National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Mid-Semester Examination (Autumn) 2018
Subject: Cryptographic Foundation Subject Code: CS 325
Full Marks: 30 Duration: 2 Hours
Answer ALL questions.
Figures at the right margin indicate marks.
All parts of a question must be answered at one place.
1. (a) Using extended Euclidean algorithm, find the greatest common divisor among 291 and 42. Also
find the value of s and t. [2]
(b) Find the multiplicative inverse of 48 in Z281 . [2]
(c) Find the particular and the general solutions to the following linear Diophantine equation. [2]
40x + 16y = 88
(d) What is the value of Φ(36) and Φ(230), where Φ is the Euler’s Totient/phi function? [2]
(e) Find the value of x such that 216 mod x = 1. [2]
2. (a) Bob received a message ”oipotyhpmy” from Alice. He knows that Alice used the following key and
the playfair cipher technique for encryption. What was the massage sent by Alice to Bob? [2]
A B C D E
F G H I/J K
L M N O P
Q R S T U
V W X Y Z
(b) State Fermat’s Little theorem. Reduce the expression 425 mod 17 to Fermat’s Little theorem and
then find it’s value. [2]
(c) Create a linear feedback shift register with 6 cells in which b6 = b5 ⊕ b3 ⊕ b2 ⊕ b0 . Show the value
of output for 10 transitions if the seed is 101001. [2]
(d) Briefly describe the various components used in a round of DES at the sender site. [2]
(e) With neat diagram explain the processes of encryption and decryption in CFB mode. List the
advantages and disadvantages of CFB mode. [2]
3. (a) What do you mean by confusion and diffusion? [2]
3 2 2 4 4 3
(b) Show how to multiply (x + x + x + 1) by (x + x) in GF(2 ) using (x + x + 1) as modulus. [2]
(c) Find the inverse of (x4 + x3 + 1) in GF(25 ) using the modulus (x5 + x2 + 1) [2]
(d) Explain with suitable block diagram the key expansion procedure in AES-128. [2]
∗
(e) For the group < G = Z19 , × > : [2]
i. Find the order of the group
ii. Find the primitive roots in the group
iii. show that the group is cyclic
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NITR/CSE/RKM/CS325/MID/2018