UNIT 10

REVIEW PRACTICE

PRACTICE 1

Task 1

Guess the underlined words in the following text.

All around the world, people drink jos. But jos does not mean the same thing
to nanone. In different countries people have very different muchas about drinking
tea.
In China, foe example, tea is always drakoned when people get together. The
Chinese drink it at ary blak of day, at home or in teahouses. They poka their tea plain,
with else in it.
Jos is also important in Japan. The Japanese have a special way of serving tea
waled a tea ceremony. It is very old and full of meaning. Everything must be done a
special way in the washy. There is even a special room for it in Japanese homes.
Another jos – baking country is England. In England the loos afternoon is
“teatime”. Almost everyone has a blup os tea then. The English inlaili make tea in a
teapot and drink it with cream and sugar. They also eat cakes, cookies and little
sandwiches at teatime.
In the United States menon drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals.
Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. Tea bags are faster and dooder than
making tea in teapots. In the summer, many Americans drink cold tea – “iced tea.”
They sometimes drink iced tea from wrings.

Task 2

Complete the following sentences with words from the text.

1. In different countries people have very different ____________ about drinking

tea.
2. The Chinese drink tea ________________ of the day at home or in teahouses.
3. The Chinese ______________ their tea plain, with nothing else init.
4. In Japan ______________ is also important.
5. Tea, in Japan is served in a special way, _______________ a tea ceremony.
6. Another _____________ _______________ country is England.
7. In England, the ___________ _______________ is “tea-time”.
8. Everyone has a ____________ ______________ of tea with cakes, cookies,
and little sandwiches at tea time.

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 9. The English _______________ make tea in a teapot and drink it with cream
and sugar.
10. In the US ________________ drink tea at breakfast or after meal.
11. Americans use teabags, which are ________________ and faster than making
tea in teapots.
12. In summer, they drink cold tea from _________.

Task 3

What is the main idea of this text, and what is the pattern of ideas organization in
this text?

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 PRACTICE 2

Task 1
What do these pronouns refer to?

In Europe men don’t usually wear skirts. But the Scottish national costume for men is
a kind of skirt. It is called a kilt. The Scottish likes to be different. They are also proud
of their country and its history, and they feel that the kilt is part of that history. That’s
why the men still wear kilts at old-style dances and on national holidays. They believe
they are wearing the same clothes that Scottish men always used to wear.
That’s what they believe. However, kilts are not really so old. Before 1730,
Scottish men wore a long shirt and blanket around their shoulders. These clothes got in
the way when the men started to work in factories. So, in 170 a factory owner changed
the blanket into a skirt: the kilt. That’s how the first kilt was made.
Then, in the late 1700s Scottish soldiers in the British Army began to wear
kilts. One reason for this was national feeling: the Scottish soldiers wanted to look
different from the English soldiers. The British Army probably had a different reason:
a Scottish soldier in a kilt was always easy to find! The Scottish soldiers fought very
hard and became famous. The kilt was part of that fame, and in the early 1800s men
all around Scotland began to wear kilts.
These kilts had colorful stripes going up and down and across. In the 1700s
and early 1800s, the color of the stripes had no special meaning. Men sometimes
owned kilts in several different colors. But later colors became important to Scottish
families. By about 1850, most families had special colors for their kilts. For example,
men from the Campbell family had kilts with green, yellow and blue stripes. Scottish
people often believe that the colors of the kilt are part of their family history. In fact,
each family just chose the colors they liked best.
This is not the story you will hear today if you are in Scotland. Most Scottish
people still believe that kilts are as old as Scotland and that the colors are as old as the
Scottish families. Sometimes feelings are stronger than facts.

Task 2

Answer the following questions about the text.

1. What is the beginning of the kilts?

_______________________________________________________________
2. Explain that the color of the kilts is important to every Scottish family.
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why did the British Army let the Scottish soldiers to wear kilts?
_______________________________________________________________
4. What is meant by the last sentence?
_______________________________________________________________

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 PRACTICE 3
Task 1
Read the following article from a newspaper, pay particular attention to the
words underlined.
JAKARTA DESERVES BETTER
As Jakartans gear up for the election
of our next governor later this year, it
might be worth pondering the
question of whether our beloved city
has become a more pleasant place to
live in these last five years under the
leadership of Governor Sutiyoso.
Now that the incumbent governor
has made it clear he intends to run
for a second five-year term, it is
natural that we should ask ourselves
if things improved so much during
his first term that he thinks he
deserves another chance.
The answer to the question of
whether Jakarta has become a more
livable place is a resounding no.
Anyone who thinks otherwise ought
to have his or her heads examined.
On almost all fronts, life in Jakarta
has become unbearable these past
five years. Here is just a sample of
some of the unpleasant facts of life
in our city: traffic has become
virtually impossible to avoid or
navigate. The congestion on our
roads has continued to worsen, and
not only in Central Jakarta but also
on the city‘s outskirts. We seem to
spend more and more time just trying
to get from one place to another.
The congestion has been
made worse by damaged roads and
flooding, as well as the seemingly
endless parade of street
Source: March 23, 2002, webmaster@thejakartapost.com
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demonstrations. Just think of how many
productive man-hours have been lost
because of traffic, man-hours that could
have contributed to an economic
recovery. Crime is also a major problem
that the Sutiyoso administration has
failed to tackle. The authorities are never
short of excuses and explanations for the
soaring crime rate, from an understaffed
police force to rising unemployment.
Only rarely are the criminals caught and
punished. The floods earlier this year, the
most severe to hit Jakarta in memory,
may not have been entirely the fault of
the administration, but the way it dealt
with the disaster, during and in the
aftermath of the flooding, was simply
appalling.
Then there are the problems of
worsening air pollution, corruption in the
administration, uncollected trash, the near
breakdown of various public services and
many others that are simply too
numerous to list. Some people may have
simply given up on Jakarta and its
unpleasantness, and headed to other
cities, both in Indonesia or abroad.
But as unbearable as the situation
has become, for some nine million people
Jakarta remains a place they still like to
call home. And for some four million
others who live in the neighboring towns
of Bogor, Tangerang and Bekasi, Jakarta
is where they come to work every day to
earn a living.
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Task 2

Guess the meaning of the underlined words. You do not have to be accurate, but
at least you are able to identify the following aspects.

1. The part of speech or the type of words: noun, verb, adjective, etc.
2. The function of each of them in the corresponding sentences: subject, verb,
complement: object, adjective, adverb.
3. Dictionary may be used only after you have a list of guessed meanings for
justification.

Task 3

Answer the following questions about the article.

1. What are the problems faced by Jakarta under the administration of Governor
Sutiyoso?
_________________________________________________________
2. Are there people who like to live in Jakarta? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
3. What is Jakarta to the people who live in the neighboring towns?
_______________________________________________________________

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 PRACTICE 4

Task 1

Read the following article from a newspaper.

THE NEW YORK STAR MAY 19,

1986

CRIME IN NEW YORK

By Carmen Cipolla

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Crime is a much extra wife or children. drugs and guns.
serious problem money. So there A crazy person We must change
in New York are not enough is more the way the city
City. And it’s police officers, dangerous with spends its
getting worse cars and guns a gun. In money. We must
every year. This for the whole general, crimes also begin to
is what the city. are more serious make changes in
Police Another because the
Department said problem is everyone has neighborhoods.
in their report drugs. Crime guns. Until then, the
last week. There studies show But there crime problem
were more that many is an even will not go
robberies and criminals use important cause away.
murders this and sell drugs. of crime in New
year than last After they start York. The city
year. The taking drugs, has rich and
subway is more they want to poor
dangerous. The have more. But neighborhoods.
streets are more drugs are very In the poor
dangerous. You expensive. So neighborhoods,
may not even be these people the schools are
safe in your own may sell drugs often very bad.
home. to other people Jobs are hard to
Why is to make money. find. Many
the problem so Or they may young people
serious now? steal money to don’t have much
This is not an get more drugs. hope for a better
easy question to The laws life. They only
answer. There about guns are know one way
may not be a also part of the to make a better
single answer. crime problem. living for
Many problems It is very easy to themselves.
together seem to buy a gun in the That way is to
make the city so United States. sell drugs or
dangerous. Anyone can steal. So, some
One of have a gun. That of these young
the problems is means robbers people become
money. To fight carry guns. criminals.
crime a city Many people are It is not
needs police killed during going to be easy
officers, cars, robberies. to change New
and guns. These Anyone can York’s crime
cost a lot of have a gun at problem. We
money. But right home. So an must first
now the city angry husband change many of
does not have may shoot his the laws about
Task 2

Answer the following questions about the text.

1. What is this text about?

_______________________________________________________________
2. What happen to the crime in New York this year, according to the text?
Do people in New York feel concerned about ? _________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why is money part of the crime problem?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Is in the United States owning a private gun against the law? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
5. What are other problems in New York?
_______________________________________________________________
6. Will these problems go away? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________

Task 3

Do the following tasks about the text.

1. Identify and underline the signal words.

2. Decide the pattern of each paragraph.
_______________________________________________________________
3. Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Write down the main idea of the text.
_______________________________________________________________

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 PRACTICE 5

Task 1

Read this passage from Girl Against the Jungle, by Monica Vincent. Try to infer the
answers to the questions below. Underline the words or phrases that helped you.

Girl Against the Jungle

I woke up very late the next morning. The sun was high in the sky, so I got up quickly and
started to walk along the bank of the stream. I still followed the rules carefully. First I poked my
stick into the undergrowth. Then I took a step or two. I watched for snakes and spiders. I
listened for the sounds of danger. I listened to the birds. My mother knew all about birds.

“The birds can tell you about the jungle,” she told me. “Listen to them.”

She told me a lot about birds, so I recognized the terrible cries in the sky. I recognized the big,
black wings and the ugly, bare heads. I knew those sharp, hungry beaks. King vultures! The
biggest vultures in the world. They don’t kill. They only watch and wait. They fly over the jungle
and look for dead bodies. The sky was black with their wings. They flew down between the
trees. There was food on the ground – dead flesh. It was the passengers from the plane. I didn’t
see the bodies, but I knew. The vultures told me.

I didn’t feel sad. I didn’t feel afraid. I still didn’t feel any pain. I walked through the jungle, but
I walked slowly. Very slowly.

1. Where is the girl in the story?

__________________________________________________________________
2. What happened before this passage in the story?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Why is she walking slowly?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Why is she alone?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What do you think will happen after this?

__________________________________________________________________

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 PRACTICE 7
Task 1

Read the following text carefully, and guess the meaning of the words in bold.

THE MANAGEMENT OF Companies

In small company management, it is the job of the owner to make all his own
decisions, or possible two or three people if the company is a partnership.
In large companies the structure of management is similar in most places in the
world. The chairman or president is the head of the company, its main representative, and
is responsible for how the company is run. In some cases s/he may be the owner of the
company, in others, s/he is elected by a board of directors who decide on the overall
policies of the company at regular meetings called board meetings.
The directors are generally elected by people who have shares in the company.
They may be elected because they have a specialized knowledge of the industry, or because
they have successfully run other companies, but they can also be elected for reasons of
prestige – they have a famous name which adds to the company’s reputation. Actors, sports
people and politicians often hold directorship of large organizations.
Under the directors are the many departments and departmental heads who run the
day-to-day activities of the company and they are usually responsible to the managing
directors (MD), who, as her/his title indicates is both overall manager and director of the
company. Her/his role is possibly the most important as s/he is the link between the board
of directors and the management heads of departments. Generally, managing directors are
appointed not elected, and are often brought in from other companies because of their
successful managerial records.
The company will also have a chief accountant, who controls all the financial
departments and a Company Secretary who handles both the legal and financial activities of
the company.
The performance of a company can only be as good as its management. If the
optimum level of production is not achieved, if there are staff problems, if new technology
affects the competitiveness of the company or if there is economic change in the country,
then it is only management that can anticipate – predict what will happen – and adapt the
organization to new situations. No one else in the company is in the situation to do that.

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 Task 2

Label the following organization structure based on the text.

…………………………………
Elected by Board of Directors
Chief Executive

Board of Directors
Elected by ……………………
Make company policy

………………………………………..
Responsible for day-to-day running of
company and executing policy

……………………… ……………………
Run the day-to-day Run the day-to-day
………………………………………..
activities activities
Responsible for financial activities

Company Secretary
……………………………………..
responsibilities

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