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Fort Necessity
National Battlefield
Battle at Fort Necessity The first battle of the French and Indian War took Although the Cherokee were recruited to fight, they
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place at Fort Necessity on July 3 , 1754. It would were not involved in this battle. Hundreds of
also be George Washington’s first battle and the site Cherokee participated in other engagements. The
of his only surrender. Washington tried to obtain war that started at Fort Necessity eventually evolved
Indian allies but was unsuccessful. into a world war with fighting in North America,
Caribbean, Europe, Africa and the Philippines.
Cherokee as Allies and Valuable Allies When the Cherokee returned to receive the
Enemies As allies to the British, the Cherokee usually customary compensation of trade goods, they were
concentrated more of their efforts in the southern asked to wait.
Appalachian Mountains. They also attended British
council meetings held in Virginia, Maryland and Troubled Relations
Pennsylvania. Similar to today’s marathon runners, The British did not have the goods on hand and
both the Cherokee women and warriors could often encouraged them to wait for payment. The British
cover large amounts of territory. interpreter at the Fort, an Indian named “Antoine”
or “Anthony,” told the Cherokee they would not
There are accounts that estimate the women could receive the expected diplomatic gifts for their
run upwards to 50 miles in one day to be present at efforts and they should go home and tell the rest of
treaties. The warriors were able to run up to 100 warriors not to help the British. The British began to
miles in one day. In 1756, William Gerald DeBrahm be suspicious of Antoine. Eventually some of the
wrote about one Cherokee, “An Indian once kept up, Cherokee believed Antoine and went home angry at
running a-foot, for three hours, with the Author, who the loss of compensation for all of their trouble.
kept his horse in a constant Gallop…and never left
him.” In 1761, British officer, Lt. Timberlake wrote On their way home, Virginia farmers suspected
about a trip of 550 miles where they averaged 50 them of stealing horses and cattle, and in retaliation,
miles per day on foot. In 1762, an Irish trader named they killed some of the Cherokees. Avenging these
James Adair remarked when they hunted deer they deaths, the Cherokee began to raid Carolina
walked 25-30 miles. settlements.
Aftermath By 1763, the French and Indian War was over and prohibited settlers from settling past the Blue
King George III issued a Proclamation that Ridge Mountains. The settlers ignored the
proclamation line and poured into this
restricted area to make land claims despite
American Indian protests.
This special exhibit at Fort Necessity reflects upon the Cherokee role in securing the peace between the British and the
Cherokee. Today, as you walk around this exhibit think also about the resilience of the Cherokee people. Despite
wars, European diseases, land grabs, acculturation, and forced west during the Trail of Tears, the Cherokee people still
stand strong. Today, they are one of the largest Indian nations in the United States with an overall population estimate
of 280,000. Presently, the Eastern Band of the Cherokee has 13,000 enrolled members.
For More information about the Eastern Band of the Cherokee: Visit the Museum of the Cherokee Indian website at:
www.cherokeemuseum.org
Read:
Emissaries of Peace, the 1762 Cherokee & British Delegations Exhibit Catalog, an Exhibit of the Cherokee Indian by Duane King, in
collaboration with Ken Blankenship & Barbara Duncan: Museum of the Cherokee Indian, 2006
Journal of Cherokee Studies, Volume II, No. 3 edited by Duane H. King & E. Raymond Evans. Museum of the Cherokee Indian: Hudson
Printing & Lithographing Co., Inc. Tennessee, 1977
Memoirs of Lt. Henry Timberlake- 1756-1765: edited by D.H. King. Museum of the Cherokee Indian Press, Cherokee, NC, 2007
The Papers of Henry Bouquet, Volume II, The Forbes Expedition, edited by Stevens, Kent and Leonard. The Pennsylvania Historical &
Museum Commission, Harrisburg, 1972
A Synopsis of the Indian Tribes within the United States East of the Rocky Mountains, and in the British and Russian Possessions in
North America –by Hon. Albert Gallatin. Cambridge, University Press, 1836