International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2017, pp. 383–390, Article ID: IJCIET_08_09_045

Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=9
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

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SOCIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY OF RISK

MANAGEMENT IN BALANCED CANTILEVER
BRIDGES
P.A. Prabakaran
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

Dr. K.C. Pazhani

Associate Professor, Structural Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Lisa Mary Thomas

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

K.M. Priyanka
Final Year, Civil Engineering Department,
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

ABSRACT
Planning and scheduling are the foremost necessary aspects contributive to the
success of a project, however these factors have an effect on the development
productivity is studied and mentioned during this project. The techniques
unremarkably been used for project scheduling, are particularly the bar graph and
critical Path methodology during this project, the favored Primavera (P6.0) code is
employed as a tool for investigation this observe of CPM scheduling. correct job
monitoring is another facet that directly contributes to the advance of construction
productivity, while not correct planning and scheduling it results in spoil the work.
during this project it quoted regarding construction productivity, while not correct
coming up with and programing it results in spoil the work. during this project it
quoted concerning the planning and scheduling for Balanced Cantilever bridge to
beat the time, value and predict the losses incidence during this project. Construction
projects are initiated in advanced and dynamic environments leading to circumstances
of high uncertainty and risk, that area unit combined by tightened time constraints.
Risk assessment may be a tool to spot those risks in an exceedingly project and
manage it consequently with correct treatment. Risk assessment is outlined during this
study as a method that aims to spot and estimate risks to personnel and property
wedged upon by a project.

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 P.A. Prabakaran, Dr. K.C. Pazhani, Lisa Mary Thomas and K.M. Priyanka

Key words: Social Economic; Risk Management; Risk assessment.

Cite this Article: P.A. Prabakaran, Dr. K.C. Pazhani, Lisa Mary Thomas and K.M.
Priyanka, Social Economic Impact Study of Risk Management in Balanced Cantilever
Bridges. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(9), 2017, pp.
383–390.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=9

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. General
Project management is that the art and science of mobilizing and managing individuals,
materials, instrumentation and cash to finish the allotted project work on time with in
budgeted prices and nominative technical performance standards. It aims at achieving the
required objectives with efficiency and effectively by managing human energies and
optimizing the non-human resources placed at their disposal. Planning involves deciding
before what's to be done, however and in what order is to be wiped out order to realize the
objectives. designing aims at deciding au fait the long run course of action. an idea shows the
committed course of action. Schedule depicts once the planned activities square measure to be
carried, it puts the set up on calendar date scale. briefly planning and scheduling involves the
following:
a) Crystallizing the objectives
b) Collecting and synthesizing the knowledge
c) Developing the choice courses of action among nominative constraints
d) Comparing alternatives in terms of objectives practicability and consequences
e) Selecting and programming the optimum course of action
Scheduling suggests that swing the set up on calendar basis . A project network shows the
sequence and interdependencies of activities, their time durations and their earliest and latest
completion time, however this has to be regular to work out commencement and termination
date of every activity, mistreatment optimum resources or operating with in resource
constraints. A time schedule outlines the project work scheduling, it's a diary of labor.

1.1.1. Scheduling
It is a time based mostly arrangement of project activities; a model of showing the sequence
and temporal order of events needed for a construction project

1.1.2. Scheduling Techniques

Scheduling techniques may be classified in some ways, ancient or nontraditional and network
based.
 Ancient or Nontraditional
o Bar chart technique
o Mile stone chart
 Traditional
o Critical path technique (CPM)
o Programme evaluation and review technique(PERT)

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 Social Economic Impact Study of Risk Management in Balanced Cantilever Bridges

1.2. Critical PATH technique (CPM)

CPM [Moder 1988] may be a settled technique that, by use of a network of dependencies
between tasks and given settled values for task durations, calculates the longest path within
the network known as the „critical path‟. The length of the „Critical Path‟ is that the earliest
time for project completion. The essential path may be known by deciding the subsequent
parameters for every activity:
D - duration E - earliest begin time EF - earliest end time LF - latest end time LS - Latest
begin time
The CPM approach terribly is extremely is incredibly straightforward and provides very
helpful and elementary data a few project and its activities‟ schedule. However, attributable to
its‟ single purpose estimate assumption it's too oversimplified to be utilized in real
complicated comes. The challenge is to include the inevitable uncertainty.

2. RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is outlined as associate exposure to the results of uncertainty. Risk is sometimes thought-
about as associate unwanted event that may be known and quantified through its impact and
likelihood of prevalence. The classical definition of risk states that,
Risk = likelihood x Impact
 A likelihood of prevalence of that event.
 Impact of the event occurring (Magnitude of quantity loss/gain)

2.1. Introduction to Risk Management

Risk management during a project encompasses characteristic influencing factors that might
probably negatively impact a project‟s price schedule or quality baselines; quantifying the
associated potential impact of the known risk; and implementing measures to manage and
mitigate the potential impact.
The riskier the activity is, the dearer the results if the incorrect call is formed. Businesses
would really like to quantify risk for several reasons. Knowing what proportion risk is
concerned can facilitate decide if expensive measures to scale back the extent of risk area unit
excusable. All decisions in life involve risk. Risks cannot be altogether avoided, however the
selection will be created in order that risk is decreased.

2.2. Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is outlined during this study as a method that aims to spot and estimate risks
to personnel and property wedged upon by a project. ancient risk assessment for construction
has been synonymous with probabilistic analysis. Such approaches need events to be
reciprocally exclusive, exhaustive, and not absolutely freelance. However, construction
involves several variables, and it's typically tough to work out relation, dependence and
correlations. As a result, subjective analytical ways that place confidence in historical info and
therefore the experiences of people and firms are accustomed assess the impact of
construction risk and uncertainty.

2.3. Tools and Techniques for Risk Identification

Risk can be identified by the following methods (A.K.Garg 2005)
1. Brainstorming

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 P.A. Prabakaran, Dr. K.C. Pazhani, Lisa Mary Thomas and K.M. Priyanka

2. Workshops
3. Interviews
4. Questionnaire survey
5. Feedback from similar projects
6. Use of specialists

3. PROJECT DETAILS
3.1. Description
Construction of a Balanced Cantilever Bridge Across Coleroon River in District Connecting
Muttam and Manalmedu Village

3.2. Project Details

Duration of the project : 27 months
Value of the project : 49 crores

3.2.1. Salient Features

Length of bridge
Span details
Overall width of bridge
Carriageway width
Type of structure
Foundation: Pile foundation
concrete
Super structure
Soil type
Bearing
: 1134m
: 36 spans of 31.5m each
: 12m
: 7.50m
: High level bridge in square alignment
using bored cast-in-situ piles of 1200mm dia., M40 grade of
: Twin box girder slab
: Alluvial soil
: Fixed bearing, Longitudinal bearing

3.3. Activities for the Project

 Preliminary Works
 Pile cap &Piers
 Abutment I , Abutment II & Wing wall
 Capping beam
 Pedestal footpath
 RCC T.Beam with Girder
 Deck slab
 De- shuttering work
 Handrail work
 Wearing Coat
 Retaining wall -I,II
 Culverts
 Under Pass

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 Social Economic Impact Study of Risk Management in Balanced Cantilever Bridges

 Minor bridge
 Road works
 Road Work Forming Embankment
 Providing and laying Sub grade work
 Providing and laying Course Gravel
 Handing over

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Probability Definition
The following charts shows risk probability definitions. During risk analysis the potential
chance that a given risk can occur is assessed, associated an acceptable risk likelihood is
chosen from the chart below

Table 1 Probability Flow Chart

Probability category Probability Description
Very high 0.92 Risk event expected to occur
High 0.75 Risk event more likely than not to occur
Probable 0.55 Risk event may or may not occur
Low 0.32 Risk event less likely than occur
Very low 0.12 Risk event not expected to occur

4.2. Impact Definition

The following chart shows risk impact definitions across each of the potentially impacted
project areas(Cost, Schedule, Scope, Quality).during risk analysis the potential impact of each
risk is analyzed, and an appropriate impact level(0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40,0.80)

Table 2
Project Very low Low Moderate High Very high
objective 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.80
Cost Insignificant <10% 10-20% 20-40% >40%
cost impact cost impact cost impact cost impact cost impact
Schedule Insignificant <5%Schedule 5-10% 10-20% >20%
Schedule impact Schedule Schedule Schedule
impact impact impact impact

Scope Barely Minor areas Major areas Changes Product

noticeable impacted impacted unacceptable to becomes
sponsor Effectively
useless
Quality Barely Only very Sponsor must Quality Product
noticeable demanding approve reduction un becomes
Applications Quality acceptable to effectively
impacted reduction sponsor useless

4.3. Risk Management

Risk management is the art and science of anticipating and planning for future uncertain
events. It is concerned with identifying and analyzing a range of possible outcomes, then

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 P.A. Prabakaran, Dr. K.C. Pazhani, Lisa Mary Thomas and K.M. Priyanka

control and mitigate their negative impacts. The objective is to understand, and mitigate (or)
control risks.
Understanding the risks inherent with each potential project alternative is important to
controlling cost and developing estimates that reflect the cost of accepted risks. To assist
project management in understanding and controlling contingency as the project progresses
through its development which is a dynamic and continuous process throughout project
development.

4.3.1. Project Risk Management

The desired outcome of the risk management is to increase the probability and maximize the
result of positive events and reduce the occurrence of negative events. There are six processes
to the project risk management. They are as follows,
 Plan risk management
 Identify risks
 Perform qualitative risk analysis
 Perform quantitative risk analysis
 Plan risk responses
 Monitor and control risks

Figure 1 Project Risk Management

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 Social Economic Impact Study of Risk Management in Balanced Cantilever Bridges

4.3.2. Rate of Risks

Figure 2 Determine the risk rating/level

5. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the project work carried out the following conclusion are made:
 The planning and scheduling is carried out for each phase of the bridge project.
 Use of Primavera project planner during execution stage proved to be very useful which
avoided many problems that are arising in office (or) any other places.
 By allocating the resources for each activity (or) task the risk involved in the project
identified. The risk assessment for financial, Labour, schedule, environmental hazards is
studied in the project.
 The impact of each risk in the project is identified by using the software.
 Based on the work carried out the risk report sheet and impact report sheet is presented.

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