Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spring 2018 HW 4 Solns
Spring 2018 HW 4 Solns
150 Ω I~
i Transmission line
Zg +
+ ~
IL
+
~
Vg
~
Vi Zin Z0 = 150 Ω
~
VL ZL (150-j50) Ω
-
- -
Generator l=6m Load
z = -l z=0
~
⇓
Ii
Zg +
+
~ ~ Zin
Vg Vi
-
-
Figure P2.32: Circuit for Problem 2.32.
(a)
c 3 × 108
up = √ = √ = 2 × 108 (m/s),
εr 2.25
up 2π up 2π × 2 × 108
λ= = = = 5 m,
f ω 8π × 107
ω 8π × 107
β= = = 0.4π (rad/m),
up 2 × 108
β l = 0.4π × 6 = 2.4π (rad).
Since this exceeds 2π (rad), we can subtract 2π , which leaves a remainder β l = 0.4π
(rad).
ZL − Z0 150 − j50 − 150 − j50 ◦
(b) Γ = = = = 0.16 e− j80.54 .
ZL + Z0 150 − j50 + 150 300 − j50
(c)
· ¸
ZL + jZ0 tan β l
Zin = Z0
Z0 + jZL tan β l
· ¸
(150 − j50) + j150 tan(0.4π )
= 150 = (115.70 + j27.42) Ω.
150 + j(150 − j50) tan(0.4π )
(d)
◦
e Veg Zin 5e− j30 (115.7 + j27.42)
Vi = =
Zg + Zin 150 + 115.7 + j27.42
µ ¶
− j30◦ 115.7 + j27.42
= 5e
265.7 + j27.42
◦ ◦ ◦
= 5e− j30 × 0.44 e j7.44 = 2.2 e− j22.56 (V).
(e)
50 Ω
Transmission line
+
~ 75 Ω
Vg Zin Z0 = 50 Ω
-
~
⇓
Ii
Zg +
+
~ ~ Zin
Vg Vi
-
-
(a)
2π
βl = × 0.15λ = 54◦ ,
λ
· ¸ · ¸
ZL + jZ0 tan β l 75 + j50 tan 54◦
Zin = Z0 = 50 = (41.25 − j16.35) Ω.
Z0 + jZL tan β l 50 + j75 tan 54◦
(b)
Veg 300 ◦
Iei = = = 3.24 e j10.16 (A),
Zg + Zin 50 + (41.25 − j16.35)
◦ ◦
Vei = Iei Zin = 3.24 e j10.16 (41.25 − j16.35) = 143.6 e− j11.46 (V).
(c)
1 1 ◦ ◦
Pin = Re[Vei Iei∗ ] = Re[143.6 e− j11.46 × 3.24 e− j10.16 ]
2 2
143.6 × 3.24
= cos(21.62◦ ) = 216 (W).
2
(d)
ZL − Z0 75 − 50
Γ= = = 0.2,
ZL + Z0 75 + 50
µ ¶ ◦
1 143.6 e− j11.46 − j54◦
V0+ = Vei β β
= ◦ = 150e (V),
e + Γe
j l − j l j54 ◦ − j54
e + 0.2 e
◦ ◦
VeL = V (1 + Γ) = 150e
+
0
− j54
(1 + 0.2) = 180e− j54 (V),
◦
V0+ 150e− j54 ◦
IeL = (1 − Γ) = (1 − 0.2) = 2.4 e− j54 (A),
Z0 50
1 1 ◦ ◦
PL = Re[VeL IeL∗ ] = Re[180e− j54 × 2.4 e j54 ] = 216 (W).
2 2
PL = Pin , which is as expected because the line is lossless; power input to the line
ends up in the load.
(e)
Power delivered by generator:
1 1 ◦
Pg = Re[Veg Iei ] = Re[300 × 3.24 e j10.16 ] = 486 cos(10.16◦ ) = 478.4 (W).
2 2
Power dissipated in Zg :
1 1 1 1
PZg = Re[IeiVeZg ] = Re[Iei Iei∗ Zg ] = |Iei |2 Zg = (3.24)2 × 50 = 262.4 (W).
2 2 2 2
Note 1: Pg = PZg + Pin = 478.4 W.
Problem 2.45 The circuit shown in Fig. P2.45 consists of a 100-Ω lossless
transmission line terminated in a load with ZL = (50 + j100) Ω. If the peak value of
the load voltage was measured to be |VeL | = 12 V, determine:
(a) the time-average power dissipated in the load,
(b) the time-average power incident on the line,
(c) the time-average power reflected by the load.
Rg
+
~ Z0 = 100 Ω ZL = (50 + j100) Ω
Vg
−
Solution:
(a)
ZL − Z0 50 + j100 − 100 −50 + j100 ◦
Γ= = = = 0.62e j82.9 .
ZL + Z0 50 + j100 + 100 150 + j100
The time average power dissipated in the load is:
1
Pav = |IeL |2 RL
2
¯ ¯2
1 ¯¯ VeL ¯¯
= ¯ ¯ RL
2 ¯ ZL ¯
1 |VeL |2 1 50
= 2
RL = × 122 × 2 = 0.29 W.
2 |ZL | 2 50 + 1002
(b)
i
Pav = Pav (1 − |Γ|2 )
Hence,
i Pav 0.29
Pav = 2
= = 0.47 W.
1 − |Γ| 1 − 0.622
(c)
r
Pav = −|Γ|2 Pav
i
= −(0.62)2 × 0.47 = −0.18 W.
Problem 2.66 A 200-Ω transmission line is to be matched to a computer terminal
with ZL = (50 − j25) Ω by inserting an appropriate reactance in parallel with the
line. If f = 800 MHz and εr = 4, determine the location nearest to the load at which
inserting:
(a) A capacitor can achieve the required matching, and the value of the capacitor.
(b) An inductor can achieve the required matching, and the value of the inductor.
Solution:
(a) After entering the specified values for ZL and Z0 into Module 2.6, we have zL
represented by the red dot in Fig. P2.66(a), and yL represented by the blue dot. By
moving the cursor a distance d = 0.093λ , the blue dot arrives at the intersection point
between the SWR circle and the S = 1 circle. At that point
To cancel the imaginary part, we need to add a reactive element whose admittance is
positive, such as a capacitor. That is:
ω C = (1.54206) ×Y0
1.54206 1.54206
= = = 7.71 × 10−3 ,
Z0 200
which leads to
7.71 × 10−3
C= = 1.53 × 10−12 F.
2π × 8 × 108
Figure P2.66(a)
(b) Repeating the procedure for the second intersection point [Fig. P2.66(b)] leads
to
y(d) = 1.000001 + j1.520691,
at d2 = 0.447806λ .
To cancel the imaginary part, we add an inductor in parallel such that
1 1.520691
= ,
ωL 200
from which we obtain
200
L= = 2.618 × 10−8 H.
1.52 × 2π × 8 × 108
Figure P2.66(b)
Problem 2.31 A voltage generator with
λ
0.2 75 Ω
0.3λ (Antenna)
Zin1
Zin
Zin2
0.2 75 Ω
λ
(Antenna)
(b)
Zin1 Zin2 (35.20 − j8.62)2
ZL′ = = = (17.60 − j4.31) Ω.
Zin1 + Zin2 2(35.20 − j8.62)
(c)
l = 0.3 λ
Zin ZL'
Z02 1002
Zin = = = 300 Ω.
ZL 33.33
Problem 2.43 If the two-antenna configuration shown in Fig. P2.43 is connected to
a generator with Veg = 250 V and Zg = 50 Ω, how much average power is delivered to
each antenna?
λ/2 ZL1 = 75 Ω
(Antenna 1)
50 Ω λ/2 e2
Lin
+ A C
250 V Zin Line 1
−
B D Lin
e3
Generator
λ/2 ZL2 = 75 Ω
(Antenna 2)
Veg 250
Iei = = = 2.86 (A),
Zg + Zin 50 + 37.5
1 1 (2.86)2 × 37.5
Pin = Re[IeiVei∗ ] = Re[Iei Iei∗ Zein
∗
]= = 153.37 (W).
2 2 2
This is divided equally between the two antennas. Hence, each antenna receives
153.37
2 = 76.68 (W).
Problem 2.74 A 25-Ω antenna is connected to a 75-Ω lossless transmission
line. Reflections back toward the generator can be eliminated by placing a shunt
impedance Z at a distance l from the load (Fig. P2.74). Determine the values of Z
and l.
l=?
B A
Z0 = 75 Ω Z=? ZL = 25 Ω
Solution:
0.250 λ
0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37 0.15
0.1 0.39 0.36
90
0.4 100 80 0.35 0.1
9
0.0 6
1.0
0.9
1.2
70 0.3
0.8
0.4
1 110 4
0.1
1.4
8
0.7
0.0 7
) 0.3
.42 /Yo
1.6
0 60 3
0 12 (+jB
0.6
CE 0.1
0.0
7 AN 8
1.8
PT 0.2
3 SCE 0.3
0.4 SU 2
2.0
0 VE 50
0.5
13 TI
CI
06
0.
PA
19
0.
CA
44
0.
31
0.
R
,O 0.4
4
0. o)
/Z
0
40
5
14
0.2
0.0
jX
(+
5
0.3
0.4
3.0
EN
0.6
N
PO
SWR Circle
4
0.2
M
0.3
0.0
CO
6
0.2
0
1
30
0.4
15
0.8
9
CE
>
4.0
R—
AN
TO
CT
1.0
0.22
ERA
EA
0.47
0.28
5.0
1.0
ER
GEN
0.2
160
TIV
20
8
0.
ARD
UC
IND
0.23
TOW
0.48
0.27
0.6
ANG
GTHS
10
LE OF
170
0.1
0.4
0.0 —> WAVELEN
0.24
0.49
0.26
REFLECTION
20
0.2
50
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
0.500 λ 0.750 λ
10
20
50
A B
0.25
0.25
± 180
— 0.0
COEFFICIENT IN
50
RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)
D LOAD <
0.2
20
0.24
0.49
0.26
0
OWAR
0.4
DEGR
-17
0.1
10
EES
HS T
0.23
0.6
0.48
0.27
o)
T
Y
G
/
EN
(-jB
8
0.
-160
VEL
-20
CE
0.2
N
0.22
1.0
A
5.0
A
0.47
0.28
W
PT
<—
1.0
CE
US
4.0
S
VE
0.8
4
0.2
0
-30
.0
-15
TI
6
0.2
0
1
0.4
0.3
C
9
DU
IN
0.6
R
3.0
O
5
0.2
0.0
o ),
5
0.3
Z
0.4
-4
X/
4
-1
4
0. (-j
T 0.4
EN
06
0.
1
N
0.
PO
44
0.
31
M
0.
O -5
EC 30
0.5
-1 0
2.0
NC 7 0.1
TA 0.0 8
AC 0.3
1.8
RE 3 0.2
VE 0.4 2
0.6
CAP -1 0.0 7
0.3
0.7
2
0.4 3
1.4
9 -70 0.1
-110
0.8
0.0 6
1.2
0.9
1.0
1 0.3
0.1 0.4 -100 -80 0.15 4
-90
0.11 0.14 0.35
0.4 0.12 0.13
0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
The normalized load impedance is:
25
zL = = 0.33 (point A on Smith chart)
75
The Smith chart shows A and the SWR circle. The goal is to have an equivalent
impedance of 75 Ω to the left of B. That equivalent impedance is the parallel
combination of Zin at B (to the right of the shunt impedance Z) and the shunt
element Z. Since we need for this to be purely real, it’s best to choose l such that
Zin is purely real, thereby choosing Z to be simply a resistor. Adding two resistors in
parallel generates a sum smaller in magnitude than either one of them. So we need
for Zin to be larger than Z0 , not smaller. On the Smith chart, that point is B, at a
distance l = λ /4 from the load. At that point:
zin = 3,
which corresponds to
yin = 0.33.
Hence, we need y, the normalized admittance corresponding to the shunt
impedance Z, to have a value that satisfies:
yin + y = 1
y = 1 − yin = 1 − 0.33 = 0.66
1 1
z= = = 1.5
y 0.66
Z = 75 × 1.5 = 112.5 Ω.
In summary,
λ
l= ,
4
Z = 112.5 Ω.