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Piping Material Pres
Piping Material Pres
Carbon Equivalent:
Ceq = C + Mn/6 + Cr + Mo+ V + Cu + Ni
5 15
Killed Steel
During Steel making process oxygen present is removed
by adding Silica (De oxidizing agent).
ALLOY STEEL
Addition of elements such as Cromium, Nickel,
Molybdenum, Manganese, Silicon along with heat
treatment improves the properties of steels such
as mechanical strength, corrosion resistance,
toughness
MACHINABILITY
RESISTANCE TO
FORGEABILITY
COOLING RATE
TEMPERATURE
IMPACT VALUE
ELONGATION
YIELD POINT
FORMATION
ELASTICITY
STRENGTH
ALLOYING
HARDNESS
STABLITY
ELEMENT
CARBIDE
SCALING
WEAR
HIGH
Silicon ↑ ↑ ↑↑ ↓ ↓ ↑↑↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Manganese in
perlit.steels ↑ ↑ ↑ • • ↑ • ↓ • ↓↓ ↑ ↓ •
Manganese in
austenit.steels. ↓↓↓ ↑ ↓ ↑↑↑ – – – ↓↓ – – ↓↓↓ ↓↓↓ ↓↓
Chromium ↑↑ ↑↑ ↑↑ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓↓↓ ↑↑ ↑ ↓ – ↓↓↓
Nickel in
perlit.steels ↑ ↑ ↑ • • – ↑ ↓↓ – ↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Nickel in
austennit.steels ↓↓ ↑ ↓ ↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ – ↑↑↑ ↓↓ – – ↓↓↓ ↓↓↓ ↓↓
Aluminum – – – – ↓ – – – – – ↓↓ – ↓↓
Tungsten ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ • – ↑↑↑ ↓↓ ↑↑ ↑↑↑ ↓↓ ↓↓ ↓↓
Vanadium ↑ ↑ ↑ • ↑ ↑ ↑↑ ↓↓ ↑↑↑↑ ↑↑ ↑ – ↓
Cobalt ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ – ↑↑ ↑↑ – ↑↑↑ ↓ • ↓
Molybdenum ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↑ – ↑↑ ↓↓ ↑↑↑ ↑↑ ↓ ↓ ↑↑
Copper ↑ ↑ ↑↑ • • – ↑ – – – ↓↓↓ • •
Sulphur – – – ↓ ↓ – – – – – ↓↓↓ ↑↑↑ –
Phosphorous ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓↓↓ – – – – – ↓ ↑↑ –
↑=Increase ↓=Decrease • = constant - = not characteristic or unknown Several arrows =more intensive effect
STAINLESS STEEL
Classification based on
1. Alloying Constituents
2. Metallurgical Microstructure
3. Degree of sensitization
STAINLESS STEEL
Alloying constituents
Martensitic SS.
High hardness (carbon added to the alloy)
Corrosion resistant
Type 410,420.
STAINLESS STEEL
Precipitation Hardened SS
Magnetic
GROUP 1
SERVICE PRESSURE
PLATE PIPE FORGING
TEMPERATURE (°F) BOLTING
L BOLTS: SA 320
(-75) – (-51) SA 203 GR.A OR B SA 333 GR.3 SA 350 GR.
O GR.L7
LF3
W NUTS: SA 194
GR.4
DESCRIPTION CS AS SS DSS