WHAT IS SUMMARIZING?

•Deepen your understanding of the text; •Learn to identify relevant information or key edeas;
•Combine details or examples that support the main edeas/s; •Concentrate in the gist or main
idea and key words presented in the text;and, •Capture the key ideas in the text and put them
together clearly and concisely.

NOT SUMMARIZING?

•Write down everything; •Write down ideas from the text word to word; •Write down incoherent
and irrelevant edeas; •Write down ideas that are not stated in the text;or
•Write down a summary that has the same length or is longer than the original text.

GUIDELINES IN SUMMARIZING

1.Clarify your purpose before yoe read. 2.Read the text and understand the meaning.Do not
stop reading until you understand the message conveyed by the author.Locate the gist or main
idea of the text ,which can usually be found either at the beginning,in middle,or in the end.
3.Select and underline or circle the key ideas and phrases while reading:another strategy is to
annote key.
4.Write all the key ideas and phrases you identified on the margins or on your notebook in a bullet or
outline form. 5.Without looking at the text ,identify the connections of these key ideas and phrases 6.List
your ideas in sentences form in a concept.
7.Combine the sentences into paragraph.Use appreciate transitional devices to improve
cohesion.
8.Ensure that you do not copy a single sentence from original text.
9.Refrain from adding comments about the text.Stick to the ideas it present
10.Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating redundant ideas.
11.Compare your output with the original text to unsure accuracy.
12.Record the details of the original source (author r's name/s,date of
publication,title,publisher;place of publishing and URL(if online).It is not necessary to indicate
the page number's of the original text in citting sourcesof in summaries.
13.Format your summary properly. When you combine your summaries in a paragraph ,use
different formats to show variety in writing.

FORMATS IN SUMMARIZING
•Ideas Heading Format-The summarize idea comes before the Citation EXAMPLE: Bench
marking is a useful strategy that has the potential to help public officials improve the
performance of local services(Folz,2004;Ammons,2001).Once the practice of a guidepost and
the basis for the other counterparts to improve its own
•Author Heading Format-The summarize ideas comes after the citation.The author's name/s
is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb.

Example: The considerable number of FB has led educators to utilize FB forcommunicating

with their students (Grant.2008;as cited in Donmus,2010).The study of Kabilan.Ahmad and
Abidin (2010) shows thar the students perceived FB as an online environment to expedite
language learning specifically English. Donmus (2010)asserts that educational games on FB
fecun date learning process and make students'learning environment more engaging .As
regards literacy,this notion reveals that FB could be used as a took to aid individuals execute a
range of social acts through social literacy implementation (ibid).Blackstone and Hardwood
(2012)suggest the facilitative strength of FB as it either elicits greater engagement on
collaboration among students.
•Date Heading Format-The summarized idea comes after the date when the material was
published
Example:
On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in development contribute to a sound and
reasonable government decision.In their 2002 study on the impact of participatory development
approach,Irvin and Stansbury argue that participants can be valuable to the participants and the
government in terms of the process and outcomes and decision making.
USING REPORTING VERBS
•A reporting verb is a word used to discuss another person's writings or assertions.
•They are generally used to discussion in the text.
EXAMPLE;
Having a syntactically, correct sentence is not enough to create meaning. As Noam Chomsky
pointed out,a sentence can be perfect in terms of syntax and still not make sense. He showed
this by coming up with the famous sentence,"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously"(Chomsky,
1957)

•Hyland (1999) lists a frequency of reporting ver