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FMCG Industry
Products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer
Goods (FMCG). FMCG products are those that get replaced within a year. Examples of FMCG
generally include a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products such as toiletries, soap,
cosmetics, tooth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents, as well as other non-
durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products, and plastic goods. FMCG may also
include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, soft drinks, tissue paper,
and chocolate bars.
Subsets of FMCGs are Fast Moving Consumer Electronics which include innovative electronic
products such as mobile phones, MP3 players, digital cameras, GPS Systems and Laptops. These
are replaced more frequently than other electronic products. White goods in FMCG refer to
household electronic items such as Refrigerators, T.Vs, Music Systems, etc.
In 2005, the Rs. 48,000-crore FMCG segment was one of the fast growing industries in India.
According to the AC Nielsen India study, the industry grew 5.3% in value between 2004 and 2005.
The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest in the economy and has a market size of US$13.1
billion. Well-established distribution networks, as well as intense competition between the
organised and unorganised segments are the characteristics of this sector. FMCG in India has a
strong and competitive MNC presence across the entire value chain. It has been predicted that the
FMCG market will reach to US$ 33.4 billion in 2015 from US $ billion 11.6 in 2003. The middle
class and the rural segments of the Indian population are the most promising market for FMCG,
and give brand makers the opportunity to convert them to branded products. Most of the product
categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, shampoos, etc, in India, have low per capita
consumption as well as low penetration level, but the potential for growth is huge.
The Indian Economy is surging ahead by leaps and bounds, keeping pace with rapid urbanization,
increased literacy levels, and rising per capita income.
The big firms are growing bigger and small-time companies are catching up as well. According to
the study conducted by AC Nielsen, 62 of the top 100 brands are owned by MNCs, and the balance
by Indian companies. Fifteen companies own these 62 brands, and 27 of these are owned by
Hindustan Lever. Pepsi is at number three followed by Thums Up. Britannia takes the fifth place,
followed by Colgate (6), Nirma (7), Coca-Cola (8) and Parle (9). These are figures the soft drink
and cigarette companies have always shied away from revealing. Personal care, cigarettes, and
soft drinks are the three biggest categories in FMCG. Between them, they account for 35 of the top
100 brands.
S.No Companies
The companies mentioned are the leaders in their respective sectors. The personal care category
has the largest number of brands, i.e., 21, inclusive of Lux, Lifebuoy, Fair and Lovely, Vicks, and
Ponds. There are 11 HLL brands in the 21, aggregating Rs. 3,799 crore or 54% of the personal
care category. Cigarettes account for 17% of the top 100 FMCG sales, and just below the personal
care category. ITC alone accounts for 60% volume market share and 70% by value of all filter
cigarettes in India.
The foods category in FMCG is gaining popularity with a swing of launches by HLL, ITC, Godrej,
and others. This category has 18 major brands, aggregating Rs. 4,637 crore. Nestle and Amul slug
it out in the powders segment. The food category has also seen innovations like softies in ice
creams, chapattis by HLL, ready to eat rice by HLL and pizzas by both GCMMF and Godrej
Pillsbury. This category seems to have faster development than the stagnating personal care
category. Amul, India's largest foods company, has a good presence in the food category with its
ice-creams, curd, milk, butter, cheese, and so on. Britannia also ranks in the top 100 FMCG
brands, dominates the biscuits category and has launched a series of products at various prices.
P&G History
In 1993, Procter & Gamble Home Products is incorporated as a 100% subsidiary of The Procter & Gamble
Company, USA. Procter & Gamble Home Products launches Ariel Super Soaker.
In 1993, Procter & Gamble India divests the Detergents business to Procter & Gamble Home Products.
In 1995, Procter & Gamble Home Products enters the Hair care Category with the launch of Pantene Pro-V.
In 1997 Procter & Gamble Home Products launches Head & Shoulders shampoo.
In 2000, Procter & Gamble Home Products introduced Tide Detergent Powder - the largest selling detergent in
the world.
In June 2000, Procter & Gamble Home Products Limited launched Pantene Lively Clean its unique Pro-Vitamin
formula cleans oil-build up, dirt and grime in just one wash, delivering lively, free-flowing and sparkling-clean
hair.
In August 2000, Procter & Gamble Home Products Limited launched New Ariel Power Compact detergent with a
new global technology that breathes new life into clothes, by removing dinginess from them and restoring the
original colours of the fabric, by detecting and removing deposits which are left behind from successive washes.
In November 2000, Procter & Gamble Home Products Limited presented India in the first International Hair
Styling and Beauty Expert Contest- Hair Asia Pacific 2000 in collaboration with Sri Lankan Association of
Hairdressers and Beautician.
During this period, Procter & Gamble Home Products also re-launched the international range of Head &
Shoulders, best-ever Anti-dandruff shampoo with an improved formula, new pack-design and logo, in three
variants - Clean & Balanced, Smooth & Silky and Refreshing Menthol, which offers the fine combination of anti-
dandruff efficacy and hair conditioning.
Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G, NYSE: PG) is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati,
Ohio, that manufactures a wide range of consumer goods. As of 2008, P&G is the 23rd largest US Company by
revenue and 14th largest by profit. It is 10th in Fortune's Most Admired Companies list (as of 2007). P&G is
credited with many business innovations including brand management, the soap opera, and "Connect &
Develop" innovation.
According to the Nielsen Company, in 2007 P&G spent more on U.S .advertising than any other
company; the $2.62 billion it spent is almost twice as much as General Motors, the next company on the Nielsen
list .P&G was named 2008 Advertiser of the Year by Cannes International Advertising Festival. Procter & Gamble
has expanded dramatically throughout its history, but its headquarters still remains in Cincinnati.
P&G's dominance in many categories of consumer products makes its brand management decisions worthy of
study. For example, P&G's corporate strategists must account for the likelihood of one of their products
cannibalizing the sales of another.
MISSION:
To provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the world's
consumers, now and for generations to come
VALUES:
P&G is its people and the values by which we live.
We attract and recruit the finest people in the world. We build our organization from within, promoting and
rewarding people without regard to any difference unrelated to performance. We act on the conviction that the
men and women of Procter & Gamble will always be our most important asset.
LEADERSHIP:
•We are all leaders in our area of responsibility, with a deep commitment to deliver leadership results
We have a clear vision of where we are going.
We focus our resources to achieve leadership objectives and strategies.
•We develop the capability to deliver our strategies and eliminate organizational barriers.
OWNERSHIP:
•We accept personal accountability to meet our business needs, improve our systems, and help others improve
their effectiveness.
•We all act like owners, treating the Company's assets as our own and behaving with the Company's long-term
success in mind.
INTEGRITY
•We always try to do the right thing.
•We are honest and straightforward with each other.
•We operate within the letter and spirit of the law.
•We uphold the values and principles of P&G in every action and decision.
•We are data-based and intellectually honest in advocating proposals, including recognizing risks.
PASSION FOR WINNING
•We are determined to be the best at doing what matters most.
•We have a healthy dissatisfaction with the status quo.
•We have a compelling desire to improve and to win in the marketplace.
TRUST
•We respect our P&G colleagues, customers, and consumers, and treat them as we want to be treated.
•We have confidence in each other's capabilities and intentions.
•We believe that people work best when there is a foundation of trust.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Environmental Quality Policy
Procter & Gamble is committed to providing products and services of superior quality and value that
improve the lives of the world's consumers . As part of this, Procter & Gamble continually strives to improve the
environmental quality of our products, packaging and operations around the world. To carry out this commitment,
it is Procter &Gamble's policy to:
•Ensure our products, packaging and operations are safe for our employees, consumers and the environment.
•Reduce, or prevent, the environmental impact of our products and packaging in their design, manufacture,
distribution, use and disposal whenever possible. We take a leading role in developing innovative, practical
solutions to environmental issues related to our products, packaging and processes. We support the sustainable
use of resources and actively encourage reuse, recycling and composting. We share experiences and expertise
and offer assistance to others who may contribute to progress in achieving environmental goals.
•Meet or exceed the requirements of all environmental laws and regulations. We use environmentally sound
practices, even in the absence of government standards. We cooperate with governments in analyzing
environmental issues and developing cost- effective, scientifically based solutions and standards.
•Continually assess our environmental technology and programs, and monitor progress toward environmental
goals. We develop and use state-of-the-art science and product life cycle assessment, from raw materials
through disposal, to assess environmental quality
SOCIAL
CSR:
There are various CSR activities carried out by P&G with genuine intention of giving back to the society. A few
highlighted have been discussed within this project.
They are:
•PROJECT SHIKSHA – SECURE YOUR CHILD’S FUTURE (2003)
•REBUILDING LIVES IN EARTHQUAKE HIT BHUJ (2001/2002)
•PROJECT POSHAN – FIGHTING MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
(2000)
PROJECT OPEN MINDS – EDUCATING INDIAS WORKING YOUTH
(1999)
•PROJECT DRISHTI – THE FIRST EVER SIGHT RESTORATION
PROGRM IN INDIA(1999)
•PROJECT FUTURE FOCUS - THE FIRST EVER ROUND WRITE IN
CAREER GUIDANCE SERVICE (1998)
•PROJECT PEACE - ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME
(1996)
P&G launched PEACE – a unique Environmental Education Program for children in schools across
Bombay and Thane representing a cross-section of economic backgrounds. Children were exposed to a
fascinating account of the Indian environmental scenario. The Multiplicity of Eco-Systems in India, Air around Us,
Water, Solid Waste and Adopting Conservation in our Lifestyles were the topics dealt with using interesting
media like music, games, project-work, slides, video films, group discussions, etc.
In the 1990s, when one spoke of Corporate Social Responsibility, it was very quickly concluded to be
donations. It was understood to be a philanthropic gesture which the organisations undertook as
their responsibility towards the society. In this context, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or
Corporate Citizenship had different implications for different companies. For some companies, CSR
could largely mean compliance and altruism. Many others would observe it as a more strategic
framework that took into account a company’s relationships and overall impact on the society.
Companies also have a way of practicing CSR internally within the organisation for their employees
and associates.
In the twenty first century, however, companies have been generating innovative ideas and methods
to incorporate social responsibility in congruence with organisational goals. To implement these
social goals, the companies are partnering with the government and the Non-Government
Organisations (NGOs).
The Shiksha initiative by Procter and Gamble and CRY partnership for educating children in India is a
perfect example of such a partnership between a corporate and an NGO. CRY’s goal and P&G’s
altruism to reach out to illiterate children in India and provide them with the basic right to education
resulted in the launch of Shiksha. Shiksha is a part of P&G’s global philanthropy programme ‘Live,
Learn and Thrive’ that focuses on the development of children in need across the globe, specifically
in terms of education. Strategically, P&G has incorporated a part of their contribution to this
initiative in the selling price of its products. In 2008, through this initiative, P&G was able to
contribute Rs 3.2 crores to CRY and other social partners and impact the lives of almost 87,000
children across India.
With increased competitiveness in the private sector, it is critical for an organisation to leverage its
social activities in order to gain a competitive advantage. The increased credibility and goodwill
earned from the customers and associates is an invaluable intangible asset for the organisation. As in
the case of P&G, the marketing and advertising activities highlight that if a customer purchases P&G
products, he or she is contributing towards a national level literacy programme for underprivileged
children. Therefore, even if P&G products are priced marginally higher than its competitors, the
price is compensated by a feel good factor for P&G customers of being indirect donors to eradication
of illiteracy. For employees and associates, it is a matter of immense pride to be a part of an
organisation that has a strong CSR commitment.
Corporate social responsibility practices have been evolving steadily. Private organisations are now
more interested in creating sustainable livelihoods and economic development following the triple
bottom line approach. The socially responsible companies have begun to realise that the money that
goes in should not just be flowing in a uni-directional manner but should also lead to the creation of
wealth in the economically underdeveloped regions. ITC’s e-Chou pal is a great developmental
initiative which, apart from bringing Information and Communication Technology to the agriculture
sector, has also added value to its own agricultural products. This kind of an application of the
principles of sustainable development for a corporate through the introduction of a CSR policy is
often accompanied by triple bottom line reporting, which declares not only financial results but also
the social and environmental impact of the business.
In the FMCG industry, Hindustan Unilever’s Limited’s (HUL) Project Shakti is a classic case of CSR
beyond philanthropy. Project Shakti was initiated by HUL in 2001 to empower and create sustainable
livelihoods for the marginalised women in rural India by providing them income-generating
opportunities. By partnering with NGOs and Self Help Groups, these women have not only been able
to increase the sales of products and outreach in the economically poor regions of India which
otherwise is a mundane task, but also generate income and empowerment for the underprivileged
women. Today, HUL’s rural sales contribute towards a major chunk of their total sales, making this a
highly successful business model which is in tune with the triple bottom line approach. Such has
been the success that the global arm of HUL now plans to replicate this successful business model at
an international level.
Therefore, in a large measure, while industrial processes have been in the forefront of pollution and
while businesses in a wider sense are a driving force on over-consumption, it is also the case that the
business community is sensitive to the socio-economic disparities and environmental danger. In all
the above cited scenarios, it is obvious how companies are becoming more conscious of the strength
of their impact on the society and their role in bringing about a positive change and contributing
towards bridging the gap between the haves and the have-nots.
In the Indian scenario, many corporate enterprises are displaying social sensitiveness and addressing
community needs. The drivers of corporate-led social initiatives are many, ranging from
philanthropic virtues to self interest, but perhaps the more prominent are the revolutionised
information society, growing consumerism, government regulations and fierce competition.
According to a survey carried out in June 2008 by TNS India (a research organisation) and the Times
Foundation, over 90 per cent of all major Indian organisations surveyed were involved in CSR
initiatives. The leading areas that corporations were involved in were livelihood promotion,
education, health, environment, and women empowerment.
What is evident in most of the CSR practices is that the partnership of the private sector with NGOs
is no longer based on short-term needs. CSR has now become a part of the corporate strategy
thinking and focuses on building a long-term partnership with the NGOs and social enterprises.
Corporate alliance with NGOs is now a result-oriented triple bottom line approach of financial
profits, socio-economic development and the environment. The goal of this planned alliance is to
bring about a socio-economic change in the lives of the needy through a combined effort. The
strengths of both - the corporate being financially strong and NGOs and government with the
expertise of their respective domain - are being leveraged to make a greater impact through a joint
initiative.
In spite of the increased social initiatives undertaken by the private sector, developing economies
like India are faced with complex socio-economic challenges where over 300 million people still live
below the poverty line. The pivotal role of the corporate sector in a dynamically changing economic
environment and increasing discrepancies cannot be understated. As such, companies need to shift
their focus from merely being funding agents to becoming active participants and real contributors
in their social initiatives. CSR beyond philanthropy, with its triple bottom line approach to create
sustainable development for the bottom of the pyramid, is a long-term viable solution for
developing countries like India. This creation of socio-economic sustainability at the bottom of the
pyramid is a trigger that will ultimately have the ripple effect of reducing existing disparities in the
long term. The need of the hour is change, social – economic – environmental, for a better future
and a better today.