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Activity 13 English PDF
Activity 13 English PDF
SUBJECT: ENGLISH
PRESNTED BY:
LAYZA DEPAZ MARITA PATRICIA
2019
A scientific article is a written report that describes the original results of an investigation that
has been carried out.
The main characteristic of this type of research article is that it must always provoke advances
in knowledge, so it is obvious that it can only fulfill its purpose when it has been published and
made available to the scientific community so that it can be read, understood and incorporated
by their peers.
Title
It is the main factor and determinant in terms of attracting attention. It is also about having as
few words as possible that can adequately describe the content of the article in question.
Authors
Abstract or abstract
It is as short as possible (it must not have more than 150 words), it must allow to identify in a
fast and intelligible way the content of the article. The abstract must be written in both English
and Spanish or in accordance with the requirements of the journal where the article will be
published.
Introduction
It is very important because it focuses the character of the investigation. It should be worded
carefully to stimulate the interest of the reader. Its purpose is to clearly indicate the problem
investigated and to give the reader the events of the case. The introduction should answer the
question What was studied?
It is the part in which we must relate what has been done to study and solve the problem; that
is, to verify the hypotheses positively or negatively and to achieve the objectives.
It consists in describing the experiments with sufficient details so that any competent researcher
can repeat them and obtain the same or equivalent results.
It is the most important part of the report, it must not contain comments, judgments or
justifications. They are presented in the order in which the objectives were set, from the most
important to the least significant.
Its purpose is to locate the results of the study that is made known in the context of existing
knowledge. The important points are expressed in terms of conclusions.
The conclusions must be presented clearly in response to the question that arose from the study
and the objectives set, therefore there must be as many conclusions as there are objectives.
References or bibliographies
Where appointments are collected. It must include published scientific works avoiding the
incorporation of material not openly available such as unpublished doctoral theses and
conference proceedings or similar. Regarding the procedure, it is necessary to follow the
publication rules specified in each journal. In general, references should include: author, title,
place of publication, editorial and year, in the case of a book; author, title, name of journal,
volume and pages, in the case of a journal.
In this lesson we will explain the use of the comma in English, a confusing concept for
English learners and even for native English speakers.
ELEMENTS IN A SERIES
A comma is used to separate the elements into a series of three or more things. The comma
before the conjunction (and or or) is optional but it is advised to use it so as not to confuse the
reader.
A comma is used to separate two or more coordinated adjectives that describe the same noun.
Coordinated adjectives are adjectives that have the same status. If the adjectives are
coordinated, you can write the word "and" between the words or you can change the order of
the words and the sentence still makes sense.
They are coordinated because it makes sense to change the order (He is a cheerful, funny
man.) And you can connect the adjectives with the word and (He is a funny and cheerful
man.)
The adjectives are not coordinated because you can not change the order (She is an old little
lady.) Or connect the adjectives with the word and (She is a little and old lady.)
DIRECT APPOINTMENTS
The comma is used with direct quotations to separate the quotation from the rest of the
sentence if the quotation is a complete sentence.
A comma and a conjunction (and, but, for, nor, yet, or, so) are used to connect two independent
clauses. Independent clauses are parts of the sentence that could be independent sentences (they
contain a subject and a verb).
The two clauses could be independent sentences ("He went to the store." And "It was
closed.")
The two clauses could not be independent sentences ("He went to the store." Is independent
but "bought fruit" is not independent.) One subject is missing.)
INTRODUCTORY ELEMENTS
The comma is used to separate introductory elements from the sentence. Many introductory
clauses start with the words after, although, as, because, if, since, when, and while. Also, the
words yes, however, and well are introductory.
NON-ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
A comma is used to separate clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning
of the sentence (such as the non-restrictive clauses we studied in the grammar lesson).
CONTRAST ELEMENTS
The comma is used to separate elements that indicate a contrast in the sentence with commas.
The "Tag Questions" that we studied in lesson 4 are considered a contrast element (the second
example below).
A comma is used to separate parts of a geographical name (for example, the name of the city
from the name of the state or country).
In the United States, the comma is used to separate the month and day of the year. In Europe
the date is written with the first day and a comma is not used.
William H. Johnson, MD
Sarah T. Fredericks, PhD