EE342:

MICROWAVE
ENGINEERING
Week 5: Impedance Matching Network

1
Impedance Matching

■ Joseph Henry is attributed

as the first engineer or
scientist that determined
that power is maximized if
the load is "matched" to the
generator.
Impedance Matching

■ This is achieved by designing the matching network to exhibit

an impedance equal to 𝑍𝑜 at MM’ when looking into the
network from the transmission line side.
Impedance Matching

■ If the network is lossless, then all the power going into it will end
up in the load.
■ Matching networks may consist of lumped elements to avoid
ohmic losses only capacitors and inductors are used.
■ Sections of transmission lines with appropriate lengths and
terminations are also used for impedance matching.
■ The matching network is intended to match a load impedance
𝑍𝐿 = 𝑅𝐿 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 to a lossless line with characteristic impedance of
𝑍𝑜 .
■ We convert 𝑅𝐿 𝑡𝑜 𝑍𝑜
■ Convert 𝑋𝐿 𝑡𝑜 0 when we move from load towards TL
Choice of a Matching
Network
■ The desire for simple design if possible
■ Impedance Matching at a single frequency is easy, achieving
a wide bandwidth impedance matching is difficult
■ Matching Network be adjustable
■ Matching can be done by
■ L-Networks
■ Single Stub tuners
 Impedance Matching with
Lumped Elements (L-Networks)

■ We need reflection coefficient at the load be zero, VSWR=s=1.

 Impedance Matching with
Lumped Elements (L-Networks)
■ There are two types of possible circuits for L-Type Matching

■ If ZL is inside 1+jx circle we add shunt susceptance first

■ If ZL is outside 1+jx circle then we add series reactance first
Impedance Matching with
Lumped Elements (L-Networks)
■ Eight possible combinations of inductors and capacitors in
the L-Network are
 Impedance Matching with
Lumped Elements (L-Networks)

■ Using smith chart is easier for this purpose but analytical technique is
more accurate.
■ Solution using smith chart gives more insight about the matching
network
■ Example
– Design an L-Network to Match the Load 25+j30Ω to a TL with
𝑍𝑜 = 50Ω at the frequency f=1GHz
 Plot zL
Plot 1+jy circle
by taking 0.33
as center and
0.5Γ as radius

Move to 1+jy
circle
keeping r
constant and
then convert
to This new yL will cut
admittance 1+j0 circle
Now add b to move
to center of chart
L-Network Matching, Final Circuit
L-Network Matching, Final Circuit
L-Network Matching, Final Circuit
L-Network Matching, Final
Circuit
Example 2: L-Section, Impedance
Matching Network

■ As first component is shunt, we will convert to admittance chart first.

 Plot zL
Move to center

Convert to yL

Move to 1+j0 y circle

Convert back to impedance

Final Solution of
Example 2
Solution 2

Plot zL
Move to center

Convert to yL

Move to 1+j0 y circle

Convert back to impedance

Alternate Method for Example
2
 H.W

■ Find just one solution to each and give the final Circuit