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PROJECT REPORT
ON

Purification of water without Electricity

REPORT SUBMITTED

TO

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PUNE

FOR THE PBL OF ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

IN

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED

SCIENCES

BY

NIKHIL AHIRE – 154026/21810368

SOUMYA CHAPHALE - 154028/21810465
GAURAV GAIKWAD - 154044/21810690

Class: F.Y. B Tech Division: MECH D Batch: D2

Batch Teacher: Aparna Kulkarni Ma’am (APK)

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INDEX

Sr. No. Contents Page No.

1 ABSTRACT 3

2 OBJECTIVES 7

3 INTRODUCTION/THEORY 8

4 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS (PROPOSED/USED) 10

5 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 11

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12

7 CONCLUSIONS 13

8 REFERENCES 14
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ABSTRACT

Water purification can be defined as the act of processes for

removal contaminants from untreated water to produce the
potable, safe and pure enough water for human consumption.
During this process, an appropriate membrane will be removed
the contaminant substances such as suspended solids, bacteria,
algae, viruses, minerals such as iron, and other chemical
pollutants like fertilizers. World Health Organization (WHO)
has issued several guidelines for drinking water quality
requirement that are generally can be followed in order to have
an access to safe drinking water for consumers. During or post
disaster situation or in troublesome situation the difficult is to
get a clean and safe water. an active person needs to drink at
least half gallons or 2 liter of water each day. However, children
and illness person will require even more. An estimation of
clean water usage at least 1 gallon or 3.8 liter per person, per
day and the rest were for food preparation and hygiene. So it is
necessary to get pure, clean & potable water.
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Impurities in water sources are:

Drinking water quality standards

Drinking water quality standards describes the quality parameters set for
drinking water.
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OBJECTIVES
GOAL To make a portable water purifier.

 In some parts of the world, people don't have access to

clean, running water in their homes or when they are
outstation at a very remote place or at picnic or trekking or
During or post disaster situation.
 The main source of water in such places are mostly rivers,
lakes or ponds & dams (at homes).
 So, we have made a portable water filtration system using
some common materials & readily available things to
remove insoluble impurities like mud, dirt etc. from water.
 The method is cheap & convenient to use so it aims at
providing clean water during such situations.
 Currently available water purification systems require
large scale expensive facilities or disposable filters which
require costly maintenance and replacement.
 This device is reusable & requires little maintenance.
 If the filtered water is boiled then, water will also be 90%
free from bacterial impurities and also the hardness of
water will be reduced to some extent.
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THEORY
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable
chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and
gases from water. The goal is to produce water fit for
specific purposes.

Zeolites are microporous, minerals commonly used as

commercial adsorbents and catalysts. The
term zeolite was originally coined in 1756
by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who
observed that rapidly heating the material, believed to
have been stilbite, produced large amounts of steam from
water that had been adsorbed by the material. Based on
this, he called the material zeolite.

Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash

residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and
other volatile constituents
from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is
usually produced by slow pyrolysis — the heating
of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen.
This process is called charcoal burning. The finished
charcoal consists largely of carbon.
Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment
process of water purification.
There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters,
upward flow sand filters and slow sand filters. All three
methods are used extensively in the water
industry throughout the world. The first two require the use
of flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand
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filters can produce very high quality water

with pathogens removal from 90% to >99% (depending on
the strains), taste and odour without the need for chemical
aids. Sand filters can, apart from being used in water
treatment plants, be used for water purification in singular
households as they use materials which are available for
most people.
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Experimental method
Water is poured in the setup so it passes through
zeolite, it reduces the hardness of water then the
big particles are stuck in the fine sand, then the
charcoal and the cotton purify the water for
drinking purpose.
Hardness of the water is measured by EDTA
method and Zeolite minimize the hardness of
water.
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Experimental Details
A] TO PREPARE 0.01 M ZnSO4.7H2O SOLUTION
 0.718 OF PURE ZINC SULPHATE + 250 ml DISTILLED
WATER
B] IN BURETTE,
Na2 EDTA ZnSO4.7H2O
M2 0.01M
FOR TITRATE
TRANSFER 5ml ZnSO4.7H2O + 3ml BUFFER [pH=10] +
2-3 DROPS EBT
TITRATE TILL COLOR CHANGES WINE RED TO BLUE
M1V1 = M2V2
C] EDTA = 0.0074 M
TRANSFER 5 ml OF WATER SAMPLE + 3ml BUFFER
[pH10] + 2-3 DROPS EBT [WINE RED TO BLUE]
Ca+2 + HIn  CaIn- + H+
CaIn- + H2Y-2  CaY-2 + HIn-2 + H+ metal
EDTA complex
D] EDTA AND Ca+2 [OR Mg+2] Ion FORMS COMPLEX
1 mole of EDTA = 1 mole Ca+2 = 1 mole CaCO3
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1 mole EDTA = 100 gm CaCO3

Thus, 1000ml 1M EDTA = 100 gm CaCO3
1 ml 0.01 M EDTA = 1 mg CaCO3
Y ml of M2 EDTA = 100 gm CaCO3
= 0.99 x 0.0074/0.01
= 0.66 mg CaCO3

0.01 x 5=M2 x 6.7

M2 = 0.0074 M
5ml water sample contains A mg CaCO3 = 0.66
1 ltr water = 133.2 mg of CaCO3
Hardness of water = 133.2 ppm
ZEOLITE:-
1 ml 0.01 M EDTA = 1 mg CaCO3
Z ml M2 M EDTA = 0.1 x 0.0074/0.01
= 0.074
Total hardness of 1 ltr water = 14.8 ppm.
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Results and Observations

Hardness of water = 133.2 ppm

Zeolite process automatically adjusts itself

for variation in hardness.
Gelatinous substances and oil clings to
sand.
Charcoal makes the water healthier and
improves the flavor.
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Conclusion
1. Activated charcoal works through the
process of adsorption
2. This filter can be used at small level
eg.homes in villages.
3. Carbon-based organic impurities in the
water are attracted to the carbon in the
charcoal, which readily bonds to these
impurities.
4. Sand removes suspended matter, as
well as floating and sinkable particles.
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Reference
1. YOUTUBE:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc0-
TtkJScc
2. WIKIPEDIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
3. CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

Special thanks to
Prof. A.P.Kulkarni Ma’am.
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