Mechanical Properties (CSFTH)

Cleavage, Specific Gravity, Fracture, Tenacity, Hardness, Other properties

Igneous Rocks: Tuff, Rhyolite, Diorite, Gabbro, Andesite (TRAGD)

Sedimentary Rocks: Limestone, Mudstone, Siltstone, Breccia,
Conglomerate, Shale (3stoneBCS)
Metamorphic Rocks: Slate, Marble, Gneiss, Quartzite (MSGQ)

Essential Minerals constituted of Granite Rock

Granite’s constituted major minerals are quartz, amphibole and feldspar.
Quartz is light colored, glassy, hard and transparent. Feldspar is light
colored and hard, in white, grey or pink. Amphibole is dark colored.

Crusts
Continental crust’s thickness is 35 to 40km, its rock density is 2.7g/cm3,
its common rock type is granite rock, granite is pink or grey depending on
the type of feldspar presents. Oceanic crust’s thickness is 7 to 10km, its
rock density is 3.0g/cm3, its common rock type is basalt or gabbro rock,
they are dark colored by composing mainly of plagioclase.

Crystallization Process
Content: RG>AD>GB>KP silicic>intermediate>mafic>ultramafic
Fast>slow

Sedimentary Rocks formation

Accumulation of loose sand and muddy detritus, derived from the
breakdown of older rocks and brought together. Mainly from the remains
of animals and plants. Sediments may also be formed by evaporation of
water and precipitation of the soluble minerals within it.

**Definitions of the Igneous Rocks, Sedimentary Rocks and

Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous rocks form from molten material (magma) that rises from the
Earth's interior.
Sedimentary rocks are type of rocks that are formed by accumulation or
deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of minerals or
organic particles on the floor of oceans or bodies of water at the Earth’s
surface.
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been transformed the rocks into
new types of rocks by the recrystallization of their mineral constituents.

Types of Metamorphism
Thermal and contact metamorphism, where rise of temperature is
dominant factor.
Dislocation or dynamic metamorphism, where stress is the principal
control and temperature is subordinate, as in zones affected by strong
shearing movements.
Regional metamorphism, temperature and pressure have operated over a
large (regional) area.

Divergent Convergent

Transform

Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis

Divergent - Two plates that pull away or separate from each other.
Magma wells up to fill the gap. Magma cools, adding material to each
plate to produce new crust.
Hot Spots
Hot spots arise from hot mantle plumes that are stationary through time
and buoyantly rise to through the crust.
Interior Structure of Earth