Section 2 Calculations B31.3 New Piping Calculations

API 570: PIPING INSPECTION CODE: Inspection,
Repair, Alteration & Rerating of Inservice Piping

Systems (API Exam Preparation Training)
Section 2
Calculations
B31.3 New Piping Calculations
Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure B31.3 304.1
Material Stress Allowed and Factor E j B31.3 Tables A-1and A-1B
Required Thickness of Permanent Blanks B31.3 304.5.3
Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 1

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

B31.3 304.1B
The formula for calculating the required thickness of
new piping is located in Chapter II paragraph 304.1 of
the B31.3 Code and is as follows:
(a)The required thickness of straight sections of pipe shall

be determined in accordance with Equation. (2):
t m = t +c (2)
The minimum thickness T for the pipe selected,
considering manufacturer's minus tolerance, shall be
not less than t m

B31.3 304.1
(b) The following nomenclature is used in the equations for
pressure design of straight pipe.
tm =minimum required thickness, including mechanical, corrosion,
and erosion allowances
t =pressure design thickness, as calculated in accordance with
paragraph. 304.1.2 for internal pressure.
c =the sum of the mechanical allowances (thread or groove
depth) plus corrosion and erosion allowances. For threaded
components, the nominal thread depth (dimension h of ASME
B1.20.1, or equivalent) shall apply. For machined surfaces or
grooves where the tolerance is not specified, the tolerance
shall be assumed to be 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) in addition to the
specified depth of the cut.

B31.3 304.1
T =pipe wall thickness (measured or minimum per purchase
specification)
d =inside diameter of pipe. For pressure design calculation, the
inside diameter of the pipe is the maximum value allowable
under the purchase specification.
P =internal design gage pressure
D =outside diameter of pipe as listed in tables of standards or
specifications or as measured.
E =quality factor from Table A-l A or A-l B
S =stress value for material from Table A-l
W =weld strength reduction factor per para. 302.3.5(e)( Note:1.0
seamless pipe)
Y =coefficient from Table 304.1.1, valid for t < D/6 and for
materials shown. The value of Y may be interpolated for
intermediate temperatures.

B31.3 304.1
The method for determining T (purchased pipe wall thickness)
follows:
Calculate the design thickness t required for the Internal

Design Pressure P.
Add on to t the corrosion, erosion and mechanical allowances
to find tm
tm = t + c
Add on to t + c the allowance for mill under-run tolerance and
then select the next commercially available schedule of pipe
walls thickness that will satisfy T.
tm = t + c + mill under tolerance


B31.3 304.1
The first step requires the use of one of the equations
given in 304.1.2; the equations are as follows:
For t < D/6, the internal pressure design thickness for
straight pipe shall be not less than that calculated in
accordance with Equation 3a.
PD
t=
2(SEW + PY)


B31.3 304.1
Equation (3b) may be used instead of Equation. (3a):
P(d + 2c)
t=
2[SEW - P(1 - Y)]
For t D/6 or for P/SE > 0.385, This is not on exam


B31.3 304.1
Both of the equations may be used, as the difference in

required thickness will be insignificant at lower
operating temperatures (less than 900 o F) considering
the required addition of thickness for all of the other
issues such as corrosion, mechanical, and mill under
tolerance.


B31.3 304.1
We will use the formula of (3a)
PD
t=
2(SEW + PY)


B31.3 304.1
Remember that the equations listed in 3(a) and 3(b)
involve the Factor Y, this factor is used to compensate for
the non-linear reduction in allowable stress at design
temperatures above 900 o F (482 o C). Accordingly, if a
piping system is to operate at elevated temperatures one
of those two equations should be used. The value of Y will
come from Table 304.1.1 of B31.3 based on the piping
material, ferritic, austenitic, etc.


B31.3 304.1


B31.3 304.1
The other issue is that of "Mill Under Tolerance", the
value of which is found in the manufacturing specification
of the particular pipe or plate from which pipe is
fabricated.
For standard piping, the under-tolerance means our pipe
could arrive with a thickness as low as 12.5 % below the
stated nominal thickness.
The standard "Mill under Tolerance" for rolled plate from
which piping and permanent blanks can be fabricated is
0.010". So a .500” wall pipe might arrive as low as .490”


Stainless Steel
Piping Schedules


B31.3 304.1
Example Problem 1:
1. Calculate the required ordered thickness T for a
piping system that will be constructed from A 106
Grade B pipe. The pipes nominal size is to be 12
inches which is manufactured with the actual OD
of 12.75 inches. The fluid service will require a
design temperature of 500 o F at a design pressure
of 350 psi with a corrosion allowance of 1/16 inch.
The piping system will be welded and erosion is
not a design concern.


B31.3 304.1
The following information will be required to solve this problem:
P = 350 psi
D = 12.75
S = 18,900 psi at 500 o F from the Stress Table A-1 in B31.3
E = 1.0 for seamless A-106 Grade B from Table A-1B in B31.3
C = 1/16" or 0.0625“ mill under allowance = minus 12.5 % from
or 87.5 % of the nominal thickness.
Y = 0.4
W = weld joint strength reduction factor =1.0 (weld metal = or >
than base metal)
tm=?
Turning to Table A-1 and finding A106 Gr. B




B31.3 304.1
Calculate the pressure design thickness using the
formula given in B31.3 304.1 3(b);
PD 350x12.75
t=
2(SEW + PY) = 2 x [(18,900 x 1.0x1.0)  (350x0.4)] =
4462.5
38080
=.1171 " retire/repair thickness

tm = t + c = required actual minimum measured
thickness with corrosion/erosion
allowance and mechanical strength
consideration.
Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure B31.3

304.1
tm = t + c = required actual minimum measured

thickness with corrosion/erosion allowance and
mechanical strength consideration.
tm = 0.1171 +0.0625 = 0.1796"


B31.3 304.1
T May not be less than tm therefore it must equal to at
least 0.1796", and as a practical matter would require
the ordering of Schedule 20 piping (see Annex C of
B16.5) which a has nominal thickness of .250 which
after deduction for the minus mill under-run tolerance
of 12.5%, could arrive at a thickness as low as 0.21875"
which is still greater than tm .
T= 0.1796” minimum ordered thickness. Which when
rounded up for thickness is 0.180”. Schedule 20 will be
adequate.

B31.3 304.1
Example Problem 2:
Demonstration of allowance for mill under-run for
pipe constructed of plate and the use of added
thickness for structural strength.


B31.3 304.1
2. Calculate the minium required ordered thickness T by
schedule with allowance for mill under-run tolerance, for
a piping system that will be constructed from a rolled
plate piping material ASTM A 671 Gr. CC70 Class 22. The
pipe's nominal size is to be 16 inches, which is
manufactured with the actual OD of 16 inches. The
service will require a design temperature of 750 o F at a
design pressure of 500 psi. The weight of the fluid will
require added thickness for structural strength of 0.100”.
There must be a corrosion allowance of 1/16 inch.


B31.3 304.1
What is the required as measured thickness of this pipe

and what schedule of pipe will meet or exceed this
thickness requirement?


B31.3 304.1
P = 500 psi @750 o F
D = 16.0”
E = 1.0 from Table A-1B B31.3
W = 1.0
C = 0.0625" + 0.100”
Y = 0.4 From table 304.1.1
Mill under allowance = minus 0.010" for rolled plate.
T = ? (pressure design thickness)
T = ? pipe wall thickness (measured or minimum per purchase
specification)

B31.3 304.1
Calculate the pressure design thickness using the
formula given in B31.3 304.1 3(b);
PD
=
500x16
=
8000
t=
2(SEW + PY) 2x[(14800x1.0x1.0)  (500x0.4)] 30000
t = 0.2666“ tm = t + c = 0.2666" + 0.0625" + 0.100 =

0.4291"
T = Rounded up to 0.430" measured or minimum per
purchase specification.

B31.3 304.1
Note: The normal rules of rounding values do not apply in
ASME /API Code calculations. Always round up no matter
what. Rounding this solution to 0.429 would not be the
proper procedure for a Code calculation on any API exam.
From RP 574 page 6, 16” Schedule 40 has a nominal
thickness of 0.500. Since this specification of pipe is
made from plate the under-tolerance is 0.010”.
Subtracting the mill under-run tolerance from the
nominal we have, 0.500” - 0.010” = 0.490”
0.490 > 0.430” Use Schedule 40

Required Thickness of Permanent Blanks

B31.3 304.5
304.5.3 Blanks
Please notice that the calculation for t at the design
pressure, plus corrosion, erosion , and mechanical
wear are all combined in the following permanent
blank formula, by placing the + c on the basic design
thickness equation. The manufacturer's minus
tolerance must also be considered.

Required Thickness of Permanent

Blanks B31.3 304.5
The minimum required thickness of permanent blanks

shall be calculated in accordance with this equation.
3P
t =d
m g +c
16SEW

Required Thickness of Permanent

Blanks B31.3 304.5
where:
dg = inside diameter of gasket for raised or flat face

flanges, or the gasket pitch diameter for ring joint
and fully retained gasketed flanges
E = same as defined in paragraph. 304.1.1
P = design gage pressure
S = same as defined in paragraph. 304.1.1
c = sum of allowances defined in paragraph. 304.1.1


B31.3 304.5
Example problem 1:
Calculate the required thickness for a permanent
blank to be installed in a piping system that
constructed of ASTM A 285 Gr. B seamless rolled plate
material. The piping is standard schedule 12.75 OD
the ID of the piping is 12.0 inches. For the dg value
uses the ID of the piping plus .500 so dg will equal
12.50 inches. The system will operate at a
temperature of 400 o F and under a design pressure of
500 psi. A corrosion allowance of 0.0625" applies to
both sides of the permanent blank

B31.3 304.5
P = 500 psi design gage pressure

dg = 12.50
E = 1.0 for Seamless materials from Table A-1B B31.3
C = 1/16" or 0.0625“
Mill under-run allowance = minus 0.010" for rolled plate.

T = ? (Pressure design thickness)
Tm =?
T =?

B31.3 304.5
Calculate the pressure design thickness using the formula
given in B31.3 304.5.3 ;
3 x 500
=
3P
t =d
m g +c 12.50 +c
16SEW 16x15,400x1.0x1.0
1500
12.50
246,400
+c = 12.50 x 0.0060876 + c


B31.3 304.5
= (12.50 x 0.078023) +c = 0.9752875 + c
Allowing for corrosion both sides of the blank of the plate

material we have the following required T. Remember to
allow for the under-run of 0.010 typical for plate
when ordering.
T = 0.9752875" + (2 x 0.0625") = 1.1002875“
The obvious variations of this type of problem are the

cases where there is no corrosion, or corrosion on only
one side.

Section 2 Calculations B31.3 New Piping Calculations

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Section 2 Calculations B31.3 New Piping Calculations

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API 570: PIPING INSPECTION CODE: Inspection,

Repair, Alteration & Rerating of Inservice Piping

Required Thickness of Permanent Blanks B31.3 304.5.3

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 1

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

(a)The required thickness of straight sections of pipe shall

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Calculate the design thickness t required for the Internal

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 5

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 6

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Equation (3b) may be used instead of Equation. (3a):

For t D/6 or for P/SE > 0.385, This is not on exam

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 7

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Both of the equations may be used, as the difference in

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 8

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 9

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 10

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 11

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 13

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 14

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 15

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 16

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 18

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 19

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 20

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

=.1171 " retire/repair thickness

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure B31.3

tm = t + c = required actual minimum measured

tm = 0.1171 +0.0625 = 0.1796"

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 22

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 24

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 25

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

What is the required as measured thickness of this pipe

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 26

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

t = 0.2666“ tm = t + c = 0.2666" + 0.0625" + 0.100 =

Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 29

Required Thickness of Permanent Blanks

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 30

Required Thickness of Permanent

The minimum required thickness of permanent blanks

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 31

Required Thickness of Permanent

dg = inside diameter of gasket for raised or flat face

Section 2 Haward Technology Middle East 32