Presentation on Piping Stress Analysis

 Role of piping stress analysis in Piping

Design
 Basics of Stress and Strain
 Work Flow
 Interactions with other design groups
 Monitoring and control of piping stress
analysis job
 Role of Piping Stress Analysis

 Role of Piping:
 Transport fluids with specific conditions of temperature
and pressure from one place to the other in a controlled
way
 Three Stages in Piping Design
 Basic Design
 Lay-Out Design
 Stress Analysis
 Purpose of stress analysis is to check that the designed piping
system is strong enough to withstand the imposed loads
 Response of a Body to Applied Load

 When a load is applied to a body one of the

two things happens
 The body moves as a whole
 Due to some constraint, the body resists the load

 In the later case there are internal deformation in

the body. If these deformations are excessive
then the body may lose its integrity and collapse
 Measure of Body Deformation: Stress

 More is the applied load P, more

will be the deformation
 More is the area A to which load
is applied, lesser will be the L A
deformation
 Quantity P/A therefore is a dL
measure of the body deformation
and is called STRESS
P
 Measure of Body Deformation: Strain

 More is the overall increase in

length of body, more will be the
deformation
 More is the original length of
body, lesser will be the L A
deformation
 Quantity Load/Area therefore is dL
also a measure of the body
deformation and is called
STRAIN
P
 Relationship between Stress and Strain

 Relationship Yield Point

between stress and
strain is given by
stress strain curve.
Stress
Its shape varies
depending upon
the material.
Strain
 Types of Stresses

 Normal Stress Parallel

Planes
 Applied force is normal to the
area to which it is applied Normal
Planes

 Tensile Stress
 Compressive stress

Shear Stress P
Applied Force is parallel to the area
to which force is applied
 Types of Stresses

 Hoop Stress PD/2t

 Axial Stress due to
Pressure PD/4t
 Bending Stress M/Z
 Tensional Stress T/I
 Control of Piping Stresses (1/3)

 Hoop Stress:
 To control hoop stress pipe wall thickness
should be more than the minimum required
wall thickness determined from hope stress
relation. This is done at basic design phase
 Control of Piping Stresses (2/3)

 Bending due to weight+Axial stress due to pressure:

 This sum should be less than the material allowable
stress. Axial stress due to pressure can not be
reduced, so we can only reduce bending due to
weight. This is done providing adequate supports.
 This component loosely depend upon the lay-out of
the line. By following maximum support span we can
ensure safety of piping against this component of
stress
 Control of Piping Stresses (3/3)

 Thermal Loads:
 Stresses from combination of bending and
torsion should not exceed allowable Stress
 To control this component of stress, we need
to add flexibility of the system and this
strongly depend upon the lay-out of the
system. We therefore have to evaluate and
analyze this component in detail.
 Restraint Loads

 Due to weight of piping, insulation and Fluid

etc
 Point Load
 Uniform Load

 Thermal Loads
 Resulted from restraining the pipe
 Loads on Equipment Nozzle

 Allowable loads limited by governing code

and standard like API 610, NEMA, API 66
and API 617 etc
 Allowable loads limited by vendor
 Actual loads verified by vendor
 Other Considerations

 Piping displacements
 Flange leakage
 Wind Loads
 Dynamic loads
 Work Flow of Piping Stress

Flow of Stress ISO

Stre ss Group Lay-Out group

Process Initiated if Anything in

"Engineer's Scope" Changed Process Initiated by Designer

Input of "Designer's Scope"

Input of "Engineer's Scope"

Initial Sketck
Master Sketch

Assign Next
Analysis Rev No
Prepare New
Sketch in case
Modified Master Sketch of major change
Update
Master Prepare
Sketch

Information Sketch Information Sketch

Modify in case of minor change

Note 1
Revised Sketch Revised Sketch

Legend:
Keep copy of previous revision

Retain copy

Keep Original

Keep scanned image in relevant folder

Note 1: Stress Engineer may temporarily hang the process if, in his opinion, the change would not have considerable impact on analysis results
and later on resume the process at Final Check stage or when there are sufficient changes which can have impact on analysis results
 Interfaces of Piping Stress Group

Process
Client
Process Conditions
Special Items
Specifications for Stress Analysis Weights etc
Vendors
Stress Reports for Approval Spring Hangers specifications

Civil Loads on Structure

Piping Stress
Changes in Pipe Route/Supports
Piping Lay-out
Structure drawings
Group Pipe Route, Support Locations Group
MTO of special items
Actual Nozzle Allowable Loads, General
Loads for Arrangement Piping Bulk Material
Verification Specifications Piping Material
Mechanical Group

Equipment
Vendor
 Monitoring and Control

 Selection of Lines
 Preparation of Schedule
 Measurement of Progress