
[12] Pham KN, Lee HB, Han HS, Kang JK, Lee JS. J Korean Phys Soc 2012;60:207–11.
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Zhang et al. have reported a maximum d33 value of 207 pC/N [14] O'Keefee M, Hyde BG. Crystal Structures. Washington: Mineralogical Society of
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for optimum excess addition of 1 mol% of Bi2O3 [6,7]. The present [15] Jo W, Daniels JE, Jones JL, Tan X, Thomas PA, Damjanovic D, et al. J Appl Phys
work shows that in addition to volatility of Bi2O3, both hygroscopic 2011;109:014110-1–6.