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–F#– .
CHRONOLOGY|
ANTIENT KING Do Ms

A M E N D E D.
To which is prefix’d,
A Sho RT CHR on 1 cle from the Firſt
Memory of Things in Europe, to the
Conqueſt of Perſia by Alexander the Great.

With Three P1. A T E s of the T E M P L E of

So Lo Mo N.

By sit Isaac Neºro N.

‘D ‘U B L I IV:
Printed by S. Pow E L 1,
For & 2 or or R is x, at Shakeſpear's-head,
G E o R G E E w 1 N G, at the Angel and Bible,
And W I L L 1 A M S M I T H, at the Hercules,
Bookſellers in Dame's-fireet, 1728.
"- +
 ---------- --- --

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- - -- -

: t
-
* ` - r
- 1*
*

Riº *. .* c ºr ;
- -

twº ºf N. ;
-

l*
 MADAM,
*S I could never hope to
É write any thing my ſelf,
§ worthy to be ſaid before
tº Your MAJESTY; I think
it avergreathappineſs, that it ſhould
be .ottouſhe r into the world, un
- - - -

der Your Sacred Name, the laſt work

of as great a Genius as any Age ever
produced : an Offering of ſuch value
in its ſelf, as to be in no danger of ſuf
fering from the meanneſs of the hand
that preſentsit, :

A : The
* * *
| iv -

The impartial and univerſal encou

fagement which Your MAJEsty has
always given to Arts and Sciences, en
titles You to the beſt returns the lear
ned world is able to make : And the
many extraordinary Honours Your
M A ; Esty vouchſafed the Author of
the following ſheets, give You a juſt
right to his Produćtions. Theſe, a
bove the reſt, lay the moſt particular
claim to Your Royal Protection; For
the Chronology had never appeared in
its preſent Form without Your M A JE
sty's Influence; and the Short Chromi
cle, which precedes it, is entirely ow
ing to the Commands with which You
were pleaſed to honour him, out of
your ſingular Care for the education
of the Royal Iſſue, and earneſt deſire
to form their minds betimes, and lead
them early into the knowledge of
Truth. - -

The Author has himſelf acquaint

ed the Publick, that the following
Treatiſe was the fruit of his vacant
hours, and the relief he ſomer meshad
f recourſe
 | V ||
recourſe to, when tired with his other
ſtudies. Whatan Idea does it raiſe of
His abilities, to find that a Work of
ſuch labour and learning, as would
have been a ſufficient employment and
glory for the whole life of another,
was to him diverſion only, and amuſe
ment! The Subject is in its nature in
capable of that demonſtration upon
which his other writings are founded,
but his uſual accuracy and judiciouſ
neſs are here no leſs obſervable; and at
the ſame time that he ſupports his ſug
geſtions, with all the authorities and
proofs that the whole compaſs of Sci
ence can furniſh, he offers them with
the greateſt caution ; and by a Mode
ſty, that was natural to Him and al
ways accompanies ſuch ſuperior ta
lents, ſets a becoming example too
thers, not to be too preſumptuous in
matters ſo remote and dark. Tho’
the Subject be only Chronology, yet, as
the mind of the Author abounded
with the moſt extenſive variety of
Knowledge, he frequently interſper
- A 3 ſcs
 [ vil
ſºs Obſervations of a different kind;
and occaſionally inſtills principles of
Virtue and Humanity, which ſeems to
have been always uppermoſt in his
heart, and, as they were the Conſtant
Rule of his actions, appear Remark
ably in all his writings.
Here Your MAJESTY will ſee A.
fronomy, and a juſt Obſervation on
the courſe of Nature, aſſiſting other
arts of Learning to illuſtrate Anti
quity; and a Penetration and Saga
city peculiar to the great Author, diſ
pelling that Miſt, with which Fable
and Error had darkened it; and will
with pleaſure contemplate the firſt
dawnings of Your favourite Arts and
Sciences, the nobleſtand moſt benefi
cial of which He alone carried farther
in a few years, than all the moſt Lear
ned who went before him, had been
able to doin many Ages. Heretoo,
MADAM, You will obſerve, that an
Abhorrence of Idolatry and Perſecu
tion (the very effence and foundation
of that Religion, which makes ſo
- - bright
 [ vii
bright a part of Your MAJESTY's
character) was one of the earlieſ. Laws
of the Divine Legiſlator, the Morality
of the firſt Ayes, and the primitive Re
Jigion of both jews and Chriſtians; and
as the Author adds, ought to be theſian
ding Religion of all Nations; it being for
the honour of God, and good of Mam
Aind. Nor will Your MAJESTY be
diſpleaſed to find his ſentiments ſo a
greeable to Your own, whilſt he con
demns alloppreſſion; and every kind
of cruelty, even to brute beaſis; and,
with ſo much warmth inculcates
Mercy, Charity, and the indiſpenſable
duty of doing good, and promoting the
general welfare of mankind. Thoſe
great ends, for which Government
was firſt inſtituted, and to which alone
it is adminiſtred in this happy Nation,
under a KING, who diſtinguiſhed
himſelfearly in oppoſition to the Ty
ranny which threatned Europe, and
chuſes to reign in the hearts of his ſub
jects; Who, by his innate Benevo
lence, and Paternal Affection to his
A 4 People,
 | viii )
People, eſtabliſhes and confirms alſ
their Liberties; and, by his Valour.
and Magnanimity guards and defends
them. -

That Sincerity and Openneſs of

mind, which is the darling quality of
this Nation, is become more conſpi
cuous, by being placed upon the
Throne; And we fee, with Pride, our
SO/EREIGN the moſt eminent for
a Virtue, by which our country is ſo
deſirous to be diſtinguiſhed. A Prince,
whoſeviews and heart are above all the
mean arts of Diſguiſe, is far cut of the
reach of any temptation to introduce
Blindneſs and Ignorance, And, as
His MA.j ES7) is, by his inceſſant
perſonal cares, diſpenſing Happineſs
at home, and Peace abroad; You,
MADAM, lead us on by Your great
ixampleto the moſt noble uſe of that
Quict and Eaſe, which we enjoy
under His Adminiſtration, whilſt all
Your Hours of leiſure are employed in
cultivating in Your Self That Learn
ing, which You ſo warmly patronize
1ſ,
 [ix 1
in Others. Your MAJESTY does not
think theinſtructive Purſuit, an enter
tainment below Your exalted Station,
and are your Self a proof, that the ab
ſtruſer parts of it are not beyond the
reach of your Sex. Nor does the Stu
dy end in barren ſpeculation; It diſco
vers it ſelf in a ſteady attachment to
true Religion; in Liberality, Benefi
cence, and all thoſe amiable Virtues
which increaſe and heighten the Feli
cities of a Throne, at the ſame time
that they bleſs All round it. Thus,
MADAM, to enjoy, together with
the higheſt ſtate of publick Splendor
and Dignity, all the retired Pleaſures
and domeſtick Bleſſings of private life;
is the perfection of human Wiſdom,
as well as Happineſs. - -

The good Effects of this Love of

knowledge, will not ſtop with the pre
ſent Age; It will diffuſe its Influence
with advantage to late Poſterity: And
what may we not anticipate in our
minds for the Generations to come
under a Royal Progeny, ſo deſcended,
ſo
 [x]
ſo educated, and formed by ſuch Pat
terns!
The glorious Proſpect gives usa
bundant reaſon to hope, that Liber
ty and Learning will be perpetuated
together; and that the bright Exam
ples of Virtue and Wiſdom, ſet in this
Reign by the Royal Patrons of Both,
will betranſmitted with the Scepter to
their Poſterity, till this and the other
Works of Sir ISAAC WE//7 O AV
fhall beforgot, and Time it ſelf be no
more: Which is the moſt ſincere and
ardent wiſh of, -

MADAM,
May it pleaſe your MAJE s ry,

YourMajesty's
moſt obedient
and moſt dutiful

ſubječt and ſervant,

JoHN CoNDUITT.
 T H E

C O N T E N T S.
Short Chroniclefrom the
firſt Memory of Things
in Europe, to the Con-? pag. 1
queſt of Perſia by Alexander
the Great. J

The Chronology of Ancient

Kingdoms amended.
Chap. I. Of the Chronolºgy of -

the Firſt Ages of the Greeks. 43

Chap. II. Ofthe Empire of Egypt. 187
Chap. III. Of the Aſſyrian
Empire. -
265
Chap. IV. Of the two Con-2
temporary Empires of º 295
Babylonians and Medes.
Chap. V. A Deſcription ºf}
the 7emple of Solomon. 333
Chap. VI. Of the Empire of
the Perſians. } 346

Adver- -

×
 Advertiſement.

H O' The Chronology of Antient

Kingdoms amended, was writ by the
Author many years ſince; yet he lately re
vis'd it, and was aétually preparing it for the
Preſs at the time of his death. But The
Short Chronicle was never intended to be
made public, and therefore was not ſo late
ly corrected by him. To this the Reader
muſt impute it, if he ſhall find any places
where The Short Chronicle does not ac
curately agree with the Dates aſſigned in
the larger Piece. The ſixth Chapter was
not copied out with the other Five, which
makes it doubtful whether he intended to
print it: but being found among his Papers,
and evidently appearing to be a Continuati
on of the ſame Work, and (as ſuch) abridg'd
in The Short Chronicle; it was thought
proper to be added.
 SUBSCRIBERS NAMES.
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The Hon. Capt. Robert Butler. Nicholas Dufay, T. C.
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 SUB SCRIBERS NAMES.
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Mr. Walton. *
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 A S H O RT
C H R O N I C L E
F R O M T H E

Firſt Memory of Things in

E U R O P E,
to r H E
Conqueſt of Perſia by Alex
- ander the Great.

The INT Rod U crlo N.

º:
*HE Greek Antiquities are full of
Poetical Fićtions, becauſe the
Greeks wrote nothing in Proſe,
before the Conqueſt of Aſia, by
, Cyrus the Perſian. Then Phé
recyder Scyrius and Cadmus Mileſius in
troduced the writing in Proſe. Pherecydes
B Athenienſ;
º The Introduction.
Athenienſ, about the end of the Reign of
7)arius Hyſtaſpir, wrote of Antiquities,
and digeſted his Work by Genealogies, and
was reckoned one of the beſt Genealogers.
Epimenides, the Hiſtorian, proceeded alſo
by Genealogies; and Hellanicus, who
was twelve years older than Herodotus,
digeſted hisłłiſtory, by the Ages or Succeſ
ſons of the Prieſteſſes of juno Argiva.
Others digeſted theirs, by the Kings of the
JLacedæmonians; or Archons of Athens.
Hippias, the Elean, about thirty years be
fore the fall of the Perſian Empire, publiſh
cd a Breviary, or Liſt of the Olympic Vic
tors; and about ten years before the fail
thereof, Ephorus, the Diſciple of Iſocrate,
formed a Chronological Hiſtory of Greece,
beginning with the return of the Heracli
def into Peloponneſis, and ending with the
Siege of Perimthus, in the twentieth year
of Philip, the Father of Alexander, the
Great : But he digeſted Things by Ge
nerations, and the Reckoning by Olympi
ads was not yet in uſe, nor doth it appear
that the Reigns of Kings were yet ſet down
by Numbers of Years. The Arundelian
Marbles were compoſed ſixty years after
the Death of Alexander the Great (Ait. 4.
Olymp. 128.) and yet mention not the O
lympiads: But in the next Olympiad, Ti
meus Siculus publiſhedan Hiſtory, in ſeve
rai Books down to his own Times, accord
ing to the Olympiads, comparing the Fº
- fi,
 The Introduction. 3.
-

fi, the Kings of Sparta, the Archons of

Athens, and the Prieſteſſes of Argoſ, with
the Olympic Vićtors, ſo as to make the
Olympiads, and the Genealogies and Suc
Čeſſions of Kings, Archons, and Prieſteſſes,
and poetical Hiſtories ſuit with one ano
ther, according to the beſt of his Judgment.
And where he ſoft off, Polybius began and
carried on the Hiſtory. . .. -

So then a little after the Death of Alex

ander the great, they began to ſet down the
Generations, Reigns and Succeſſions, in
numbers of years, and by putting Reigns
and Succeſſions equipolicit to Generations,
and three Generations to an hundred or an
hundred and twenty years, (as appears by
their Chronology) they have . the An
tiquities of Greece three or four hundred
years older than the truth. And this was
the Original of the Technical Chronology
of the Greeks. Eratoſheter wrote about
an hundred years after the Death of Alex
ander the great : He was followed by A.
pollodorus, and theſe two have been fol
Howed ever ſince by Chronologers.
But how uncertain their Chronology is,
and how doubtful it was reputed by the
Greeks of thoſe times, may be underſtood * In ºe
by theſe Paſſages of Plutarch. Some reck Lic of Ly
oft, ſaith he, * Lycurgus contemporary to curgus.
Iphitus, and to have been his Companion in
ordering the Olympic Feſtivals amongſ:
tºhom was Ariſtotſe the Philoſºpher, ar
B. 2. gºing
 4. The Introdućtion.
guing from the Oylmpic 7)iſc, which had
the Name of Lycurgus upon it. Otherr
ſupputing the Times by the Succeſſion of
the Kings of the Lacedaemonians, as Era
toſthenes and Apollodorus affirm, that he
was not a few years older than the firſt O
Aympiad. Firſt Ariſtotle and ſome others
made him as old as the firſt Olympiad; then
Eratofthemes, Apollodorus, and ſome o
thers made him above an hundred vears
* In the
Ż. ... us:
loa.
older;The
andcongreſs
in another place Plutarch "tells
of Solon with Croeſus,
ſome think they can confute by Chronology.
But an hiſtory ſo illuſtrious, and verified
&y ſo many witneſſes, and (which is more)
ſo agreeable to the mammers of Solon, and
ſo worthy of the % of his mind and
of his wiſdom, I cammot perſuade my ſelf
to rejeć becauſe of ſºme Chronological Ca
mons, as they call them; which hundreds
of althors correółing, have not yet been a
&le to conſtitute any thing certain, in
which they could agree among themſe/ves,
about repºgnancier. It ſeems the Chro
nologers had made the Legiſlature of Solon
too ancient to conſiſt with that Congreſs.
For reconciling ſuch repugnancies, Chro
nologers have ſometimes doubled the per
ſons of men. So when the Poets had chang
ed 10 the daughter of Imachus into the f_
gyptian Iſs, Chronologers made her hus
band Oſiri'ſ or Bacchus, and his miſtreſs A
riadne as old as Io, and ſo feign'd that there
- W. Crº
 The Introduction.
were two Ariadner, one the miſtreſs of
Bacchus and the other the miſtreſs of The
ſetts, and two Mimos's their fathers, and a
younger Io the daughter of jaſhr, writing
jaſar corruptly for Imachur. and ſo they
have made two Pandions, and two Erech
#hetts's, giving the name of Erechthonius
to the firſt ; Homer calls the firſt, Erech
theuſ : and by ſuch corruptions, they have
exceedingly perplexed Ancient Hiſtory.
And, as for the Chronology of the La
finer, that is ſtill more uncertain. Plu
tarch repreſents great uncertainties in the
ACriginals of Rome: and ſo doth Servius.
The old records of the Latimes were burnt
by the Gaulr, ſixty and four years before
the death of Alexander the Great; and
Quintus Fabius Pitfor, the oldeſt hiſto
rian of the Latimes, lived an hundred
ears later than that King.
In Sacred Hiſtory, the Aſſyrian Empire
began with Pul and Tiglathpilaſer, and
laſted about 170 years. And accordingly,
Herodotus hath made Semiramis only five
generations, or about 166 years older than
Nitocris, the mother of the late King of
Aabylon. But Cteſiar hath made Semira
mis 1.5oo years older than Nitacrif, and
feigned a long ſeries of Kings of Aſſyria,
whoſe names are not Aſſyrian, nor have
any affinity with the Aſſyrian names in
Scripture.
- B 3+ … Th;
ºf
The Introduction,
The Prieſts of Egypt told Herodotus,
that Memes built Memphis, and he ſump
tuous Temple of Pulcan, in that City :
and that Rhampſhitur, Maris, Aſychir
and Pſammiticus added magnificent por
ticos to that temple, And it is not likely
that Memphiſ could be famous, before
Homer's days, who doth not mention it, or
that a temple could be above two or three
hundred years in building. The Reign of
“Pſammliticits began about 655 years be
fore Chriſt, and I place the founding of this
temple by Menes, about 2.57 years earlier:
but the Prieſts of Egypt had ſo magnified
their Antiquities before the days of Hero
dot us, as to tell him that from Memer to
Meri (who reigned 200 years before
‘P/ºmmiticus) there were 330 Kings,
whoſe reigns took up as many Ages, that
is eleven thouſand years, and had filled
up the interval with feigned Kings, who
had done nothing. And before the days
of Diodori, Sicillus they had raiſed their
Antiquities formuch higher, as to place ſix,
eight, or ten new reigns of Kings between
thoſe Kings, whom they had repreſented
to Herodºfºlº, to ſicceed one another im
mediately. . . . . . . .

In the Kingdom of Sicyon, Chronolo

gers have ſplit 4/ºr Epaphus or Epopeus
into two Kings, whom they call Apis and
Jºopeº, and between them, have in
ſerical eleven or twelve feigned names of
 The Introduction. 7.
Rings who did nothing, and thereby, they
have made its Founder Ægialettº, three
hundred years older than his brother Pho
romeus. Some have made the Kings of
Germany as old as the Flood: and yet
before the uſe of letters, the names and
aćtions of men could ſcarce be remembred
above eighty or an hundred years after
their deaths ; and therefore I admit no
Chronology of things done in Europe, a
bove eighty years before Cadmuſ brought
letters into Europe; none, of things done
in Germany, before the riſe of the Aomait
Empire. -

ow ſince Eratofthemes and Apollodº

rus computed the times by the reigns of
the Kings of Sparta, and (as appears by
their Chronology ſtill followed) have made
the ſeventeen reigns of theſe Kings in
both Races, between the Return of the
Heraclides, into Peloponneſus and the
Battle of Thermopyle, take up 61.2 years,
which is after the rate of 36 years to a
Reign, and ycta Race of ſeventeen Kings
of that length, is no where to be met with
in all true Hiſtory, and Kings at a mode
rate reckoning reign but 18 or 20 years
a-piece one with another: I have ſtated the
time of the return of the Heraclider by
the laſt way of reckoning, placing it about
340 years before the Battel of Thermoſſy
Jr. And making the Taking of 77 ov
eighty years older than that Return,
- - - B 4 accord
 The Introduction.
according to Thucydides, and the Argo
7:autic Expedition, a Generation older than
the Trojan War, and the Wars of Seſaffriº
in Thrace, and Death of Imo the daughter
of Cadmur, a Generation older than that
Expedition: I have drawn up the follow
ing Chronological Table, ſo as to make
Chronology ſuit with the Courſe of Na
ture, with Aſtronomy, with ſacred Hiſto
ry, with Herodotus the Father of Hiſto
ry, and with it ſelf; without the º
repugnancies complained of by Plutarch.
I do not pretend to be exact to a year:
there may be Errors of five or ten years,
and ſometimes twenty, and not much a
bove.

* ºr
* ** * ** *
****

A SHORT
 A S H O R. T.

C H R O N I C L E
F R oM T H E
Firſt Memory of things in Eu
rope, to the Conqueſt of Per
ſia by Alexander the Great.
The Timer are ſet down in years before
- Chriſt.

T H E Canaaniter who fled from jo

ſhua, retired in great numbers into
Egypt, and there conquer'd Timaus, Tha
mur, or Thammuz King of the lower E
gypt, and reigned there under their Kings
&alatis, Baeon, Apachmar, Apophis, ja
mias, Aſir, &c. until the days of El:
and Samuel. They fed on fleſh, and ſacri
ficed men after the manner of Phæmicians,
and were call'd Shepherds by the Egyp
tians, who lived ... on the fruits of the
earth, and abominated fleſh-eaters. The
upper parts of Egypt, were in thoſe days
under many Kings, Reigning at Thebes,
• -
Cºptos,
-
HG A short CHR o N1 c L E.
Theber, This, Elephantir, and other
Places, which by conquering one another
grew by degrees into one Kingdom, over
which Miſphragmuthoff's reigned in the
days of Eli. -

In the year before Chriſt 112.5 Åſephres

reigned over the upper Egypt from
Syene to Heliopolis, and his Succeſſor
Aſiſphragmuthaſºr made a laſting war upon
the Shepherds ſoon after, and cauſed many
of them to fly into Paleſtine, Idumaa,
Syria, and Libya; and under Lelex, Æ
zetts, Inachus, Pelaſgur, Æolus the
firſt, Cecrops, and other Captains, into
Greece. Before thoſe days Greece and
all Europe was peopled by wandring Cim
merians, and Scythians from the backſide
of the Euxine Sea, who lived a rambling
wildfort of Life, like the Tartars in the
northern parts of Aſia. Of their Race was
Ogyges, in whoſe days theſe Egyptian
ſtrångers came into Greece. The reſt of
the Shepherds were ſhut up by Miſphrag
º in a part of the lower Egypt,
cali’d A&aris or Peluſium.
In the year 11oo, the Philiſims.
ſtrengthned by the acceſs of the Shepherds,
conquer Iſrael, and take the Ark. Samuel
judges Iſrae/. - --

fo85. Hemon the ſon of Pelaſgut

reigns in 7 he/aſy.
ro86, Lycaon the ſon of Pelaſgus
builds Lycoſºra ; Phoroneur the ſon of
- - Inachus,
 A short C H Ro Nic LE. If
jmachus, Phoronicum, afterwards called
Argos; Ægialeus the brother of Phorone.
us and ſon of Inachus, AEgialeum, after
wards called Sicyon ; and theſe were the
oldeſt towns in Peloponneſus. 'Till then
they built only fingle houſes ſcattered up
and down in the fields. About the ſame
time Cecrops built Cecropia in Attica, af.
terwards call’d Athen r: and Eleuſne, the
ſon of Ogyges, built Eleuſis. And theſe
towns gave a beginning to the Kingdoms
of the Arcadians, Argives, Sicyons, A
thenians, Eleuſinians, &c. Deucalion
flouriſhes. -

1070. Amoſº, or Tethmoſ, the ſucceſſor

of Miſphragmuthaſis, aboliſhes the Pha
mician cuſton in Heliopoliſ, of ſacrificing
men, and drives the Shepherds out of A
baris. By their acceſs the Philiſtims be
come ſo numerous, as to bring into the
field againſt Saul, 3oooo chariots, 6092
horſemen, and people as the ſand of the
ſea ſhore for ... Abar, the father
of Acriſius and Pratur, comes from E
gypt.
1969. Saul is made King of Iſrael,
and by the hand of Żonathai, gets a great
victory over the Philiſtims. Eurotar
the ſon of Lelex, and Lacedæmon, who
married Sparta the Daughter of Eurotar,
Reign in Laconia, and build Sparta,
1962. Samuel dies.
1959. David made King,
- - IoA8. The
12 A short C H R ON 1 C L E
Io.48. The Edomites are conquer'd and
diſperſed by 7)avid, and ſome of them fly
into Egypt with their young King Hadad.
others fly to the Perſian Gulf, with their
Commander Oammes ; and others from
the Red Sea to the Coaſt of the Mediterr
ranean, and fortify Azoth againſt David.
and take Zidon ; and the Zidonians whº
fled from them, build 73re and Aradur,
and make Abibalus King of Tyre. Theſe
Edomites, carry to all places, their Arts
and Sciences; amongſt which were their
Navigation, Aſtronomy, and Letters, for
in Idumea they had Conſtellations and
Letters before the days of job, who men
tions them: and there, Moſes learnt to
write the Law in a book. Theſe Edomites
who fled to the Mediterranean, tranſla
ting the word Erythraea into that of Phae
micia, give the name of Phaemicians to
themſelves, and that of Phaemicia to all
the Sea-coaſts of Paleſtime from Azoth
to Zidom. And hence came the tradition
of the Perſians, and of the Phaemicians
themſelves, mentioned by Herodotus, that
the Pharmicians came originally from the
Red Sea, and preſently undertook long
voyages on the Mº.
yoA2. Acriſſuſ marries Eurydice, the
daughter of Lacedæmon and Sparta. The
‘Phanicial mariners, who fled from the
Red Sea, being uſed to long voyages, for
the ſake of traffic, begin the like voyages
CI]
 -

A short CHR on 1 c 1 E. I3 -

ôn the Mediterranean from Zidon ; and

ſailing as far as Greece, carry away Io the
daughter of Inachus, who with other Gre
cian women came to their ſhips to buy their
merchandiſe. The Greek Seas begin to
be infeſted with Pyrates.
1046. The Syrians of Zobah and 7)a-
maſcus are conquer'd by David. Ny&#-
mus, the Son of Lycaon, reigns in Arca
dia. ‘Deucalion ſtill alive.
1045. Many of the Phaemicians and Sy
rianſ fleeing from Zidon and from ‘David,
come under the conduct of Cadmus, Cilix,
‘Phaenix, Membliarius, Nyéfeur, Tha
fºs, Atymnus, and other Captains, into
Aſia minor, Crete, Greece, and Libya;
and introduce Letters, Muſic, Poetry, the
Oğaeteris, Metals and their Fabrication,
and other Arts, Sciences and Cuſtoms of
the Phaemicians. At this time, Cranaus
the ſucceſſor of Cecrops reigned in Atti
ca, and in his reign and the beginning of
the reign of Nº simus, the Greeks place
the flood of ‘Deucalion. This flood was
ſucceeded by four Ages or Generations of
men, in the firſt of which, Chirom the ſon of
Saturn and Phyliria was born, and the
laſt of which, according to Hºſſad, ended
with the Trojan War; and ſo places the
Deſtruction of Troy four Generations or a
bout 146 years later than that flood, and
the coming of Cadmus, reckoning with the
2ncients three Generations to an hundred
years.
 -
-

14 A short C H R O Nic LE:

}. With theſe Phaemicians, came a
ort of men skill'd in the Religious Myſte
rics, Arts, and sciences of Phemicia, and
ſettled in ſeveral places under the names of
Cureter, Corybantes, Telchines, and Ide:
‘Dačíyli. s * - - • * - - . - "*

1643. Hellen, the ſon of Teucalion,

and father of Æolus, Xuthus, and Dorus,
flouriſhes. , * .

1035. Erečtheus reigns in Attica.

AEth/iur, the grandſon of Beucalion and
father of Endymion, builds Eliš. The I
dei ?)ačíyli find out Iron in mount Ida in
Crete, and work it into armour and iron
tools, and thereby give a beginning to the
trades of ſmiths and armourers in Europe;
and by ſinging and dancing in their armour,
and keeping time, by ſtriking upon one a
nother's armour with their ſwords, they
bring in Muſick and Poetry; and at the
ſame time they nurſe up the Cretan jupi
ter in a cave of the ſame mountain, dancing
about him in their armour. . .
1034. Ammon reigns in Egypt. He
conquered Libya, . reduced that people
from a wandering ſavage life to a º one,
and taught them to lay up the fruits of the
earth; and from him Libya and the deſert
above it were anciently called Ammonia.
He was the firſt that built long and tall
ſhips with ſails, and had a flect of ſuch ſhips
6n the Red Sea, and another on the Medi
terranean at Iraſt in Libya,
-- a
Till they
then
 A short CHR on 1 c L E. IS
they uſed ſmall and round veſſels ofburden,
invented on the Red Sea, and kept within
fight of the ſhore. For enabling them to
croſs the ſeas without ſeeing the ſhore, the
Egyptians began in his days to obſerve the
Stars; and from this beginning, Aſtronomy
and Sailing had their riſe. Hitherto the
Luniſolar year had been in uſe: , but this
year being of an uncertain length, and ſo,
unfit for Aſtronomy, in his days and in the
days of his ſons and grandſons, by obſerv
ing the Heliacal Riſings and Setting of the
Stars, they found the length of the Solar
year, and made it conſiſt of five days more
than the twelve calendar months of the old
Luniſolar year. Creuſa the daughter of
Frechtheus marries Xuthus the ſon of
Hellen. Erectheus having firſt celebrat
cd the Pamathemata joins horſes to a cha
riot. Agina, the daughter of Aſºpus,
and mother of Æacus, born.
103.o. Ceres a woman of Sicily, in ſeek
ing her daughter who was ſtolen, comes in
to Attica, and there teaches the Greeks
to ſow corn ; for which Benefaction, ſhe
was Deified after her death. She firſt taught
the Art to Triptolemur the young ſon of
Celeus King of Eleuſ r. .

1018. Oenotrus the youngeſt ſon of Ly

caon, the janus of the Latimes, led the firſt
Colony of Greeks into Italy, and there
taught them to build houſes. Perſºlºr
born.
1920. Artés
16 A short CHR o N1c1 c.
rozo. Arcas, the ſon of Calliſo, and
grandſon of Lycaon, and Eumelus the firſt
King of Achaia, receive bread-corn from
Triptolemus.
ro19. Solomon reigns, and marries the
daughter of Ammon, and by means of this
affinity is ſupplied with horſes from Egypt;
and his merchants alſo bring horſes from
thence for all the Kings of the Hittites and
Syrians : for horſes came originally from
Libya; and thence Neptume was called
Equeſtris. Tantalur King of Phrygia.
ſteals Ganimede the ſon of Tros King of
Troar. -

1917. Solomon by the aſſiſtance of the

Tyrian r and Aradians, who had mariners
among them acquainted with the Red Sea,
ſets out a fleet upon that ſea. Thoſe aſſiſ.
tants build new cities in the ‘Perſian
Gulph, called Tyre and Aradus.
ro15. The Temple of Solomon is foun
ded. Mimos reigns in Crete, º his
father Aſterius, who flees into taly, and
becomes the Saturn of the Latimes. Am
mon takes Gezer from the Canaanites,
and gives it to his daughter, Solomon's
wife.
1014. Ammon places Cepheus at joppa.
1oro. Seſac in the Reign of hisfather
Ammon invades Arabia Falix, and ſets up
pillars at the mouth of the Red Sea. Apis,
'Epaphur or Epopeus, the ſon of Phroro
ºieſis, and Nyéſeas King of Bæotia, ſlain.
Lycus.
 A short C H R on 1 c L E. 17
lycus inherits the Kingdom of his brother
Myéfeur. AEtolus the ſon of Endymion
flies into the Country of the Curetes in
Achaia, and calls it Ætolia; and of Pro
moe the daughter of Phorbar begets Pleu
rom and É. who built cities in AEto
Zia called by their own names. Antiopa
the daughter of Nyéfeur is ſent home to
Aycus § Lamedon the ſucceſſor of Apis,
and in the way brings forth Amphion and
2ethur.
1008. Seſac, in the Reign of his father
Ammon, invades Afric and Spain, and
ſets up pillars in all his Conqueſts, and par
ticularly at the mouth of the Mediterra
mean, and returns home by the coaſt of
Gaul and Italy. -

1007. Ceres being dead, Eumolpur in

ſtitutes her Myſteries in Eleuſine. The
Myſteries of Rhea are inſtituted in Phry
gia, in the city Cybele. About this time
Temples begin to be built in Greece. Hy
agni; the Phrygian invents the pipe. Af.
ter the example of the common-council of
the five Lords of the Philiſtims, the Greeks
ſet up the Amphitºyonic Council, firſt at
Thermopyle, by the influence of Amphic
tyon the ſon of Teucalion ; and a few
years after at Pelphi by the influence of 4
criſius. Among the cities, whoſe deputies
met at Thermopyle, I do not find Athens,
and therefore doubt whether Amphiéiyon
was King of that ‘g. If he was the *
O
I8 A short C H R ON I cle
of ‘Deucalion and brother of Hellen, he
and Cranaus might reign together in ſeve
ral parts of Attica. But I meet with a later
Amphiéâyon who entertained the great
Bacchus. This Council worſhipped Ceres,
and ºtherefore was inſtituted after her
death.
1006. Minor prepares a fleet, clears
the Greek ſeas of Pyrates, and ſends Co
lonies to the Iſlands of the Greeks, ſcºme
of which were not inhabited before. Cº
crops II. reigns in Attica. Caucon teaches
the Myſteries of Ceres in Meſſene.
Ioos. Andromeda carried away from
joppa by Perſeus. Pandion jº
of Cecrops H. reigns in Attica. Car, the
ſon of Phoroneus, builds a Temple to
Cerer. -

1ooz. Seſic reigns in Egypt and a

dorns Thebes, dedicating it to his father
Ammon by the name of No-Ammon or
Ammon-N o, that is the people or city of
Ammon : whence the Greeks called it
‘Dioſpolis, the City of jupiter. Seſac
alſo erected Temples and Oracles to his fa
ther in Theber, Ammonia, and Ethiopia,
and thereby cauſed his father to be wor
ſhipped as a God in thoſe countries, and I
think alſo in Arabia Falix : and this was
the original of the worſhip of jupiter Am
mon, and the firſt mention of Oracles
that I meet with in Prophane Hiſtory.
 ~

24 short CHR on 1 c L E. 19
. war between ‘Pandion and Labdacus the
grandſon of Cadmus.
994. Afgeur reigns in Attica.
993. ‘Pelops the ſon of Tamtalur comes
into Peloponneſus, marries Hippodamia
the grand-daughter of Acriſius, . AE
tolia from AEtolus the ſon of Endymion,
and by his riches grows potent.
996. Amphion and Zethus ſlay Lycur,
put Laius the ſon of Labdacus to flight
and reign in Thebes, and wall the city
about. . . - - .*

989. Tadalus and his nephew Talus.

invent the ſaw, the turning-lath, the
wimble, the chip-ax, and other inſtruments
of sº and Joyners, and thereby
ive a beginning to thoſe Arts in Europe.
§º alſo invented the making of Sta
tues with their feet aſunder, as if they
walked. . . .
988. Minof makes war upon the Athe
mians, for killing his ſon Androgeur. 4.-
acus flouriſhes. - ... •

987. Daedalus kills his nephew Talus.

and flies to Minor. A Prieſteſs of Jupiter
Ammon, being brought by Phelicial
merchants into Greece, ſets up the Oracle
of jupiter at Dodoma. This gives a be-,
ginning to Oracles in Greece; and by their
š. the Worſhip of the Dead is every
where introduced.

C 2. 983,
2O A short C H Ro N1 c L E.
983. Siſyphus, the ſon of Æolus and
grandſon of Hellen, reigns in Corinth;
and ſome ſay that he built that City.
98o Laius recovers the Kingdom of
Thebes. Athamas, the brother of Siſyphur
and father of Phryxus and Helle, marries
Ino the daughter of Cadmus.
979. Rehoboam reigns. Thoas is ſent
from Crete to Lemnºs, reigns there in the
city Hephæſtia, and works in copper and
trC)11.

978. Alcmena, born of Elečfryo,the ſon

of Perſeus and Andromeda, and of Lyſº
dice the daughter of Pelops. . . .
974. sº ſpoils the Temple, and in
vades Syria and Perſia, ſetting up pillars
in many places. jeroboam, becoming
ſubject to Seſac, ſets up the worſhip of
the Egyptian Gods in %.
971. Seſac invades India, and returns
with triumph the next }*. but one:
whence Trieterica Bacchi. He ſets up
pillars on two mountains at the mouth of
the river Ganger. - - - -

968. Theſeus reigns, having overcome

the Minotaur; and ſoon after unites the
twelves cities of Attica under one govern
ment. Seſac, having carried on his vićto
ries to Mount Caucaſus, leaves his nephew
‘Prometheus there, and Æetes in Colchiºr.
967. Seſac, paſſing over the Helleſpont,
conquers Thrace, kills Lycurgur King
thereof, and gives his Kingdom and one of
his
 A short CHR on 1 c L E. 2I

his ſinging-women to Oeagrus, the father

of Orpheus. Seſac had in §. army Ethio
pians commanded by Pan, and Libyan
women commanded by Myrina, or Miner
va. It was the Cuſtom of the Ethiopians
to dance when they were entering into
a battel, and from their skipping they
were painted with goats feet, in the form
of Satyrs. -

966. Thoas, being made King of Cyprus

by Seſac, goes thither with his wife Caly
copir, and leaves his daughter Hypſºpyle
in Lemnor. -

965. Seſac is baffled by the Greeks and

&cythians, loſes many of his women, with
their Queen Minerva, compoſes the war,
is received by Amphiéiyon at a feaſt, buries
Ariadne, goes back through Aſia and Sy
ria into Egypt, with innumerable captives,
among whom was Tithonur, the ſon of La
omedon, King of Troy; and leaves his Li
byan Amazons, under Martheſia and
Lampeto, the ſucceſſors of Minerva, at
the river Thermodom. He left alſo in Col
chor Geographical Tables of all his con
queſts; and thence Geography had its riſe.
His ſinging-women were celebrated in
Thrace by the name of the Muſes. And
the daughters of Pierus a Thracian, imi
taring them, were celebrated by the ſame
113111C.

964. Minos, making war upon Cocalur,

King of Sicily, is ſlain by him. He was
C 3 eminent
22 A short C H R O N1 c L E.
eminent for his Dominion, his Laws and
his Juſtice: upon his ſepulchre viſited
by Pythagoras, , was this inſcription,
Tor aloc, the ſepulchre of Jupiter. Tamaus
with his daughters flying from his bro
ther Egyptus (that is from º COInCS

into Greece. Seſac uſing the advice of

his Secretary Thoth, diſtributes Egypt in
to xxxvi Nomes, and in every Nome erects
a Temple, and appoints the ſeveral Gods,
Feſtivals and Religions of the ſeveral
Nomes. The Temples were the ſepulchres
of his great men, where they were to be
buried and worſhipped after death, eachin
his own Temple, with ceremonies and fe
ſtivals appointed by him; while He and his
Queen, by the names of Oſiris and Iſr,
were to be worſhipped in all Egypt. Theſe
were the Temples ſeen and deſcribed by
Lucian eleven hundred years after, to be
of one and the ſame Age: and this was
the original of the ſeveraſ Nomes of Egypt,
and of the ſeveral Gods and ſeveral Religi
ons of thoſe Nomer. Seſac divided alſo
‘the land of Egypt by meaſure amongſt his
ſoldiers, and thence Geometry had its riſe.
Hercules and Euryſtheus born.
963. Amphitºyon brings the twelve
Góds of Egypt into Greece, and theſe are
the ‘Dil pagni majorum gentium, to whom
the Earth and Planets and Elements are
dedicated. -

* . .. . " 962. Phryxas

 A short C H R ON 1 c L E. 23
962. Phryxus and Helle fly from their
ſtep-mother Imo the daughter of Cadmus.
Helle is drowned in the Helleſpont, ſo
named from her, but Phryxus arrives
at Colchor.
960. The war between the Lapithe and
the people of Theffaly called Centaurs.
958. Oedipus kills his father Laiur.
Sthenelus the ſon of Perſeus reigns in
Mycenae.
956. Seſac is ſlain by his brother jape
tar, who after death was deified in Afric
} the name of Neptune, and called Ty
phon by the Egyptians. Orus reigns and
routs the Libyans, who under the condućt
of japetus, and his ſon Antaeus or Atlas,
invaded Egypt. Seſac from his making the
river Nile uſeful, by cutting channels from
it to all the cities of Egypt, was called b
its names, Sihor or Sirir, Nilus and }
gyptus. The Greeks, hearing the Egypti
ams lament, O Sirir and Bou Sirir, called
himOſiris and Buſirir. The Arabians from
his great acts called him Bacchus,that is, the
Great. The Phrygians called him Ma-fors
or Mavors, the valiant, and by contračti
on Mars. Becauſe he ſet up pillars in all his
conqueſts, and his army in his father's Reign
fought againſt the Africanſ with clubs, he
is painted with Pillars and a club : and this
is that Hercules who according to Cicero,
was born upon the Nile; and according to
Eudoxus, was ſlain by Typhon ; and ac
- C 4 cording
24 A short C H Ro N1 c L E,
cordingto:Diodorus, was an Egyptian, and
went over a great part of the world, and ſet
up the pillars in Afric. He ſeems to be alſo
the Belus,who, according to Diodorus, led
a Colony of Egyptians to Babylon, and
there inſtituted Prieſts called Chaldeans,
who where free from taxes, and obſerved
the ſtars, as in Egypt. Hitherto judah
and Iſrael laboured under great vexations;
but henceforward Aſa, King of judah, had
peace ten years.
947. The Ethiopians invade Egypt,
and drown Orus in the Nile. Thereupon
Bubaſte, the ſiſter of Orur, kills herſelf, by
falling from the top of an Houſe, and their
mother Iſs, or Aſſraea goes mad: and thus,
ei ded the Reign of the Gods of Egypt.
946. Zerah the Ethiopian is over
thrown by Aſa. The People of the lower
Fgypt make Oſarſphus their King, and
cai in two hundred thouſand jews and
‘Pharmicians againſt the Ethiopians. Me
mes or Amenophis, the young ſon of Ze
rah and Ciſia, reigns.
944. The Ethiopians, under Ameno
phis, retire from the lower Egypt, and for
tify Memphis againſt Oſarſphur. And
by theſe wars and the Argonautic expe
dition, the great Empire of Egypt breaks
in pieces. Euryſheus, the ſon of Sthene
Auf, reigns in Mycenae. -

943. Evander, and his mother Carmen

ta carry Letters into Italy.
- 942. Or
 A short C H R on 1 c L E. 25
942. Orpheus deifies theſon of Semele,
by the name of Bacchus; and appoints his
Ceremonies.
940. The great men of Greece, hear
ing of the civil wars and diſtractions of E
gypt, reſolve to ſend an embaſſy to the na
tions upon the Euxine and Mediterranean
Seas, ſubječt to that Empire; and for that
end order the building of the ſhip Argo.
939. The ſhip Argo is built after the
pattern of the longſhip in which Danaur
came into Greece; and this was the firſt
longſhipbuilt by the Greeks. Chiron, who
was born in the Golden Age, forms, the
Conſtellations for the uſe of the Argo
nauts ; and places the Solſtitial and Equi
noćtial Points in the fifteenth degrees or
middles of the Conſtellations of Cancer,
Chele, Capricorn, and Aries. Meton, in
the year of Nabonaffar 316, obſerved the
Summer Solſtice in the eighth degree of
Cancer, and therefore the Solſtice had then
gone back ſeven degrees. It goes back one
degree in about ſeventy two years, and
ſeven degrees in about 504 years. Count
theſe years back from the year of Nabo
naffar 316, and they will place the Ar
gonautic expedition about 936 years be
fore Chrift. Gingris, the ſon of Thoas,
ſlain, and deified by the name of Adonir.
938. Theſeus, being fifty years old,
ſteals Helena, then ſeven years old. ‘Piri
thouf, the ſon of Ixion, endeavouring to
ſteal
* 6 A short C H R O N I cl E.
ſteal Perſephone the daughter of Orcus
King of the Moloſaur, is ſlain by the Dog
of Orcus; and his companion Theſeus is ta
ken and impriſoned. }. is ſet at liberty
by her brothers.
937. The Argonautic expedition. Pro
netheus leaves Mount Caucaſus, being ſet
at liberty by Hercules. Laomedon King
of Troy is ſlain by Hercules. Priam ſuc
ceeds him. Talus a brazen man, of the bra
zen Age, the ſon of Minor, is ſlain by the
Argonauts. AEſtulapius and Hercules
were Argonauts, and Hippocrates was the
eighteenth from Æſculapius by the fa
ther's ſide, and the nineteenth from Her
cules by the mother's ſide; and becauſe
theſe generations, being noted in hiſtory,
were moſt probably by the chief of the fa
mily, sºfor the moſt part by the eldeſt
ſons; we may reckon 28 or at the moſt 30
years to a generation: and thus the ſeven
teen intervals by the father's ſide and eigh
teen by the mother's, will at a middle
reckoning amount unto about 507 years;
which being counted backwards fom the
beginning of the Peloponneſan war, at
which time Hippocrater began to flouriſh,
will reach up to the time where we have
placed the Argonautic expedition.
936. Theſeus is ſet at liberty by Her
cules. - -

934. The hunting of the Calydonian

boar ſlain by Meleager.
- 93o. Amé
 A short C H R ON I cl E. 27
930. Amenophis, with an army of E
fhiopia and Thebais invades the lower E
gypt, conquers Oſarſphur, and drives out
the jews and Canaamites : and this is rec
koned the ſecond expulſion of the Shep
herds. Calycopis dies, and is deified by
Thoas with Temples at Paphor and Ama
thus in Cyprus, and at Byblur in Syria, and
with Prieſts and ſacred Rites, and becomes
the Venus of the ancients, and the ‘Dea
Cypria and ‘Dea Syria. And from theſe
and other places where Temples were e
rečted to her, ſhe was alſo called ‘Paphia,
Amathuſia, Byblia, Cytherea, Salaminia,
Cnidia, Erycina, Idalia, &c, and her
three waiting-women became the three
Graces.
928. The war of the ſeven Captains a
gainſt Thebes.
927. Hercules and Æſculapius are dei
fied. Euryſtheus drives the Heraclider
out of Peloponneſus. He is ſlain by Hyl
/us, the ſon of Hercules. Atreus the ſon
of Pelops ſucceeds him in the Kingdom of
Mycenae. Meneſtheus, the great grandſon
of Erechtheus, reigns at Athens.
925. Theſeus is ſlain, being caſt down
from a rock. -

924. Hyllus invading Peloponneſus is

ſlain by Echemus.
919. Atreus dies. Agamemnon reigns.
In the abſence of Menelaus, who went to
- - - - look
28 A short CHR on 1 c L E.
łook after what his father Atreus had left
to him, ‘Paris ſteals Helena. -

918. The ſecond war againſt Thebes.

912. Thoas, King of Cyprus and part of
‘Phaenicia, dies; and for making armour for
the Kings of Egypt, is deified with a
ſumptuous Temple at Memphis, by the
name of Baal Canaan, Vulcan. This
Temple was ſaid to be built by Menes,
the firſt King of Egypt, who reigned
next after the Gods, that is, by Menoph,
or Amenophis who reigned next after
the death of Oſiris, Iſºr, Orur, Bubaſte
and Thoth. The city Memphis was alſo
ſaid to be built by Mener; he began to build
É hur;
it when he fortified it againſt
and from him it was ...; oph,
Noph, &c. and is to this day called Me
muf by the Arabians. And therefore Me
ner, who built the city and temple was Me
noph, or Amenophis. The Prieſts of E
gypt at length made this temple above a
thouſand years older than Amenophis, and
ſome of them five or ten thouſand years
older: but it could not be above two or
three hundred years older than the Reign
of Pſammiticus who finiſhed it, and died
614 years before Chriſt. When Menoph or
Menes built the city, he built a bridge
there over the Nile: a work too great
to be older than the Monarchy of Egypt.
909. Amenophir, called Memnon by the
Greeks, built the Memnonia at Suſa,
whilſt
 A short C H R ON I cl E. 29
whilſt Egypt was under the government of
2roteus his Viceroy.
904, Troy taken. Amenophis was ſtill
at Suſa, the Greeks feigning that he came
from thence to the Trojan war.
903. Zemophoon, the ſon of Theſeur
by Phaedra the daughter of Minor, reigns
at Athens.
901. Amenophis builds ſmall Pyramids
in Cochome.
896. ‘Ulyſſes leaves Calypſº in the Iſland
º: (perhaps Cadis or Caler.) She was
the daughter of Atlas, according to Homer.
The ancients at length feigned that this
Iſland, (which from Atlas they called
Atlantis) had been as big as all Europe,
Africa and Aſia, but was ſunk into the Sea.
895. Teucer builds Salamis in Cyprus.
Hadador Benhadad King of Syria dies,
and is deified at Damaſcar with a Temple
and Ceremonies.
887. Amenophis dies, and is ſucceeded
by his ſon Rameſes or Rhampſºnitus, who
builds the weſtern Portico of the Temple
of Vulcan. The Egyptians dedicated to
Oſiris, Iſr, Orus ſenior, Typhon, and
Nephthe the ſiſter and wife of Typhon, the
five days added by the Egyptians to the
twelve Calender months of the old Luni
ſolar year, and ſaid that they were added
when theſe five Princes were born. They
were therefore added in the Reign of Am
*mon the father of theſe five Princes: but
this
 -

3ö. A short C H R o N 1 c L E:
this year was ſcarce brought into common
uſe before the Reign of Amenophis : for in
his Temple or Sepulchre at Abydus, they
placed a Circle of 365 cubits in compaſs,
covered on the upper ſide with a plate of
gold, and j 365 equal parts, to
repreſent all the days of the year; every
part having the day of the year, and the
Heliacal Riſings and Settings of the Stars
on that day, noted upon it. And this Cir
cle remained there 'till Cambyſes ſpoiled
the temples of Egypt; and from this monu
ment I collect that it was Amenophis who
eſtabliſhed this year, fixing the beginning
thereof to one of the four Cardinal Points
of the Heavens. For had not the beginning
thereof been now fixed,the HeliacalRiſings,
and Settings of the Stars could not have
been noted upon the days thereof. The
Prieſts of Egypt therefore in the Reign of
Amenophis continued to obſerve the Heli
acal Riſings and Settings of the Stars upon
every day. And when by the Sun's Meri
dional Altitudes they had found the Solſti
ces and Equinoxes according to the Sun's
mean motion, his Equation being not yet
known, they fixed the beginning of this
year to the Vernal Equinox, and in me
mory thereoferedted this monument. Now
this year being carried into Chaldea, the
C.}.}. began their year of Nabonaffar
on the ſame Thoth with the Egyptians,
and made it of the ſame length. TAnd the
Thoth'
-
 A short CHR on 1 c L É. 3f
Thoth of the firſt year of Nabonaffar fell
upon the 26th day of February: which
was 33 days and five hours before the
Vernal Equinox, according to the Sun's
mean motion. And the Thoth of this year
moves backwards 33 days and five hours in
137 years, and therefore fell upon the Ver
nal Equinox 137 years before the AEra of
Nabonaffar began; that is, 884 years be
fore Chriſt. And if it began upon the day
next after the Vernal Equinox, it might
begin three or four years earlier; and there
we may place the death of this King.
The Greeks feigned that he was the ſon
of Tithonus, and therefore he was born
after the return of Seſac into Egypt, with
Tithonus and other captives, and ſo might
be about 70 or 75 years old at his death.
883. ‘Dido builds Carthage, and the
‘Phemicians begin preſently after to ſailas
far as to the Straights Mouth, and beyond.
AEmear was ſtill alive according to Pirgil.
870. Heſiod flouriſhes. He i. told us
himſelf that he lived in the age next after
the wars of Thebes and Troy, and that
this age ſhould end when the Men then liv
ing grew hoary, and dropt into the
grave; and therefore it was but of an or
dinary length; and Herodotus has told
us that Heſiod and Homer were but 4oo
years older than himſelf. Whence it fol
lows that the deſtruction of Troy was not
older than we have repreſented it. . .
860. Maeris
32. A short CHR o N1 c L E.
860. Marir reigns in Egypt. He adorn
ed Memphis, and tranſlated the ſeat of his
Empire thither from Thebes. There he
built the famous Labyrinth, and the Nor
thern portico of the Temple of Vulcan,
and dug the great Lake called the Lake of
Maris, and upon the bottom of it built two
great Pyramids of brick : and theſe things
Being not mentioned by Homer or Heſiod,
were unknown to them, and done after
their days. Marris wrote alſo a book of
Geometry.
852. Hazaride ſucceſſor of Hadad at
‘Damaſcus dies and is deified, as was Ha
dad before; and theſe Gods, together
with Arather the wife of Hadad, were
worſhipped in their Sepulchres or Temples,
‘till the days of joſephus the jew; and
the Syrians boaſted their antiquity, not
knowing, ſaith joſephus, that they were
novel.
844. The AEolic, Migration. Baeotia,
formerly called Cadmeis,Eis ſeized by the
*; r

825. Cheopf reigns in Egypt. He built

the greateſt É. #j. for and
forbad the worſhip of the former Kings ;
intending to have been worſhipped him
ſelf.
825. The Heraclider, after three Geile
rations, or an hundred years, reckoned
from their former expedition, return into
2Peloponneſºr. Henceforward, to the end :-
tile
 A short C H R on 1 c L E. 33
the firſt Meffenian war, reigned ten Kings
of Sparta by one Race, and nine by ano
ther; ten of Meſſene, and nine of Arcadia:
which, by reckoning (according to the or
dinary courſe ofnature) about twenty years
to a Reign, one Reign with another, will
take up about 190 years. And the ſeven
Reigns more, in one of the two Races ofthe
º of Sparta, and eight in the other, to
the battle at Thermopyle; may take up
150 years more; and ſo place the return of
the Heraclides, about 820 years before
Chriſt.
824. Cephren reigns in Egypt, and
builds another great Pyramid.
808. Mycerinas reigns there, and be
gins the third great Pyramid. He ſhut up
the body of his daughter in an hollow ox,
and cauſed her to be worſhipped daily with
odours.
804. The war, between the Athenians
and Spartans, in which Codrus, King of
the Athenians, is ſlain.
802. Nitocris, the ſiſter of Mycerinus,
ſucceeds him, and finiſhes the third great
Pyramid. -

794. The Ionic Migration, under the

condućt of the ſons of Codruf. -

790. Pul founds the Aſſyrian Empire.

788. Aſychis reigns in Egypt, and builds
the eaſtern Portico of the Temple of Pul
can very ſplendidly; and a large Pyramid
of brick, made of mud dug out of the Lake
D of .
34 A short CHR o N1 cle.
of Maerir. #% breaks into ſeveral King
ëfur ris gn
doms. Gnepha and Boccho Rei
ſucceſſively in the upper Egypt; Stephan
athis, Necepſør and Nechus, at Sais ; 4.
myſ, or Amoſºr, at Anyſºr or Haner; and
Tacellotis, at Bubaſte.
776. Iphitus reſtores the Olympiads.
And from this AEra the Olympiads are now
reckoned. Gnephatius reigns at Mem
fhir.
772. Necep/0s and Petoſiris invent A
ſtrology in Egypt.
766. Semiramis begins to flouriſh, San
chomiathon writes.
751. Sabacon the Ethiopian, invades E
§. now divided into various Kingdoms,
urns Bocchoris, ſlays Nechus and makes
Amyſs %
747. Pul, King of Aſſyria, dies, and is
ſucceeded at Nineveh by Tiglathpilaſer,
and at Babylon by Nabonaffar. The E
#. who fled from Jabacon, carry
thei r Aſt rol ogy and Aſtronomy to Baby
Alom, and found the Æra of Nabonaffar in
Egyptian years.
740. Tiglathpilaſer, King of Aſſyria,
takes Pamaſcus, and captivates the Syri
4%.J.
729. Tiglathpilaſer is ſucceeded by Sal
manaffer. -

721. Salmanaffer, King of Aſſyria, car

ries the Ten Tribes into captivity.
719. Sena:
 A short CHR on I cle. 35
719. Sennacherib reigns over Aſſyria.
Archiat the ſon of Evagetus, of the ſtock
of Hercules, leads a Colony from Corinth
into Sicily, and builds Syracuſe. . .
717. Tirhakah reigns in Ethiopia.
714. Sennacherib is put to flight by the
Ethiopians and Egyptians, with great
ſlaughter. - - -

711. The Medes revolt from the Aſſyri

ams. Sennacherib ſlain. Afferhadom ſuc
ceeds him. This is that Aſſerhadon-Pul.
or Sardanapalus, the ſon of Amacymaarak
is, or Sennacherib, who built Tarſus and
Auchiale in one day.
710. Lycurgur, ting, the. . Poems
. . .
of Ho
:

mer out of Aſia into Greece,

Zo8. Lycurgus, becomes tutor to Cha
rillus or Carilauſ, the young King of
Sparta. Ariſtotle makes Lycurgus as old
as Iphitus, becauſe his name was uſion the
Olympic Diſc. But this Diſc was one of the
five games called the Quinquertium and the
#. was firſt inſtituted upon the
18th Olympiad. Socrates and Thucydide?
made the inſtitutions of Lycurgus about
3ooyears older than the end ofthe Pelopon
㺠war, thatis, 70.5 years before Chriſt.
701. Sabacon, after a reign of 5o years,
relinquiſhes Egypt to his ſon Sevechus or
Sethon, who becomes Prieſt of Vulcan, and
neglects military affairs.
698. Manaffeh reigns.
*...* * -

697. The Corinthians begin firſt of any -

D 2. Iner!
36 • A short C H R O Nicle.
men to buildſhips with three orders of oars;
called Triremes. Hitherto the Greeks had
uſed*}; of fifty oars.
687. Tirhakah reigns in %.
681. Aſſerhadon invades Babylon.
673. The jews conquered by Aſſerha
don, and Manaſſeh carried captive to Baby
Jon.
671. Afferhadon invades Egypt. The
government of Egypt committed to twelve
princes. . -

668. The weſtern nations of Syria,

‘Phaenicia and Egypt, revolt from the Aſſy
ziams. Afferhadon dies, and is ſucceeded
by Saoſiuchimur. Manaſſeh returns from
Captivity. . .
658. Phraortes reigns in Media. The
‘Prytanes reign in Corinth expelling their
Kings.
65%. The Corinthians overcome the
Corcyreans at ſea ; and this was the oldeſt
-

ſea fight.
->
655. Pſammiticus becomes King of all
Egypt, by conquering the other eleven
Kings with whom he had already reigned
fifteen-years: he reigned about 39 years
more. Henceforward the Ionians had
acceſs into Egypt; and thence came the
Ionian Philoſophy, Aſtronomy and Geo
metry.
652. The firſt Meſſenian war begins: it
laſted twenty years.
647. Charops, the firſt decennial Ar
chon
 A short C H R on I cle. 37
chon of the Athenians. Some of theſe Ar
chons might dye before the end of the ten
years, and the remainder of the ten years be
ſupplied by a new Archon. And hence the
ſeven decennial Archons might not take up
above forty or fifty years. Saoſiuchimur
King of Aſſyria dies, and is ſucceeded by
Chyniladon.
640. joſiah reigns in judaea.
636. Phraorter, King of the Meder, is
ſlain in a war it." the Aſſyrians. Afty
ages ſucceeds him.
635. The Scythians invade the Meder
and Aſſyrians.
633. Battus builds Cyrene, where Iraſh,
the City of Antaeus, had ſtood.
627. Rome is built.
625. Nabopolaſar revolts from the
King of Aſſyria, and reigns over Babylon.
‘Phalamtur leads the Parthenians into Ita.
Ay, and builds Tarentum.
617. Pſammiticus dies, Nechaoh reigns
in Egypt.
611. Cyaxeres reigns over the Meder.
61o. The Princes of the Scythians ſlain
in a feaſt by Cyaxerer.
609. joſiah ſlain. Cyaxerer and Nebu
ehadnezzar overthrow Nineveh, and, by
ſharing the Aſſyrian Empire, grow great.
607. Creon the firſt annual Archon of the
Athenians. The ſecond Meſſemiam war be
gins. Cyaxeres makes the Scythianſ re
tire beyond Colchos and Iberia, and lº.
- - the
8 A short C H R O N 1 c L E.
the Aſſyrian Provinces of Armenia, Pon
tus and Cappadocia. -

606. Nebuchadnezzar invades Syria.

judaea.
604. Nahopolaſar dies, and is ſucceed
edby his Son Nebuchadnezzar, who had
tºy reigned two years with
ther.
his fa
6oo. Parius the Mede, theſon of Cy
axerer, is born.
$99. Cyrus is born of Mandane, the
Siſter of Cyaxerer, and daughter of Afty
*20.6.f. - -

*... Suſana and Elam conquer'd by

Nebuchadnezzar. Caramus and Perdic
car fly from Phidon, and found the King
dom of Macedon. Phidon introduces
Weights and Meaſures, and the Coining of
Silver Money. . . . .

599. Cyaxerer makes war upon Alyat

tes King of Lydia.
588. The Temple of Solomon is burnt
by Nebuchadnezzar. The Meſſenians
being conquered, fly into Sicily, and build
Meſſana. . .
585, In the ſixth year of the Lydian
war, a total Eclipſe of the Sun, predićted
by Thaler, May the 28th, puts an end to a
Battle between the Medes and Lydians :
Whereupon they make Peace, and ratify
it by a marriage between Darius Medus
the ſon of Cyaxeres, and Ariene the
daughter of Alyatter. " . . . . *

584. Phi
 A short CHR on 1 cle. 39.
#4. Fhidon preſides in the 49th Olym
3Cl.

r 58o. Thidon is overthrown. Two

men choſen by lot, out of the city Elis,
to preſide in the Olympic Games.
572. Traco is Archon of the Atheni
ams, and makes laws for them.
568. The Amphyétions make war upon
the Cirrheans, by the advice of Solom, and
* take Cirrha. Cliſthener, Alcmaeon and
Eurolicuſ commanded the forces of the
Amphy&#ions, and were contemporary to
‘Phidon. For Leocáder the ſon of Phidon,
and Megacles the ſon of Alcmaeon, at one
and the ſame time, courted Agariffa the
daughter of Cliſthemes.
566. Nebuchadnezzar invades Egypt,
‘Darius the Mede reigns,
562. Solon, being Archon of the Athe
hians, makes laws for them,
557. ‘Periander dies, and Corinth be
comes free from Tyrants.
555. Nabomadius reigns at Babylon.
His Mother Nitocris adorns and fortifies
that City.
550 #iºrate, becomes Tyrant at 4.
thems. The Conference between Craſier
and Solom. .
549. Solon dies, Hegeſ ratus being Ar
chon of Athens. -

544. Wardes is taken by Cyrus. TXa

zius the Mede recoins the Lydian money
into Darics. -

- - - 538. Ba
40 A short CHRONI cle.
3.
538. Babylon is taken Cyrus.
536. Cyrus overcomes Tarius the Mede,
and tranſlates the Empire to the Perſians.
The jews return from Captivity, and
found the ſecond Temple.
529. Cyrus dies. bºwſ. reigns.
521.7)arius the ſon of Hyſtaſpes º:
The Magi are ſlain. The various Religi
ons of the ſeveral Nations of Perſia,
which conſiſted in the worſhip of their an
cient Kings, are aboliſhed; and by the in
fluence of Hyſfaſpes and Zoroaſter the
}. of one God, at Altars, without
Temples is ſetupin all Perſia. -

52 o. The ſecond Temple is built at je

ruſalem, by the command of Darius.
515. The ſecond Temple is finiſhed and
dedicated. t

$13. Harmodius and Ariſtogiton, ſlay

Hipparchus the ſon of Piffratur, Ty
rant of the Athenian r.
$o8. The Kings of the Romans expel
led, and Conſulselected. . . .

491. The Battle of Marathon.

485. Xerxes reigns.
48o. The Paſſage of Xerxes over the
Helleſpont into Greece, and Battles of
Thermopylae and Salamis.
464. Artaxerxer Longimanus reigns.
457, Ezra returns into judea. jo
hanan the father of jaddua was now
tºwn up, having a chamber in the Tem
ple. --

444. Nehe
 A short C H Ro N1 cle. 41
444. Nehemiah returns into judea.
FIerodotus writes.
431. The Peloponneſan war begins.
428. Nehemiah drives away Manaſſeh
the brother of jaddua, becauſe he had
married Nicaſ the daughter of Sanballat.
424. Darius Nothus reigns.
422. Samballat builds a Temple in
Mount Gerizim, and makes his ſon-in
law Manaſſeh the firſt High-Prieſt there
of.
412. Hitherto the Prieſts and Levites
were numbered, and written in the Chro
nicles of the jews, before the death of .
Nehemiah: at which time either johan
man or jaddua was High-Prieſt. And
here ends the Sacred Hiſtory of the jews.
405. Artaxerxes Mnemon reigns. The
end of the Peloponneſian war.
359. Artaxerxes Ochus reigns,
338. Arogus reigns.
336. Tarius Codomammus reigns.
3.32. The Perſian Empire conquered
by Alexander the Great.
33 1. ‘Darius Codomannur, the laſt
King of Perſa, ſlain. -

T H E
 43

C R O N O L OGY
O F

Anri ºn Kingdoms
A M E N D E D,
CH A P. I.
of the Chronology of the Firſt -

Ages of the G R E E K S.
L Nations, before they began
to keep exact accounts of time,
have §: prone to raiſe their
* Antiquities ; and this humour
has been promoted, by the Contentions
between Nations about their ongº; &-
 4-4- Of the C H R on o Lo Gy
* He Herodotus * tells us, that the Prieſts of E
rod.1.2. gypt reckoned from the reign of Menus to
that of Wethon, who put Sennacherib to
flight, three hundred forty and one Gene
rations of men, and as many Prieſts of Vul
can, and as many Kings of Egypt; and
that three hundred Generations make ten
thouſandyears; for, ſaith he, three Gene
rations of men make an hundred years :
and the remainingforty and one Generati
ons make 134o years; and ſo the whole
time from the reign of Menes to that of
Sethon was 11340 years. ... And by this
way of reckoning, and allotting longer
reigns to the Gods of Egypt than to the
Kings which followed them, Herodotus
tells us from the Prieſts of Egypt, that
from?an to Amoſ's were 15000 years and
from Hercules to Amoſ, 17000 years. So
alſo the Chaldaeans boaſted of their Anti
quity; for Calliffhemes the Diſciple of A
riſtotle, ſent Aſtronomical Obſervations
from Babylon to Greece, ſaid to be of 1903
years ſtanding before the times of Alexan
der the Great. And the Chaldaeans boaſted
further, that they had obſerved the Stars
473ooo years; and there were others who
made the Kingdoms of Aſſyria, Media
and Damaſcuſ, much older than the
truth. - -

Some of the Greeks called the times be

fore the reign of Ogyger, Unknown, be
-, * cauſe
 of the GREEKs. 45
cauſe . had no Hiſtory of them ; thoſe
between his flood and the beginning of the
Olympiads, Fabulous, becauſe their Hiſto
ry was much mixed with Poetical Fables:
and thoſe after the beginning of the Olym
piads, Hiſtorical, becauſe their Hiſtory
was free from ſuch Fables. The fabulous
Ages wanted a good Chronology, and ſo
alſo did the Hiſtorical, for the firſt 60
or 70 Olympiads.
The Europeans, had no Chronology
before the times of the Perſian Empire:
and whatſoever Chronology, they now
have of ancienter times, hath been framed
ſince, by reaſoning and conjećture. In
the beginning of that Monarchy, Acuff
laus made Phoroneus as old as Ogyges and
his flood, and that flood Iolo years older
than the firſt Olympiad; which is above
68o years older than the truth: and to
make out this reckoning his followers have
encreaſed the Reigns of Kings in length
and number. Plutarch tells us, that the . Pl
Philoſophers, anciently delivered their O- º:
pinions in Verſe, as Orpheus, Heſiod, de Py
*Parmenides, Xenophanes, Empedocles, thia.
Thales ; but afterwards left off the uſe of Oracu
Verſes, and that Ariſtarchus, Timocharis, lo.
Ariſtillus, Hipparchus, did not make A
ſtronomy, the more contemptible, by de
ſcribing it in Proſe; after Eudoxus, Heſ.
od, and Thales had wrote of it in Verſe.
Solon
 46 Of the CH Ro Noto Gy
+ Plu Solom wrote t in Verſe, and all the Seven
tarch.
in So
Wiſe Men were addićted to Poetry, as A
lon. maximener affirmed. "Till thoſe days the
4 Apud Greeks wrote only in Verſe, and while
Diog. they did ſo, there could be no Chronolo
Laert. gy, nor any other Hiſtory, than ſuch as
in So was mixed with poetical fancies. Pliny,
lon. p. * in reckoning up the Inventors of things,
IO.
tells us, that Pherecydes Syrius taught to
*Plin: compoſe diſcourſer in #. in the reign
nat.hiſt.
I. 7. c. of Cyrus; and Cadmus Mileſius to write
£6. Hiſtory. Andin"; another place, he ſaith,
** Ib. that Cadmus Mileſius war the firſt that
1. ſ.c. ever wrote in Proſe. ...}oſephus tells us,
39. $ that Cadmus Mileſus, and Acuſilaus'
§ Cont. were but a little before the expedition of
Apion. the Perſians againſt the Greek; ; and Sui
ſub ini daf, s calls Acuſtlauf a moſt ancient Hi
tio.
* In 'Akerſ. ſtorian, and faith, that he wrote Genealo
Aaoğ. gier, out of tables of braſ, which his fa
ther, at was reported, found in a corner
of his houſe. Who hid them there, may
ft.Jo be doubted : For the Greeks fi had no
ſeph. publick table or inſcription, older than the
COInt.

Ap. l. 1.
Laws of Draco, Pherecyder Athenien
ſº, in the reign of Darius Hyſtaſpis, or
ſoon after, wrote of the Antiquities and an
cient Genealogies of the Athenians, in ten
books; and was one of the firſt E...
writers of this kind, and one of the beſt;
* Dio whence he had the name of Genealogus;
nyſ. l. I •
initio.
and by Zionyſus * Huiarunºff, º 3.1
 of the GR E E Ks. 47
ſaid to be ſecond to none of the Genealo
ſers : Epimenider, not the Philoſopher,
É. an. Hiſtorian, wrote alſo of the an
cient Genealogies : And Hellanicur,
who was twelve years older than He
rodotur, digeſted his Hiſtory, by the
Ages or Succeſſions of the Prieſteſſes
of juno Argiva. Others digeſted theirs
by thoſe of the Archons of Athens, or
Kings of the Lacedæmonians. Hippi
ar, the Elean, publiſhed a Breviary of
the Olympiads, #: by no certain
arguments, as Plutarchftells us: he lived + Plu
in the Io;th Olympiad, and was derided tarch
by Plato for his Ignorance. This Brevi- .N.-
ary, ſeems to have contained, nothing mal. '
more than aſhort account of the Wićtors in
every Olympiad. Then $ Ephorus, the Di
diſciple of Iſocrates, formed a Chronolo- $ºr
gical Hiſtory of Greece, beginning with . 6 p.
the Return of the Heraclides into Pelo. Fr.”
ponneſus, and ending with the Siege of É.
‘Perinthus, in the twentieth year of Phi- Steph.
Jip, the father of Alexander the Great;
that is, eleven years before the fall of the
:Preſian
by Empire :and
Generations, but,”
the he digeſtedby
reckoning things.
the “ Poly.
Olympiads, or by any other Æra, was not ...”
yet in uſe among the Greeks. The Arun- “
delian Marbles were compoſed, ſixty years
after the death of Alexander the Great
(An. 4. OAymp. 128.) and yet, mention
In Ot
~
48 Of the CHR on ology
not the Olympiads, nor any otherſtanding
IEra, but reckon backwards from the time
then preſent. But Chronology was now
reduced to a reckoning by years; and in
the next Olympiad, }}.} Siculus im
proved it: for he wrote a Hiſtory, in ſeve
ral books, down to his own times, accor
ding to the Olympiads; comparing the
Ephori, the Kings of Sparta, the Archons
of Athens, and the Prieſteſſes of Argos,
with the Olympic Vićtors, ſo as to make
the 9. and the Genealogies and
Succeſſions of Kings andPrieſteſſes, and the
Poetical Hiſtories, ſuit with one another,
according to the beſt of hisjudgment: and
where he left off, Polybius began, and car
ried on the Hiſtory. Eratofthemes wrote
above an hundred years after the death of
Alexander the Great: He was followed
by Apollodorus; and theſe two have
been followed ever ſince by Chronolo
CrS.

3 But how uncertain their Chronology is,

and how doubtful it was reputed by the
Greeks of thoſe times, may be underſtood
by theſe paſſages of Plutarch. Some reck
# Invi on Lycurgus, ſaith he, * contemporary to
tally Iphitus, and to have been his companion in
curgi, ordering the Olympic feſtivals, amongſt
ſub ini whom was Ariſtotle the Philoſopher, ar
tio. guing from the Olympic Piſc, which had
the name of Lycurgus upon it. Others ſup
- poſing
 of the GRE Eks. 49
puting the times by the Kings of Lacedæ
mon, as Eratoſthenes and Apollodorus,
affirm that he was not a few years older
than the firſt Olympiad. He began to flou
riſh in the 17th or 18th Olympiad, and at
length, Ariſtotle made him as old as the
firſt Olympiad; and ſo did Epaminondar,
as he is cited by Ælian and Plutarch:
and then Žº. Apollodorus, and
their followers, made him above an hun
dred years older. And in another place
‘Plutarch “tells us: The Congreſs of So- ..
lon with Croeſus, ſome think they can con- *In So
fute by Chronology. But a Hiſtory ſº illu- lone.

firious, and verified by ſo many witneſſer,

and which is more, ſo agreeable to the
manners of Solon, and worthy of the
greatmeſ; of his mind, and of his wiſdom,
I cannot perſuade myſelf to reječí becauſe
of ſome Chromological Canons, as they
call them, which hundreds of authors cor
rečing, have not yet been able to conſti
tute any thing certain, in which they
could agree amongſt themſelves, about re
pugnancier. - ‘f Plu
And as for the Chronology of the La- tarch in
times, that is ſtill more uncertain. Plu- Romu
tarch frepreſents great uncertainties in the Q &
Originals of Rome, and ſo doth &ervius ** Nº.
The old Records of the Latimes were *:::d
burnt ºf by the Gauls, an hundred and .
twenty years after the Regifuge, and ſix- ºf pi.
ty four years before º death of alsº odor. l.
£7", 1.
 $o Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
der the Great; and gluintus Fabius Pic
tt Plu- tor, ff the oldeſt Hiſtorian of the Latines
*hº lived an hundred years later than that King,
i." and
O took almoſt
Teparethius, all things
a Greek. Thefrom Diocleſ
Chronologers
of Gallia, Spain, Germany, Scythia,
Swedeland, Britain, and Ireland are of
a date ſtill later; for Scythia beyond the
‘Danube had no letters, ’till ‘Ulphilar their
Biſhop formed them; which was about ſix
hundred years after the death of Alexan
der theGreat: and Germany had none 'till
it received them, from the weſtern Empire
of the Latimes, about ſeven hundred years.
after the death of that King. The Humm, .
had none in the days of Procopius, who
flouriſhed 850 years after the death of that
King: and Sweden and Norway received
them ſtill later. And things ſaid to be done
above one or two hundred years before the
uſe of letters, are of little credit. -

*Lib. 1. ‘Diodorus, * in the beginning of his

in Pro- Hiſtory tells us, that he did not define by
a.m. any certain ſpace the times preceding the
Trojan War, becauſe he had no certain.
foundation to rely upon; but from the Tro
jam war, according to the reckoning of A
Pollodorus, whom he followed, there were
eighty years to the return of the Heraclides
into Peloponneſus ; and that from that Pe
riod to the firſt Olympiad, there were 328
years, ...}.} the times from the
Kings ofthe Lacedemonians. *:::
Ol
 of the G R E E K s. 51
followed Eratofthemer, and both of them
followed Thucydides, in reckoniugeighty
years from the Trojan war to the Return of
the Heraclides : but in reckoning 318.
}; from that return to the firſt Olympiad
iodorus tells us, that the times were com-f Plu
puted from the Kings of the Lacedæmoni- arch in
ams; and Plutarch f tells us, that Apol- ;
lodorus, Eratoſthener and others follow- #.
ed that computation; and ſince this reck."
oning is ſtill received by Chronologers,
and was gathered by computing the times
from the Kings of the Lacedæmonians,
that is from their number, let us re-exas.
min that computation. - -

The Egyptians, reckoned the Reigns of

Kings equipollent to Generations of Men,
and three Generations to an hundred
years, as above; and ſo did the Greeks
and Latimes ; and accordingly they have
made their Kings reign one with another
thirty and three years a-piece; and a--
bove. For they make the ſeven Kings of
Rome who preceded the Conſuls to have
reigned 244 years, which is 35 years a
piece; and the firſt twelve * of Sicy.
on, Ægialeus, Europs, &c. to have reign
ed 529 years, which is 44 years a-piece :
and the firſt eightkings of Argos, Inachus,
Thoroneur, &c. to have reigned 371
years, which is above 46 years a-piece:
and between the return of the Heraclider
into Peloponneſis, and the end of the
E 3, firſt
52 Of the CHR on o Logy
firſt Meſſenian war, the ten Kings of Spar
ta, , in one Race; Euryſthenes, Agir,
Echeſtratur, Labotas, % ur, Age
ſlaus, Archelaur, Teleclur, %. -

and Polydorus : the nine in the other

race; Procles, Sous, Eurypon, Pryta
mis, Eunomus, Polydeğer, Charilaus,
Nicander, Theopompus : the ten Kings of
Meſſene; Creſphontes, Epytus, Glau
cur, Iſthmius, ‘Dotadas, Sibotas, Phin
tas, Antiochus, Euphaes, Ariſtodemus : .
and the nine of Arcadia; Cypſelus, Olae
ar, Buchalion, Phialus, Simus, Pom
pur, Ægineta, Polymneſtor, Æchmis,
according to Chronologers, took up 379
years: which is, 38 years a-piece to
the ten Kings, and 42 years a-piece to
the nine. ...And the five Kings of the race
of Euryſthener, between the end of the
firſt Meſſenian war, and the beginning of
the reign of Parius Hyſtaſpir; Eury
, crates, Anaxander, Eurycrates II, Le
on, Anaxandrider, reigned 202 years,
which is above 40 years a-piece.
Thus the Greek Chronologers, who
follow Timaeus and Eratofthemes, have
made the Kings of their ſeveral Cities,
who lived before the times of the Per
ſtan Empire, to reign about 35 or 49
years a-piece, one with another; which
is a length, ſo much beyond the courſe
of nature, as is not to be credited. For, by .
the ordinary courſe of nature, Kings reign,
- OIAC
 of the GRE Eks. $3
one with another, about eighteen or twen
ty years a-piece: and if, in ſome inſtances,
they reign, one with another, five or ſix
years longer, in others, they reign as much
ſhorter: eighteen or twenty years is a
medium. So the eighteen Kings of ju
dah, who ſucceeded Solomon, reigned 390
years, which is, one with another, 22.
years a-piece. . The fifteen Kings of Iſ. .
rael, after Solomon, reigned 259 years,
which is, 17: }. a-piece. The ::
een Kings of Babylon, Nabon affar &c.
reigned 209 years, which is, 113 years
a-piece. The ten Kings of Perſia; Cy
zur, Cambyſes, &c. reigned to8 years,
which is, almoſt 21 years a-piece. The
ſixteen Succeſſors of Alexander the
Great, and of his brother and ſon in Sy
ria; Seleucus, Antiochur Soter, &c.
reigned 244 years, after the breaking of
that Monarchy into various Kingdoms,
which is, 153 years a-piece. The ele
ven Kings of Egypt; #ºne; Lagi,
&c. reigned 277 years, counted from the
ſame Period, which is, 25 years a-piece.
The eight in Macedonia; Caſſander, &c.
reigned 138 years, which is, 17; years
a-piece. The thirty Kings of England;
JWilliam the Conqueror, JWilliam Ru
ſus, &c. reigned * years, which is,
21; years a-piece. The firſt twenty four
Kings of France; Pharamundus, &c.
reigned 458 years, which is, 19 years
- E 3 2
$4. Of the CHR on o logy
a-piece: the next twenty four Kings of
France; Ludovicus Balbur, &c. 451
years, which is, 183 years a-piece; the
next fifteen Philip Paleſus, &c. 315
ears, which is, 21 years a-piece: and
all the ſixty three Kings of France, 1224
years, which is 193 years a-piece. Ge
nerations from father to ſon, may be
reckoned, one with another, at about
33 or 34 years . or about three
Generations to an hundred years: but if
the reckoning proceed by the eldeſt ſons,
they are ſhorter, ſo that three of them
may be reckoned at about 75 or 80 years:
º the Reigns of Kings are ſtill ſhorter,
becauſe Kings are ſucceeded, not only by
their eldeſt ſons, but ſometimes by their
brothers, and ſometimes they are ſlain
or depoſed; and ſucceeded by others of
an equal or greater age, eſpecially in e
leótive or turbulent Kin i. In the
later Ages, ſince Chronology hath been
exact, there is ſcarce an inſtance to be
found, often Kings reigning any where,
in continual Succeſſion, above 260 years:
but Timaeus and his followers, and I think
alſo ſome of his Predeceſſors, after the
example of the Egyptians, have taken
the Reigns of Kings, forCenerations, and
reckoned three Generations to an hun
dred, and ſometimes to an hundred and
twenty years; and founded the Techni
cal Chronology of the Greeks upon this
- way
 of the GREEK's. 55
way of reckoning. Let the reckoning
be reduced to the courſe of nature, by
putting the reigns of Kings one with ano
ther, at about eighteen or twenty years
a-piece: and the ten Kings of Sparta,
by one race, the ten Kings of Meſſene,
and the nine of Arcadia, .. mention
ed, between the return of the Heraclides
into Peloponneſus, and the end of the firſt
Meffemian war, will ſcarce take up above
18o or 190 years: whereas, according to
Chronologers, they took up 379 years.
For confirming this reckoning, I may
add another argument. Euryleon, the
ſon of Ægeur, " commanded the main *Pauſan
body of the Meffemians in the fifth year 1. 4. c.
I 2. D.
of the firſt Meſſenian war, and was in §§e.
the fifth Generation, from Oiolicur, the
7.p.296.
{on of Theras, the brother-in-law of A &l. 3.
riffodemur, and tutor to his ſons Euryſ'- C.. I j. p.
hemes, and Procles, as Pauſanias f re 2.47.
lates: and by conſequence, from the re + Pauſ.
turn of the Heraclides, which was in 1.4 c.7.
the days of Theras, to the battle, which p. 296.
was, in the fifth year of this war, there
were ſix Generations, which, as I con
ceive, being for the moſt part, by the
eldeſt ſons, will ſcarce exceed thirty
years to a Generation; and ſo may a
mount unto 17o or 18o years. That
war laſted 19 or 20 years; add the laſt
15 years, and there will be about 190
years to the end of that war: whereas
the
 56 Of the CHR on o logy
the followers of Timaeus make it about
379 years, which is, above ſixty years
to a Generation.
By theſe arguments, Chronologers have
lengthned the time, between the return
of the Heraclides into Peloponneſus, and
the firſt Meſſenian war, adding to it, a
bout 190 years: and they i. alſo
º the time, between that war
and the riſe of the Perſian Empire. For,
in the race of the Spartan Kings, deſ.
cended from Euryſthenes; after Polydo
*Herod, ***, reigned * theſe Kings, Eurycrater,
1, 7. Anaxander, Eurycratides, Leon, Anax
andrider, Cleomenes, Leonidas, &c.
And in the other race deſcended from
+ He- Procles; after Theopompus, reigned f
rod.1. 8. theſe, Anaxandrides, Archidemus, A
maxileur, Leutychides, Hippocratides,
Ariſton, Demaratur, Leutychides, II.
&c. according to Herodotus. Theſe
Kings reigned ’till the ſixth year of
Merxes, in which Leonidas, was ſlain
by the Perſians at Thermopyle; and
Leutychider II. ſoon after, flying from
Sparta to Tegea, died there. The ſe
ven Reigns of the Kings of Sparta, which
follow ‘Polydorus, being added to the ten
Reigns above mentioned, which began
with that of Euryſthener; make up ſe
venteen Reigns of Kings, between the re
turn of the Heraclides into Peloponne
Jur, and the fixth year of Xerxer: and
- the
 of the G RE Eks. 57
the eight Reigns following Theopompus
being added to the nine Reigns above
mentioned, which began with that of
Trocles, make up alſo ſeventeen Reigns:
and theſe ſeventeenReigns at twenty years
a-piece, one with another, amount unto
three hundred and forty years. Count
theſe 340 years upwards from the ſixth
year of Xerxes, and one or two years
more for the war of the Heraclider, and
Reign of Ariſtodemur, the father of Eu
ryffhenes, and Procles; and they will
lace the return of the Heraclider into
‘Peloponneſus, 159 years after the death
of Solomon, and 46 years before the firſt
Olympiad, in which Coraebus was vićtor,
But the followers of Timaeus have placed
this return two hundred and eighty years
earlier. Now this being the computation
upon which the Greeks, as you have
heard from ‘Diodorus and Plutarch, have
founded the Chronology of their King
doms, which were ancienter than the Per
ſan Empire; that Chronology is to be
rečtified, by ſhortening the times which
preceded the death of Cyrus, in the pro
portion of almoſt two to one; for the
times which follow the death of Cyrus
are not much amiſs. -

The Artificial Chronologers have made

Lycurgus, the legiſlator, as old as Iphi
tut, the reſtorer of the Olympiads; and
Iphitus, an hundred and twelve
.
3.
older

º
-
 58 of the C H R O No Lo Gy
older than the firſt Olympiad; and, to help
out the Hypotheſis, †: have feigned
twenty eight Olympiads, older than
the firſt Ölympiad wherein Coraebur
was vićtor. But theſe things were feign
ed, after the days of Thucydides and
‘Plato: for Socrater died three vears af.
ter the end of the #º: war,
* Plato and Plato * introduceth him ſaying, that
in Mi the inſtitutions of Lycurgus were ; of
*OC.
three hundred years ſtanding, or not
much more. And f Thucydides, in the
+ Thu
cyd. l. 1 reading followed by Stephanur, ſaith,
P. 13. that the Lacedarmonians, had from an
cient times uſed good laws, and been free
from tyranny; and that from the time
that they had uſed one and the ſame ad
miniſtration of their commonwealth to
the end of the Peloponneſian war, there
were three hundred years and a few
more. Count three hundred years back
from the end of the Peloponneſian war,
and they will place the Legiſlature of Ly
curgus upon the 19th Olympiad. And,
according to Socrater, it might be upon
the 22d or 23d. Athenaeus * tells us out
# Athen
of ancient authors (Hellamicus, Joſſmus
1. 14 p.
605. and Hieronymus) that Lycurgus the Le
giſlator, was contemporary to Terpander
the Muſician; and that Terpander was
the firſt man who got the vićtory in the
Carnea, in a ſolemnity of muſic inſtitu
ted in thoſe feſtivals in the 16th Olym
piad.
 of the GREEK s. 59
piad. He overcame four times in thoſe
‘Pythic games, and therefore lived at leaſt
'till the 29th Olympiad; and beginning
to flouriſh in the days of Lycurgus, it is
not likely that Lycurgur began to flouriſh,
much before the 18th Olympiad. The
name of Lycurgus being on the Olympic
Diſc, Ariſtotle concluded thence, .
Lycurgus was the companion of Iphitur,
in reſtoring the Olympic games: and this
argument might be the ground of the opini
on of Chronologers, that Lycurgus and
Iphitus were contemporary. But Iphi
tus did not reſtore all the Olympic games.
He fireſtored indeed, the Racing in the + Pauſ.
firſt 9. Corebus being vićtor. In 1. F. c.
the 14th Olympiad the doubleſładium was 8.
added, Hypaenus being vićtor. And in
the 18th Olympiad the Quinquertium
and Wreſtling were added, Lampus and
Eurybatus, two Spartans, being vićtors:
And the Diſc was one of the games of
the Quinquertium. * Pauſanias tells Pauſ.
us that there were three Diſcs kept in the 1.6. c.
Olympic treaſury at Altis, theſe there- 19.
fore having the name of Lycurgus upon
them, ſhew that they were given by him,
at the inſtitution of the Quinquertium,
in the 18th Olympiad. Nº!"; -

King of Sparta, being ſlain before the

birth of his ſon Charillus, or Charilaur,
left the Kingdom to Lycurgus his brother;
and Lycurgus, upon the birth of Charillus,
be
 6O Of the C H Ro No Lo Gy
became tutor to the child; and after about
eight months travelled into Crete and Aſia,
till the child grew up, and brought back
with him the poems of Homer; and ſoon
after publiſhed his laws, ſuppoſe upon the
22d or. 23d Olympiad; for he was then
growing old; and Terpander was a Lyric
Poet, and began to flouriſh about this time;
* Plut. for * he imitated Orpheus and Homer,
de Mu and ſung Homer's verſes and his own, and
fica.
Clem. wrote the laws of Lycurgus in verſe, and
Strom. was vićtor in the Pythic games in the
1. I. P
308. p. 26th Olympiad, as above. He was the
firſt who diſtinguiſhed the modes of Ly
ric muſic by ſeveral names. , Ardalus and
Clomas ſoon after did the like for wind
muſic: and from henceforward, by the
encouragement of the Pythic games, now
inſtituted, ſeveral eminent Muſicians and
Poets flouriſhed in Greece: as Archilo
chur, Eumelus Corinthius, Polymmeſºur,
Thaletas, Xenodemus, Xenocritus, Sa
cadas, Tyrtaeus, Tleſſlla, Rhianus, Alc
man, Arion, Steſichorus, Mimmermnus,
Alcaeus, Sappho, Theognis, Anacreon,
Ibycus, Simonides AEſchylus, Pindar,
by whom the Muſic and Poetry of the
reeks were brought to perfection.
Lycurgus, publiſhed his laws in the
Reign of Ageſilaus, the ſon and ſucceſ
ſor of Toryagur, in the race of the
Kings of Sparta deſcended from Euryff
hemer. From the return of the fire; & Jº
 of the G R E E K S. 6I

des into Peloponneſur, to the end of the

Reign of Ageſilaus, there were ſix Reigns:
and from the ſame return to the end of
the Reign of Polydeties, in the Race of
the Spartan Kings deſcended from Pro
cles, there were alſo ſix Reigns: and . .
theſe Reigns, at twenty years a-piece one
with another, amount unto 120 years;
beſides the ſhort reign of Ariſtodemur, the
father of Euryſthenes and Procles, which
might amount to a year or two: for Ari
ſtodemus came to the crown, as * Hero- “Herod.
dotus and the Lacedæmonians themſelves 1.6.c.;z.
affirmed. The times of the deaths of
Ageſilaur and Polydeties are not cer
tainly known: but it may be preſumed that
Lycurgus did not meddle with the Olym
pic games before he came to the King
dom; and therefore Polyde&#er died in
the beginning of the 18th Olympiad, or
but a very little before. If it may be
ſuppoſed that the 20th Olympiad was in,
or very near to the middle time between
the deaths ofthe two Kings Polydeties and
Ageſlaur, and from thence be counted up
wards the aforeſaid 120 years, and one year
more for the Reign of Ariſtodemus ; the
reckoning will place the Return of the He
raclides, about 45 years before the begin
ning of the Olympiads.
phitus, who reſtored the Olympic * Pau
ames, * was deſcended from Oxylus, the
#. of Hemon, the ſon of Thoas, the ſon of ſan.
C. 4.
1. j.
An
 62 ofthe Chronology
Andraemon : Hercules and Andraemon
married two ſiſters: Thoas warred at Troy:
Qxylus returned into Peloponneſus with
the Heraclider. In this return he com=
manded the body of the AEtolians, and re
j Päu- covered Elea; f from whence his anceſtor
ºf AEtolus, the ſon of Endymion, the ſon of
.” * Aethlius, had been driven .
Salmaneus
śirabo, the grandſon of Hellen. By the friendſhip.
l. 8, p. of the Heraclides, Oxylus had the care of
37. the §: Temple committed to him :
and the Heraclider, for his ſervice done
them, granted further upon oath that the
country of the Eleans ſhould be free from
invaſions, and be defended by them from
all armed force: And when the Elean;
were thus conſecrated, Oxylus reſtored the
Olympic games; and after they had been a
* Pau- gain intermitted, Iphitur their King *re
fan. 1. ſ. ſtored them, and made them quadrennial.
c. 4. Iphitus is by ſome reckoned the ſon of Hae
mon, by others the ſon of Praxonidar, the
ſon of Haemon: but Haemon being the father
of Oxylus, I would reckon Iphitus the ſon
of Praxonidar, theſon of Oxylus, the ſon
of Haemon. And by this reckoning the
Return of the Heraclides into Peloponne
fur will be two Generations by the eldeſt
ſons, or about 52 years, before the Olym
+ Pau- piads. .
Tauſania r frepreſents that Melas the
ſan. 1. j. ſon of Antiffus, of the poſterity of Gonuſ:
3.’ the daughter of Sicyon, was not
-
*::: Cº. "
 of the G R E E Ks.
Generations older than Cypſelus King of
Corinth; and that he was contemporary to
Aletes, who returned with the Heraclider
in to Peloponneſus. The Reign of Cypſelur
began Am. 2, Olymp. 31, according to the
Chronologers; and ſix Generations, at a
bout 30 years to a Generation, amount un
to 180 years. Count theſe years backwards
from Am. 2. Olymp. 31, and they will place
the Return of the Heraclides into Pelo
ponneſus 58 years before the firſtOlympiad.
But it might not be ſo early, if the Reign of
Cypſelus began three or four Olympiads
later; for he reigned before the Perſian
Empire began.
ercules the Argonaut was the fa
ther of Hyllus; the father of Cleodius; the
father of Ariſtomachus; the father of
Temenus, Creſphontes, and Ariſtodemus,
who led the Heraclides into Peloponne
ſus: and Euryſtheus, who was of the ſame
age with Hercules, was ſlain in the firſt at
tempt of the Heraclides to return: Hyllur
was ſlain in the ſecond attempt, Cleodius in
the third attempt, Ariſtomachus in the
fourth attempt, and Ariſtodemus died as
ſoon as they were returned, and left the
Kingdom of Sparta to his ſons Euryſthe
mes ańd Procles. Whence their Return
was four Generations later than the Argo
mautic expedition: And theſe Generations
were ſhort ones, being by the chief of the
family, and ſuit with the reckoning of Thu
cy
64. Of the C H R G No Lo Gy
cydider and the Antients, that the taking of
Troy was about 75 or eighty years before
the return of the Heraclides into Pelopon
neſus; and the Argonautic expedition one
Generation earlier than the taking of Troy.
Count therefore eighty years backward
from the Return º the Heraclider into
‘Peloponneſus to the Trojan war, and the
taking of Troy will be about 76 years after
the death of Solomon; And the Argonau
tic expedition, which was one Generati
on earlier, will be about 43 years after it.
From the taking of Troy, to the Return of
the Heraclides, could ſcarce be more than
eighty years, becauſe Oreſter the ſon of
gamemnon was a youth at the taking of
Troy, and his ſons Penthilus and Tiſame
. lived till the Return of the Heracli
(*J’. -

AEſculapius and Hercules were Argo

nauts, and Hippocrates was the eighteenth
incluſively by the father's ſide from Æſtu
Alapius, and the nineteenth from Hercules
by the mother's ſide : and becauſe theſe Ge
nerations, being taken notice of by writers,
were moſt probably by the principal of the
family, and ſo for the moſt part by the el
deſt #: we may reckon about 28 or at
the moſt about 30 years to a Generation.
And thus the ſeventeen intervals by the fa
ther's ſide, and eighteen by the mother's,
at a middle reckoning amount unto about
507 years; which counted backwards Fº
º t
 of the GR E E ks. 65
the beginning of the Peloponneſan war, at
. time #; to flouriſh,
will reach up to the 43d year after the death
of Solomon, and there place the Argonau
tic expedition.
When the Romans conquered the Car
thaginians, the Archives of Carthage came
into their hands: And thence Appian, in
his hiſtory of the Pumic wars, tells in round
numbers that Carthage ſtood ſeven hun
red years: and * Solimus adds the odd * Solin,
number of years in theſe words: Adrymeto C.39.
atque Carthagini authoreſt a Tyro popu
tus. 'Urbem iſtam, ut Cato in Oratione
Senatoria autumat, cum rex Hiarbas re
rum in Libya potiretur, Eliſa mulier
extruxit, domo Phaemix, & Carthadam
dixit, quod Phaenicum ore exprimit civi
tatem movam ; mox ſermone verſ Cartha
go dičía eff, quae poſt annot ſeptingentos
triginta ſeptem exciditur quam fuerat
extruša. Eliſa was 7)ido, and Carthage
was deſtroyed in the Conſulſhip of Lentu
Ius and Mummius, in the year of the full
an Period 4568 ; from whence count back
waſ ds 737 years, and the Encaemia or De
dication of the City, will fall upon the 16th
year of Pygmalion, the brother of Dido,
and King of Tyre. She fled in the ſeventh
ear of Pygmalion, but the Æra of the Ci
y began with its Encaemia. Now Pirgil
and his Scholiaſt Servius, who might have
ſome things from the archives of Tyre and
F Cypruſ,
 66 Of the CHR o No Lo G Y
Cyprus, as well as from thoſe of Carthage,
relate, that Teucer came from the war of
Troy to Cyprus, in the days of 7)ido, a
little before the Reign of her brother Pyg
malion ; and, in conjunction with her fa
ther, ſeized Cyprus, and ejećted Cinyras :
and the Marbles ſay, that Teucer came to
Cyprus ſeven years after the deſtruction of
Troy, and built Salamis; and Apollodorus,
that Cinyras married Metharme the daugh
ther of Pygmalion, and built Paphos.
Therefore, if the Romans, in the days of
Auguſtus, followed not altogether the ar
tificial Chronology of Eratofthemes, but
had theſe things from the records of Car
thage, Cyprus, or Tyre; the arrival of Teu
cer at Cyprus will be in the Reign of the
predeceſſor of º : and § conſe
quence the deſtruction of Troy, about 76
years later than the death of Solomon.
# Dio ‘Dionyſius Halicarnaſſenſºr * tells us,
nyſ.l. 1. that in the time of the Trojan war, Lati
p. I j'. mus was king of the Aborigines in Italy,
and that in the ſixteenth Age after that
war, Romulus built Rome. Hy Ages he
º:
InC21].S of Kings: for after Latinus,
he names ſixteen Kings of the Latimes, the
laſt of which was Numitor, in whoſe days
Romulus built Rome: for Romulus was
contemporary to Numitor, and after him
‘Dionyſus and others reckon ſix Kings
more over Rome, to the beginning of the
Conful..Now theſe twenty and two Reigns,
- - 3t
 of the GREEK s. 67
at about 18 years to a Reign, one with ano
ther, (for many of theſ: Kings were ſlain,)
took up 396 years; which counted back
from the conſulſhip of junius Brutus and
Valerius Publicola, the two firſt Conſuls,
lace the Trojan war about 78 years after
the death of Solomon. -

The expedition of Seſoſtris was one Ge

neration earlier than the Argonautic expe
dition: for in his return back into Egypt he
left AEeter in Colchir, and Æetes reigned
there’till the Argonautic expedition; and
Trometheus was left by Seſoſtris with a
body of men at Mount Caucaſus, to guard
that paſs, and after thirty years was releaſed
by Hercules the Argonaut ; and Phlyas
and Eumedom, the ſons of the great Bac
thus, ſo the Poets callSeſoſtris, and of Ari
adme the daughter of Minor, were Argo
nauts. At the return of Seſoſtris into E
gypt, his brother Panaus fled from him in
to Greece with his fifty daughters, in a long
ſhip; after the pattern of which the ſhip Ar
go was built ; and Argus, the ſon of Da
maur, was the maſter-builder thereof. Nau
plius the Argonaut was born in Greece, of
Amymone, one of the daughters of Danaus,
and of Neptune, the brother and admiral of
Seſoſtris : And two others of the daugh
ters of Danaur married Archander and
Archiliter, the ſons of Athaeus, the ſon of
Creuſa, the daughter of Erechtheus King
of Athens; and therefore the daughters of
- - F 2, ‘Da
 - *

68 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
‘Danaur were three Generations younger
than Erechtheus ; and by conſequence
contemporary to Theſeus theſon of Æge
us, the adopted ſon of Pandion, the ſon of
Frechtheur. Theſeus, in the time of the
Argonautic expedition, was about $o
years of age, and ſo was born about the 23d
carofsolomon for he ſtole Helena” juſt
*Apol
lon. Ar efore that expedition, being then 59 years
gonaut. old, and ſhe but ſeven, or as ſome ſay ten.
1. I. v. ?irithous the ſon of Ixiom helped Theſeus'
!o I. to ſteal Helena, and then f Theſeus went
+ Plu with Pirithous to ſteal Perſephone, the
tarch in
Theſeo.
daughter of Aidomeus, or Orcus, King of
the Moloſſams, and was taken in the aëti
on ; and whilſt he lay in priſon, Caſtor and
‘Pollux returning from the Argonautic ex
pedition, releaſed their ſiſter Helena, and
captivated Athra the mother of Theſeus.
Now the daughters of Danaus being con
temporary to Theſeur, and ſome of their
ſons being Argonauts, Danaus with his
daughters fled from his brother Seſoſtris
into Greece about one Generation before
the Argonautic expedition ; and therefore
Seſoſtris returned into Egypt in the Reign
of Rehoboam. He came out of Egypt in
* Dio the fifth year of Rehoboam,” and ſpent nine
dor.h. I. K. in that expedition, againſt the Eaſtern
Nations and Greece; and therefore return
P. 35.
edback into Egypt, in the fourteenth year
of Rehoboam. Seſac and Seſºſºris were
therefore Kings of all Egypt, at one and
- the
 of the G R E E ks. 69.
the ſame time: and they agree not only in
the time, but alſo in their actions and con
queſts.God gave Seſac nighnn n-hop the
Kingdoms of the lands, 2 Chron. xii. Where
Herodotus deſcribes the expedition of Še
ſoftris, joſephus * tells us that he deſcrib * Jo
ed the expedition of Seſac, and attributed ſeph.
his actions to Seſoſtris, erring only in the Antiq.
name of the King. Corruptions of names 1.4, c.8,
are frequent in hiſtory: Seſºſrir was o
j called Seſochrir, Seſochir, Seſº
oſis, Sethoſis, Seſonehir, Seſonchoſis. Take
away the Greek termination, and the
names become Seſºſ?, Seſoch, Seſbos, Se
thor, Seſonth : which names differ very
little from Seſach. Seſonchis and Seſach
differ no more than Memphis and Moph,
two names of the ſame city. joſephus f. ºf Con
tells us alſo, from Mametho, that Sethoſ: tra Api
was the brother of Armais, and that theſe on. l. I.
brothers were otherwiſe called Ægyptus
and Danaur; and that upon the return of
Sethoſis or Ægyptus from his great con
queſts into Egypt, Armais or Danaus fled
from him into Greece.
Egypt, was at firſt, divided into many
ſmall Kingdoms, like other nations ; and
grew into one monarchy by degrees: and
the father of Solomon's Queen, was the
firſt King of Egypt, who came into Phae
micia with an Army: but he only took Ge
gir, and gave it to his daughter. Seſac,
the next King, came out of Egypt with an
F 3 army
7o Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
army of Libyans, Trogloditer and Ethio
pians, 2 Chron. xii. 3. and therefore was
then King of all thoſe countries; and we do
not read in Scripture, that any former King
of Egypt, who reigned over all thoſe nati
ons, came out of Egypt with a great army
to conquer other countries. The ſacred hi
ſtory of the Iſraeliter, from the days of A
braham to the days of Solomon, admits of
no ſuch conqueror. Seſºſtris reigned over
all the ſame nations of the Libyanſ, Tro
glodites and Ethiopians, and came out of
Ægypt with a great army to conquer other
Kingdoms. The Shepherds reigned long
in the lower part of Egypt, and were expel
led thence, juſt before the building of je
ruſalem and the Temple; according to
Mametho; and whilſt they reigned in the
lower part of Egypt, the upper º thereof
was under other Kings: and while Egypt,
was divided into ſeveral Kijé.
was no room for any ſuch King of all Egypt
as Seſºſtris ; and no hiſtorian makes him la
ter than Seſac: and therefore he was one
and the ſame King of Egypt with Seſac.
This is no new opinion: }oſephus diſco
vered it when he affirmed that Herodotus
erred, in aſcribing the actions of Seſac to
Seſoſtris, and that the error was only in the
name of the King: for this is as much as to
ſay..that the true name of him who did thoſe
things deſcribed by Herodotus was Seſac ;
and that Herodotus erred only in calling
him.
 of the G R E E Ks. 7I
him Seſoſtris; or that he was called Seſoſ:
tris by a corruption of his name. Our
great Chronologer, Sir John Marſham,
was alſo of opinion that Seſoſrit was Se
ſac: and if this be granted, it is then moſt
certain that Seſoſtris came out of Egypt in
the 5th year of Rehoboam, to invade the na-.
tions, and returned back into Egypt, in the
14th year of thatking and that?)anaus then
flying from his brother, came into Greece,
within a year or 2 after : and the Argonau
tic expedition being one Generation later
than that invaſion, and than the coming of
‘Danaus into Greece, was certainly about
40 or 45 years later than the death of Solo
mon. Prometheus ſtay’don Mount Cau
taſk: “thirty years, and then was releaſed “Hygin
by Hercules; and therefore the Argonau-Fab.
tic expedition, was thirty years after Pro- 144,
metheus had been left on Mount Caucaſus
by Seſoſtris, that is about 44 years after the
death of Solomon. .

All nations, before the juſt length of the

Solar year was known, reckoned months
by the courſe of the Moon; and years by + Gen.
thef returns of winter and ſummer, ſpring i. 14.8.
and autumn; and in making Calendars for viii. 22.
their Feſtivals, they reckoned thirty days Cenſo
to a Lunar month, and twelve Lunar rinus
months to a year; taking the neareſt round . º
numbers: whence came the diviſion of the #. i.
Ecliptic into 360 degrees. So in the time v.
of Noah's flood, when the Moon could not Gemi
- be nus c. 6.
 72 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
be ſeen, Noah reckoned thirty days to a
. ... month; but if the Moon appeared a day or
**Cice- two before the end of the month, ,” they
% ... began the next month with the firſt day of
** her appearing; and this was done generally,
, till the Egyptians of Thebair found the
jº. length of the Solar year. Sof Diodorus
** tº tells us that the Egyptians of Thebais uſe
no intercalary months, nor ſubdućf any
days [from the month] as is done by moſt of
*Cice- the Greeks. And * Cicero, eſt conſuetudo
ro in Siculorum caeterorumque Graecorum, quod
Verrem ſilos dies menſeſque congruere volunt cum
Solis Lunaeque ratione, ut mommumquam
ſºuld diſcrepet, eximant unum aliquem
diem aut ſummum biduum ex menſe [civili
dierum trigintal quor illi tºaſterigº dies no
minant. And Proclus upon Heſſod's relaxie,
ºf Gem. mentions the ſame thing. And f Geminus :
p. 6. II&#347ts 38 y roi; &#xa!ous, 78; uty uńwas ºvery x2:
72 ouxſway, 78; J's aviavr&; x20 fiator. Tº 23 Jré
Tów Vºuzy, 3 7&v xºnquºy ragaſys'aağuevor, 78 Svery
xa72 y', ſouv tá ràreta, Hºvas, ipêeat, inaut&s'
78to Juixador & rails; oi "Exanve: 7; 78; wir ºwtavr&s
quiz?4va's 3)ay tº fixio' was ſº hu%as º 78; uſiva;
7; asañry. Åsa J & tº wºw ka?' inton &year 784 ºvtav
786, 73 regi Tຠdwa &c & as tº ºvuzuri Tä, ävrés
Svale, Toi, 3-di, ºritexãzi et, º Thy pir hapuhr Sw
via, Jº rail?, warg tº Éae ov/lixão Sar Tây Jº St
pivºv, x272 to Sápot' duoſo; Jé º kata tº Aouzºs
wagº; ſº first was ºvrä; 3 vaſa, Tia'ſelv. Tºro 73 u
ºréxaćov rºoquyès, 3 xexeptagévoy #val ris Šećis.
Tºro Jº 3 aw: áz & Jürauza yºzºat, ºf whai apozai,
23 at langepfa, regi rā; a vrés Th78, Yiywot;10. Tº Je
xaſ & as ºrny gyev re. Hué, a , to 81%, is tº drºx4
Sws Tois & a sañºs portagdis was roanyºpias # ºut
for
 of the G R E E K s. 73
II FÀv yivszSau. &aeâ 58 ? * asafivns oatuvuôs iu rfwrw
yofiau * iuspów watopog&a$ma aw. 'Ev fi uèm jê íiuéte,
vía i a4» firn waivstat, xatà avvaxoupì» vtounvia rpow
myopsvSn* äp % Ji iuâ;* * Jsvr£pav φάσιν τοιάrat,
J^autâpav zrfowny6gevaav* * J'é xatà uάσον έ μηνός
vuvogávm* p&auv ά σελήνns, &a 3 &vr§ fé avu€aivoylcs
J1Xounriar àx&aewar. £ xaSoxw ^à réza* τάς ἐμάgas
êrê í í agxfivwg %atuauêy rpoway6paaaav. 3©er & 3*
sr;uaxov)v d$ gw34 iu%av άσχ&rns %aa* daeà &v7$ %
wvu£airo/los t}uax&^a äxáAazar. 'Propo/ìtum
emim fuit veteribur, mem/ex quidem agere
fecumdum Lumam, ammor vero fecumdum
Solem. Quod emim a legibus & Oraculis
praecipiebatur, ut /acrificaremt /ecumdum
tria, videlicet patria, mem/ès, dies, am
mor ; hoc ita diffim&fe faciebamt umiverß
Graeci, ut ammor ageremt comgruemter cum
Sole, dies vero & mem/ès cum Luma. Por
ro fècumdum Solem ammos agere, eff circa
ea/äem tempeftates ammi eadem facrificia
£/)iis perfici, & vermum facrifícium /em
per im vere com/ummari, aeffivum autem im
affate : fimi/iter & im reliquis ammi tem
poribus eadem fàcrificia cadere. Hoc emim
putabamt acceptum & gratum effe %Diis.
Hoc autem aliter fieri mom poffèt miß com
ver/ìomes /3/ffitiales § aeqüimo&fia im ìi^
dem Zodiaci locis fieremt.^ Secumalum Lu
μam vero dies agere ef? tale ut comgruamt
cum Lumae i//umi/iationibus appellatiomer
dierum. Nam a Luuae i//umimatìomìòus
appe//atiome* dierum fumt demomimatae.
Im qua emim die Luma apparet mova, ea per
Synalaphem, feu compo/îtionem raopyria, j!
e
-
 74. Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
eſt, Novilumium appellatur. In qua vero
die ſecundam facit apparitionem, eam
ſecundam Lunam vocarunt. Apparitio
mem Lunae quae circa medium menſºr fit, ab
ipſo eventu Juxºsyfar, id eſt medietateme
menſºr nominarumt. Ac ſummatim, omney
dies a Lunae illuminationibus denomina
runt. Unde etiam triceſimam menſºr diem
cum ultima ſt, ab ipſo eventu Tilakaſa vo
Carſt?!?. 4. - -

The ancient Calendar year ofthe Greeks

conſiſted therefore of twelve Lunar months
and every month, of thirty days; and theſe
years and months they correóted from time
to time, by the courſes of the Sun and
Moon, omitting a day or two in the month,
as often as they found the month too long
for the courſe of the Moon; and adding a
month to the year, as often as they found
the twelve Lunar months too ſhort for the
* Apud return of the four ſeaſons. Cleobulus * one
Laer- of the ſeven wiſe men of Greece, alluded
tium, in to this year of the Greeks, in his Parable
Cleobu which
of one father whodaughters,
had twelvehalf
ſons, eachand
of
lo. had thirty white
+ Apud half black; and Thales f called the laſt day
Laetti- of the month retawaſa, the thirtieth : and
um, in Soloncounted the ten laſt days of the month
Thalete backward from the thirtieth, calling that
Plu. ... day way 3 year the old and the new, or
tarch in the laſt day of the old month and the firſt
Solone. day of the new : for he introduced months

of 29 and 30 days alternately making º

tillſ*

|
 of the G R E E ks. 75
thirtieth day of every other month, to be
the firſt day of the next month. § Cen
To the twelve Lunar months @ the anci ſorinus’
ent Greeks added a thirteenth, every other c. 18.
year, which made their Pieteris; and be Herod.
cauſe this reckoning made their year too l. 2 pro
long by a month, in eight years, they omit pe initi
ted an intercalary month once in eight UIIl.
ears, which made their O&#aeteris, one
}. of which, was their Tetraeterij : And
theſe Periods ſeem to have been almoſt as
old as the religions of Greece, being uſed in
divers of the $acra. The * O&#aeterås was
the Annus magnus of Cadmus and Minor, *Apol
and ſeems to have been brought into Greece lodor,
3. P.
l.
and Crete by the Phaemicians, who came I69.
thither with Cadmus and Europa, and to Strabo
havecontinued 'till after the days of Hero 1. 16. p.
dotus : for in counting the length of ſeven 476.
ty years, f, he reckons thirty days to a Lu Homer.
nar month, and twelve ſuch months, or Odyſſ.
l. v.
360 days, to the ordinary year, without the
intercalary months, .25 ſuch months to 179.
+ He
the Dieteris ; and according to the number rod. l. 1.
of days in the Calendar year of the Greeks,
‘7)emetriur Phalereus had 360Statues erec
ted to him by the Athenians. But the
Greeks, Cleoſtratur, Harpalus and others,
to make their months agree better with the
courſe of the Moon, in the times of the
‘Perſian Empire, varied the manner of in
tercaling the three months in the Očaete
r13 ,
 76 Of the C H R o No Lo Gy
ris ; and Meton found out the Cycle of in
tercaling ſeven months in nineteen years.
The Ancient year of the Latines was
+ Plu alſo Luni-ſolar; for Plutarch f tells us,
tarch.
in Nu: that the year of Numa conſiſted of twelve
H12. Lunar months, with intercalary months,
to make up what the twelve Lunar months
wanted of the Solar year. The Ancient
year of the Egyptians was alſo Luni-ſolar
and continued to be ſo 'till the days of Hy
perion, or Oſiris, a King of Egypt, the fa
ther of Helius and Selene, or Orus and
Bubaſte: For the Iſraelites brought this
*Dio year out of Egypt; and Diodorus tells*
dor. l. 3. us that Ouranus the father of Hyperion.
p. I 33. uſed this year, and f that in the Temple of
+ Dio
dor. l. 1.
Oſiris the Prieſts appointed thereunto filled
360 Milk Bowls every day : I think he
P. 13. means one Bowl every day, in all 360, to
count the number of days in the Calendar
§ and thereby to find out the difference
etween this and the true Solar year: for
the year of 360 days was the year, to the
end of which they added five days.
That the Iſraelites uſed the Luni-ſolar
§ is beyond Queſtion. Their months
Yegan with the new Moons. Their firſt
month was called Abib, from the earing of
Corn in that month. Their Paſſover was
kept from the fourteenth day of the firſt
month, the Moon being then in the full.
And if the Corn was not then ripe enough
for offering the firſt Fruits, the Feſtival was
put
 of the G R E E ks. 77
put off, by adding an intercalary month to
the end of the year; and the harveſt was got
in before the Pentecoſt, and the other
Fruits gathered before the Feaſt of the ſe
venth month.
Simplicius in his commentary * on the Apud
firſt of Ariſtotle's Phyſical Acroaſis, tells T. -

us, that ſºme begin the year upon the Sum- dorum
mer Solffice, as the 3. of Attica; or Gazam
upon the Autumnal Equinox, as the Peo- de men
ple of Aſia; or in Winter, as the Romans; fibus.
or about the Vernal Equinox, as the Ara
bians and People of Damaſcus; and the
month began, according to ſome, upon the
Full Moon, or upon the New. The years
of all theſe Nations were therefore Luni
ſolar, and kept to the four Seaſons: and the
Roman year began at firſt in Spring, as I
ſeem to gather from the Names of their
Months, §. Sextilis, September,
Oćtober, November, ‘December: and the
beginning was afterwards removed to Win
ter. The ancient civil year ofthe Aſſyri
ams and Babylonians was alſo Luni-ſolar:
for this year was alſo uſed by the Samari
tams, who came from ſeveral parts of the
Aſſyrian Empire; and the jews who came
from Babylon called the months of their
Luni-ſolar year after the Names of the
months of the Babylonian year: and Bero
ſur" tells us that the #. celebra º Aoud
ted the Feaſt Sacaea upon the 16th day of A.
the month Lour, which was alunarmonth næum,
of 1.4.
 w

78 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
of the Macedonians, and kept to one and
the ſame Seaſon of the year; and the Ara
+ Sui
bians, a Nation who peopled Babylon, uſe
das in Lunar months to this day. Suidari tells
Žápot. us, that the Sarus of the Chaldean r con
tains 2.22 Lunar months, which are eigh
teen years, conſiſting each of twelve Lunar
*He
months, beſides ſix intercalary months:
rod. 1.
and when * Cyrus cut the River Gindus
into 360 Channels, he ſeems to have allu
ded unto the number of days in the Calen
dar year of the Medes and Perſians : and
+ Julia the Emperor julian f writes, For when
Or: 4. all other ‘People, that I may ſay it in one
word, accommodate their months to the
courſe of the Moon, we alone with the E
#. meaſure the days of the year by
#he courſe of the Sun.
At length the Egyptians, for the ſake of
Navigation, º: themſelves to obſerve
the Stars; and by their Heliacal Riſings and
Settings found the true Solar year to be five
days longer than the Calendar year, and
therefore added five days to the twelve
Calendar months, making the Solar year to
# Stra
conſiſt of twelve months and five days.
Strabo * and S Piodorus aſcribe this in
bol. 17.
.816. vention to the Egyptians of Thebes. The
§: Theban ‘Prieſts, faith Strabo, are above o
dor.l. I. thers ſaid to be Affronomers and Philoſo
p. 32. phers. They invented the reckoning of
dayſ not by the courſe of the Moon, but by
the courſe of the Sun. To twelve *:::
€40
 of the G R E E Ks. 79
each of thirty days, they add yearly fue
days. In memory of this Emendation of
thedays
al yeartothey dedicated
Oſiris, the ſenior,
Iſºr, Orus five addition-
Typhon, 4 Plu
tarch.

and Nephthe the wife of Typhon, feigning º

that thoſe days were added to the year .
when theſe five Princes were born, that is, Djor.
in the º of Ouramur, or Ammon, the 1. I. P.
father of Seſac : and in * the Sepulchre of 9.
Amenophis, who reigned ſoon after, they “Heca
placed a Golden Circle of 365 cubits in taeus a:
compaſs, and divided it into 365 equal º: pud Di
to repreſent all the days in the year,an no- dor. 1. I
ted upon each part the Heliacal Riſings and P-3°.
Settings of the Stars on that day; which
Circle remained there till the invaſion of
Egypt by Cambyſes King of Perſa. Till
the Reign of Ouranus, the father of Hype
rion, and grandfather of Helius and Selene,
the Egyptians uſed the old Luni-ſolar
year; but in his Reign, that is, in the Reign
of Ammon, the father of Oſiris or Seſac,
and grandfather of Orus and Bubaſte, the
Theſſam, began to apply themſelves to Na
vigation and Aſtronomy, and by the Heli
acal Riſings and Settings of the Stars deter
mined the length of the Solar year; and to
the old {j. year added five days, and
dedicated them to his five children above
mentioned, as their birth . and in the
Reign of Amenophis, when by further Ob
ſervations .had ſufficiently determined
the time of the Solſtices, they might place
- the
so of the CHR on o Lo Gy
the beginning of this new year upon the
Vernal Equinox. This year being at length
propagated into Chaldea, gave occaſion to |
the year of Nabonaffar; for the years of
Nabonaffar and thoſe of Egypt began on
one and the ſame day, called by them
Thoth, and were equal and in all reſpects
the ſame: and the firſt year of Nabonaffar
began on the 26th day of February of the
; Roman year, ſeven hundred forty and
ſeven years before the Vulgar Æra of Chriſt
and thirty and three days and five hours be
fore the Vernal Equinox, according to the
Sun's mean motion; for it is not likely that
the Equation of the Sun's motion ſhould be
known in the infancy of Aſtronomy. Now
reckoning that the year of 365 days, wants
five hours and 49 minutes of the Equinoc
tial year; the beginning of this year will
move backwards thirty and three days and
five hours in 137 years : and by conſe
quence this year began at firſt in Egypt
upon the Vernal Equinox, according to the
Sun's mean motion, 137 years before the
AEra of Nabomaſor began; that is, in the
year of the julian Period 383 o, or 96 years
after the death of Solomon ; and if it began
upon the next day after the Vernal Equi
nox, it might begin four years earlier; and
about that time ended the Reign of Ameno
phis ; for he came not from Suſa to the
Trøyam war, but died afterwards in Egypt.
This year was received by the Perſian Em
pire
 of the GRE Eks. 81.
pire from the Babylonian; and the Greek:
alſo uſed it in the Æra Philippaea, dated
from the Death of Alexander the Great ;
and julius Caeſar corrected it, by adding
a day in every four years, and made it the
year of the Romans. -

Syncellus tells us, that the five days

were added to the old year by the laſt King
of the Shepherds ; and the difference in
time, between the reign of this King, and
that of Ammon, is but ſmall; for the reign
of the Shepherds ended but one Generati
on, or two, before Ammon began to add
thoſe days. But the Shepherds minded
not Arts and Sciences.
The firſt month of the Luni-ſolar year,
by reaſon of the Intercalary month, began
ſometimes a week or a fortnight, before the
Equinox or Solſtice,andſometimes as much
after it. And this year gave occaſion to the
firſt Aſtronomers, whoformedthe Afteråſºr
to place the Equinoxes and Solſtices in the
middles of theConſtellations of Arieſ, Can
cer, Chelae, and Capricorn. Achilles Tati
us * tells us, that ſome antiently placed the *Iſago
Solſtice in the beginning of Cancer, others ge Sečt;
in the eighth degree of Cancer, other: a 2.33 a
Petavio
bout the twelfth degree, and others about edit.
the fifteenth degree thereaf. This vari
ety of opinions proceeded from the pre
ceſſion of the Equinox, then not known to
the Greeks. When the Sphere was firſt
formed, the Solſtice was in the fifteenth
G - de
 32 Of the CHR on ology
degree, or middle of the Conſtellation of
Cancer,theit came into the twelfth, eighth,
fourth, and firſt degree ſucceſſively. Eu
doxus, who flouriſhed about ſixty years
after Meton, and an hundred years before
Aratus, in deſcribing the Sphere of the
Ancients, placed the Solſtices and Equi
noxes in the middles of the Conſtellations
# Hip of Arier, Cancer, Chelae, and Capricorn,
parch. as is affirmed by *Hipparchus Bithymus ;
ad Phae
InOnn. and appears alſo by the Deſcription of the
1. 2. Equinoćtial and Tropical Circles in Ara
Sečt. 3. tur, $ who copied after Eudoxus ; and by
a Peta the poſitions of the Colures of the Equi
vio edit.
noxes and Solſtices, which in the Sphere of
§ Hip Eudoxus, deſcribed by Hipparchus, went
parch. through the middles of thoſe Conſtellati
ad Phae
nom. l. ons. For Hipparchus tells us, that Eu
1. Sečt.
doxus drew the Colure of the Solſtices,
2. through the middle of the great Bear, and
the middle of Cancer, and the neck of Hy
drus, and the Star between the Poop and
Maſt of Argo, and the Taylof the South
Fiſh, and through the middle of Capri
corn, and of Sagitta, and through the neck
and right wing of the Swan, and the left
hand of Cepheus, and that he drew theEqui
noctial Colure, through the left hand of
Arčophylax, and along the middle of his
Body, and croſs the middle of Chelae, and
through the right hand and fore-knee of the
Centaur, and through the flexure of Eri
damus and head of Cetus, and the back of
Aries
 of the GRE Eks. 83
Arter a-croſs, and through the head and
right hand of Perſeur.
ow Chiron delineated exhuate Adur, the
Afteriſms, as the ancient Author of Gigan
tomachia, cited by * Clemens Alexandri- *Strom.
mus, informs us: for Chiron was a pračti- tºp:326,
cal Aſtronomer, as may be there underſtood 35*
alſo of his daughter Hippo : and Muſeus,
the ſon of Eumolpus and maſter of Orphe
tus, and one of the Argonauts, f made a f Laer
Sphere, and is
reekr who reputed
made one;theand
firſt
theamong
Spherethe
it tius
Proemi,
ſelfſhews that it was delineated in the time * *
of the Argonautic expedition; for that ex
pedition is delineated in the Afteriſms, to
gether with ſeveral other ancienter Hiſto
ries of the Greeks, and without any thing
later. There's the golden RAM, the en
ſign of the Veſſel in which Phryxus fled to
Colchis ; the B'O L L, with brazen hoofs,
tamed by jaſon; and the TWINS, CAS
TOR and POLLOX, two of the Argo
nauts, with the S/WAN of Leda their mo
ther. There's the Ship ARGO, and H2.
‘DR‘OS' the watchful Dragon; with Me
dea's C'O P, and a R Zºº; N. upon its
Carcaſs, the Symbol of Death. There's
CHIRON, the maſter of jaſon, with his
ALTAR and SACRIFICE. There's
the Argonaut HERCULES, with his
`… ‘DART and POLTORE falling down;
and the DRAGON, CRAB and LTON, …
whom he ſlew ; and the HARP of the Ar- #:
- G 2. gonaut - --
84. Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
gonaut Orpheus. All theſe relate to the
Argonauts. There's ORION the ſon of .
Neptune, or as ſome ſay, the grandſon of
Minor, with his ‘DOGS and HARE, and
RIVER, and SCORTION. There's
the ſtory of Perſeus in the Conſtellations
of PERSEUS, ANT)ROMET)/A, CE
‘PHEUS.CASSIOPEIA, andCETUS: .
That of Calliſio, and her ſon Arcas, in
‘URSA MAJOR, and ARCTOTPHTL
AX: That of Icareur, and his daughter
Erigone in B O OTES, P LA'US
T R O M and PIRG. O. ‘ORSA MI
NOR relates to one of the Nurſes of jupi
ter, A‘URIGA to Erechthonius, O'PHI
‘UCHUS to Phorbar, SAGITTARIOS
to Crolus, the ſon of the Nurſe of the
Muſes, CAPRICORN to ‘Pam, and A
Q: QAR ITU S to Ganimede. There's
Xriadne's C R O // N, Bellerophon's
HORSE, Neptune's DOLTPHIN, Ga
mimede's EAGL E, Jupiter's GOAT
with her KIT) S. Bacchur’s A S S E S,
and the FISH E J of Pemus and Cupid,
and their Parent the 5'O'UT H FIS H.
Theſe with ‘DELTOTON, are the old
Conſtellations mentioned by Aratus; and
they all relate to the Argonauts, and their
Contemporaries, and to Perſons one or two
Generations older: and nothing later than
that Expedition was delineated there Ori
ginally. ANTINO US and COMA
BERENICES are novel. The Sphere
ſeems
->
 of the G R E E Ks. x5
ſeems therefore to have been formed by
Chiron and Muſeus, for the uſe of the Ar
gonauts : for the Ship Argo was the firſt
longſhip built by the Greeks. Hitherto
they had uſed round veſſels of burden, and
kept within ſight of the ſhore; and now,
upon an Embaſſy to ſeveral Princes, upon
the coaſts of the Euxine and Mediterra
mean Seas, * by the dićtates of the Oracle, "Apolº
and conſent of the Princes of Greece, the lodor.l.
Flower of Greece
tion through were in
the deep, to ſail withShip
a long Expedi-
with à
Sećt.9.
16.

Sails, and guide their Ship by the Stars.

The People of the Iſland Corcyra f attri- + Sui
buted the invention of the Sphere to Nauſſ das in
caa, the daughter of Alcinous, King of the Arayaa
?heaces in that Iſland; and it's moſt pro- **
bable that ſhe had it from the Argonauts,
who f in their return home ſailed to that + Apol.
Iſland, and made ſome ſtay there with her lodoº. 1.
father. So then in the time of the Argo- 1. c. 9.
mautic Expedition, the Cardinal points of Sečt, *ſ-
the Equinoxes and Solſtices were in the
middles of the Conſtellations of Arier,
Cancer. Chelae, and Capricorn.
In the end of the year of our Lord 1689,
the Star called ‘Prima Arietir was in Y.
28°. 51'. oo", with North Latitude 7°. 8".
58". And the Star called ultima caudae A
rietir was in 8, 19°. 3' 47", with North
Latitude 2°. 34. 5". And the Colurus
AEquinočfiorum paſſing through the point
in the middle between thoſe two Stars, *
then,
$6 Of the C H R on o Lo Gy
then cut the Ecliptic in 8 6°. 44; and by
this reckoning the Equinox in the end of
the year 1689, was gone back 36° 44'.
ſince the Argonautic Expedition: ſuppoſ
ing that the ſaid Colure paſſed through the
middle of the Conſtellation of Aries, ac
cording to the delineation of the Ancients.
The Equinox goes back fifty ſeconds in
one year, and one degree in ſeventy and
two years, and by conſequence 36°. 44'.
in 2645 years, which counted back, from
the end of the year of our Lord, 1689, or
beginning of the year 1690, will place the
Argonautic Expedition about 25 years af.
ter the Death of Solomon : but it is not ne
ceſſary that the middle of the Conſtellation
of Aries ſhould be exactly in the middle
between the two Stars called prima Arie
tts and ultima Caudae: and it may be bet
ter to fix the Cardinal points by the Stars,
through which the Colures paſſed in the
primitive Sphere, according to the deſcrip
tion of Eudoxus above recited. By the
Colure of the Equinoxes, I mean a great
Circle paſſing through the Poles of the E
quator, and cutting the Ecliptic in the E
quinoxes in an Angle of 66; degrees, the
complement of the Sun's greateſt Declina
tion; and by the Colume of the Solſtices, I
mean a great Circle, paſſing through the
ſame Poles, and cutting the Ecliptic at
right Angles in the Solſtices: and by the
primitive Sphere, that which was in uſe be
- fore
 of the GREE ks. 87
fore the motions of the Equinoxes and Sol
ſtices were known: now the Colures paſ.
ſed through the following Stars, according
to Eudoxus.
In the back of Aries is a Star of the ſixth
magnitude, marked, by Bayer: in the end
of the year 1689, and beginning of the year
1690, its Longitude was 8.9° 38'45" and
North i. 6°. 7. 56"; and the Colu
rus Equinoćiorum drawn through it, ac
cording to Eudoxus, cuts the Ecliptic in 8.
6°. 58',57". In the head of Cetus are two
Stars of the fourth Magnitude, called v and
ë by Bayer: in the end of the year 1689,
their Longitudes were 8. 4°. 3'. 9". and
8. 3°, 7'. 37", and their South Latitudes
9°. 12'. 26", and 5°. 53'. 7"; and the Co
Jurus Equinoćiorum paſſing in the mid
way between them, cuts the Ecliptic in 8.
6°. 58′. 51". In the extreme flexure of E
ridanus, rightly delineated, is a Star of
the fourth Magnitude, of late referred to
the breaſt of Cetus, and called f by Bayer;
it is the only Star in Eridanus through
which this Colure can paſs; its Longitude,
in the end of the year 1689, was r. 25°.
22. Io". and South Latitude 25°. I5'. 5o"
and the Colurus Equinoëiorum paſſing
through it, cuts the Ecliptic in 8.7°. 12'.
40". In the head of 'Perſeus, rightly deli
neated, is a Star of the fourth Magnitude,
called r by Bayer; the Longitude of this
Star, in the end of the year 1689, was
88 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
8. 23°. 25'30", and North Latitude 34°.
20' 12"; and the Colurus Equinoćiorum
paſſing through it, cuts the Ecliptic in
$3.6°. 18'. 57”. In the right hand of Per
Jeus, rightly delineated, is a Star of the
fourth Magnitude, called n by Bayer; its
Longitude in the end of the year 1689,
was 8, 24”. 25". 27", and North Lati
tude 37°. 26' 5o": and the Colunus E
quinoćiorum paſſing through it, cuts the
Ecliptic in 8. 4.56', 40”; and the fifth
#. of the ſum of the places in which theſe>

ve Columes cut the Ecliptic, is 8.6°. 29°.

15"; and therefore the great Circle which
in the Primitive Sphere according to Eu
doxus, and by conſequence, in the time
of the Argonautic Expedition, was the
Colurur #. paſſing through
the Stars above deſcribed; did, in the end
of the year 1689, cut the Ecliptic in 8:
6°. 29' 15": as nearly as we have been
able to determin by the Obſervations of
the Ancients, which were but coarſe.
In the middle of Camcer, is the South
Aſellus, a Star of the fourth Magnitude,
called by Bayer 4 ; its Longitude in the
end of the year 1689, was sl. 4°. 23". 40”.
In the neck of Hydrus, rightly delineat
ed, is a Star of the fourth Magnitude,
called J by Bayer; its Longitude in the
end of the year 1689, was S. 5°. 59'.
3". Between the poop and maſt of the
Ship Argo, is a Star of the third Magni
tude
 of the GREEKs. 89
tude, called , by Bayer; its Longitude
in the end of that year, was a 7": 5’.
31". In Saggitta is a Star of the ſixth
Magnitude, called 6 by Bayer; its Lon
gitude in the end of the ſame year 1689,
was ~. 6°. 29° 5'3". In the middle of
Capricorn is a Star of the fifth Magni
tude, called , by Bayer; its Longitude
in the end of the ſame year was 2.8°.
25. 55”; and the fifth part of the Summ
of the three firſt Longitudes, and of
the Complements of the two laſt to 18o
Degrees, is Sl. 6... 18.46°. This is the new
Longitude of the old Colurus Solſtitio
rum paſſing through theſe Stars. The
ſame Colurus paſſes alſo in the middle
between the Stars n and z, of the fourth
and fifth Magnitudes, in the neck of the
Swan; being diſtant from each about a
Degree : it paſſeth alſo by the Stark, of
the fourth Magnitude, in the right wing
of the Swan ; and by the Star , of the
fifth Magnitude, in the left hand of Ce
pheus, rightly delineated; and by the
Stars in the tail of the South-Fiſh; and
is at right angles with the Colurus Equi
močtiorum found above: and ſo it hath all
the characters of the Colurus Solſtitio
rum rightly drawn. . -

The two Colurer therefore, which in

the time of the Argonautic Expedition
cut the Ecliptic in the Cardinal Points,
did in the end of the year 1689 cut it
y in
90 Of the C H R o No Lo Gy
in 8.6°. 29'; ºn. 6°. 29'; m. 6°. 29';
and *. 6°. 29'; that is at the diſtance of
* Sign, 6 Degrees and 29 Minutes from
the ği. Points of Chiron; as nearly
as we have been able to determin from
the coarſe obſervations of the Ancients:
and therefore the Cardinal Points, in the
time between that Expedition and the end
of the year 1689, have gone back from
thoſe Colures, one Sign, 6 Degrees and 29
Minutes; which, after the rate of 72.
years to a degree, anſwers to 2.627 years.
Count thoſe years backwards from the end
of the year 1689, or beginning of the
year 1690, and the reckoning will place
the Argonautic Expedition, about 43
years after the death of Solomon.
By the ſame method the place of any
Star in the Primitive Sphere may readily
be found, counting backwards one Sign,
6°. 29', from the Longitude which it had
in the end of the year of our Lord 1689.
So the Longitude of the firſt Star of Aries
in the end of the year 1689 was Y 28°.
51’, as above: count backward I Sign,
6°. 29' and its Longitude, counted from
the Equinox in the middle of the Con
ſtellation of Aries, in the time of the Ar
gonautic expedition, will be 3%. 22°. 22';
and by the ſame way of arguing, the Lon
gitude of the Lucida Pleiadum in the time
of the Argonautic Expedition will be r
19°. 26'. 8”; and the Longitude of Arc
f//7”/4J’
 *

º; " of the GREeks. 91.

turus wº. 13°. 24' 52"; and ſo of any
other Stars.
After the Argonautic Expedition we .
hear no more of Aſtronomy'till the days
of Thaler: Hef revived Aſtronomy, and Haert.
wrote a Book of the Tropics and Equi- in Tha
noxes, and predićted Eclipſes; and Pliny #. 1.
* tells us, that he determined the Occaſius 2. !".
Matutinus of the Pleiades to be upon ºpiº."
the 25th day of the Autumnal Equinox : 1. 13.
and thence ** Petavius computes the c. 23.
Longitude of the Pleiades in Y. 23°. 53': *Pe.
and $y conſequence the Lucida Pleiadum tav.
had,
movedſince
fromthe
theArgonautic
Equinox 4°.Expedition, X.,I.
26'. 52": Diſſ.
and this motion, after the rate of 72 years “*”
to a Degree, anſwers to 320 years: count
theſe years back from the time in which
Thales was a young man fitto apply him
ſelf to Aſtronomical Studies, that is
from about the 41ſt Olympiad, and the
reckoning will place the Argonautic Ex
pedition about 44 years after the death
of Solomon, as above: and in the days
of Thaler, the Solſtices and Equinoxes,
by this reckoning, will have been in the
middle of the eleventh Degrees of the
Signs. But Thaler, in publiſhing his book
about the Tropics and Equinoxes, might
lean a little to the opinion of former
Aſtronomers, ſo as to place them in the
twelfth Degrees of the Signs.
Meton
 92 Of the CHR on O Lo Gy
+Petav. Meton and Eučemon, f in order to
Dočt, publiſh the Lunar Cycle of nineteen years,
Tem.
1.4 c.
obſerved the Summer Solſtice, in the year
26. . . of Nabonaffar 316, the year before the
‘Peloponneſian war began; and Colume/-
*Colu la º tells us, that they placed it in the
mel.
eighth Degree of Cancer, which is at leaſt
1. 9. c.
14.Plin.
ſeven Degrees backwarder than at firſt.
l, 18. c. Now the Equinox, after the rate of a De
25, . gree in ſeventy and two years, goes back
wards ſeven Degrees in 504 years: count
backwards thoſe years, from the 316th
year of Nabonaffar, and the Argonautic
Expedition, will fall upon the 44th year
after the death of Solomon, or thereabout,
as above. And thus you ſee the truth of
what we cited above, out of Achilles Ta
tius; viz. That ſome anciently placed the
Solſtice in the eighth Degree of Cancer,
others about the twelfth Degree, and others
about the fifteenth Degree thereof.
Hipparchus the great Aſtronomer, com.
paring his own Obſervations with thoſe of
former Aſtronomers, concluded firſt of any
man, that the Equinoxes had a motion
backwards, in reſpect of the fixt Stars; and
his opinion was, that they went backwards
one Degree in about an hundred years. He
made his obſervations of the Equinoxes,
between the years of Nabonaffar, 586, and
618: the middle year is 602, which is
286 years after the aforeſaid obſervation of
Meton and Eučemon; and in theſe years,
the
 of the GREE Ks. 93.
the Equinox muſt have gone backward;
four degrees, and ſo have been in the fourth
Degree of Aries, in the days of Hippar
chur, and by conſequence have then gone
back eleven Degrees ſince the Argonautic
Expedition; that is, in Io90 years, ac
cording to the Chronology of the ancient
Gre ºf then in uſe ; and this is after the
rate of about 99 years, or in the next round
number, an hundred years to a Degree, as
was then ſtated by Hipparchus. But it
really went back a Degree in ſeventy and
two years, and eleven Degrees in 792.
years; count theſe 792 years backward,
from the year of Nabonaffar 602, the year
from which we counted the 286 years, and
the reckoning will place the Argonautic
Expedition, about 43 years after the death
of Solomon.The Greeks have thereforemade
the ſº. Expedition about three
hundred years ancienter than the truth, and
thereby given occaſion to the opinion of
the great Hipparchus, that the Equinox
went backward, after the rate ofc.nly a De
gree in an hundred years.
Heſiod tells us, that ſixty days after the
winter Solſtice the Star Aréſurus roſe juſt
at Sunſet: and thence it follows, that He
fºod flouriſhed about an hundred years after
the death of Solomon, or in the Generation
or Age, next after the Trojan war, as He
fºod himſelf.declares. .
Frcm
94. Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
From all theſe circumſtances, grounded
upon the coarſe obſervations of the ancient
Aſtronomers, we may reckon it certain,
that the Argonautic Expedition was not
earlier than the reign of Solomon ; and if
theſe Aſtronomical arguments be added to
the former arguments, taken from the mean
length ofthereigns of Kings, according to
the courſe of nature; from them all we may
ſafely conclude, that the Argonautic Ex
pedition, was after the death of Solomon,
and moſt probably that it was about 43
years after it.
The Trojan war was one Generation lat
er than that Expedition, as was ſaid above,
ſeveral Captains of the Greeks in that war
being ſons of the Argonauts : and the an
cient Greeks reckoned Memnon or Ame
mophis, King of Egypt, to have reigned in
the times of that war, feigning him to be
the ſon of Tithonus, the elder brother of
‘Priam, and in the end of that war, to have
come from Suſa to the aſſiſtance of Priam.
Amenophis was therefore of the ſame age
with the elder children of Priam, and was
with his army at Suſa, in the laſt year of
that war: and after he had there finiſhed
the Memnonia, he might return into E
gypt, and adorn it with Buildings, and Obe
lisks, and Statues, and die there about 90 or
95 years after the death of Solomon; when
he had determined and ſettled the begin
ning of the new Egyptian year of 365 days
- upon
 of the G R E E ks. 95
upon the Vernal Equinox, ſo as to deſerve
the Monument above-mentioned in memo
ry thereof.
Rehoboam was born in the laſt year of
King Zavid, being 41 years old at the
Death of Solomon, I Kings, xiv. 21. and
therefore his father Solomon was probably
born in the 18th year of King ‘David's
reign, or before; and two or three years be
fore his Birth, Pavid beſieged Rabbah the
Metropolis of the Ammonites, and com
mitted adultery with Bathſheba; and the
year before this ſiege began, David van
lº. the Ammoniter, and their Confe
erates, the Syrians of Zobah, and Rehob,
and Iſhtob, and Maacah, and Damaſcus,
and extended his Dominion over all theſe
Nations, as far as to the entring in of Ha
*math, and the River Euphrates; and be
fore this war began, he ſmote Moab, and
Ammon, and Edom, and made the Edo
mites fly, ſome of them into Egypt with
their King Hadad, then a little child; and
others to the Philiſims, where they forti
fied Azoth againſt Iſrael; and others, I
think, to the Perſian Gulph, and other
places whither they could eſcape: and be
fore this he had ſeveral Battles with the
7°hiliſims; and all this was after the eighth
ear of his reign, in which he came from
Hebron to jeruſalem. We cannot err
therefore above two or three years, if we
place this Wićtory over Edom, in the ele
venth
 *

96 Of the CHR on ology

venth or twelfth year of his reign; and that
over Ammon and the Syrians, in the four
teenth. After the flight of Edom, the King
of Edom grew up, and married Tahaphemes
or Daphnis, the ſiſter of Pharaoh's Queen,
and before the Death of Pavid, had by her
a ſon, called Gemubah, and this ſon was
brought up among the children of Phara
oh , and among theſe children was the
chief or firſt born of her mother's children,
whom Solomon married in the beginning of
his reign; and her little ſiſter who at that
time had no breafts, and her brother, who
then ſucked the breafts of his mother,
Cant. vi. 9. and viii. 1, 8; and of about
the ſame Age with theſe children, was Je
ſac or ; ris ; for he became King of
AEgypt in the reign of Solomon, 1 Kings xi,
4o. and before he began to reign he warred
under his father, and whilſt he was very
young, conquered Arabia, Troglodytica,
and Libya, and then invaded Ethiopia;
and ſucceeding his father, reigned’till the
fifth year of Aſa; and therefore he was
ofabout the ſame age with the children of
‘Pharaoh above-mentioned; and might be
one of them, and be born near the end of
‘David's reign, and be about 46 years old
when he came out of Egypt, with a great
Army to invade the É : and by reaſon
of his great Conqueſts, he was celebrated
in ſeveral Nations, by ſeveral Names. The
Chaldeans called him Belur,
-
whº, in
tºl C11.
 of the G RE Eks. 97
their Language, ſignified the Lord: the
Arabiams called him Bacchus, which in
their Language, ſignified, the Great : the
Thrygians and Thracians, called him Ma
fors, Mavors, Mars, which ſignified, the
Waliant : and thence the Amazons, whom
he carried from Thrace, and left at Ther
modon, called themſelves the daughters of
Mars. The Egyptians before his Reign,
called him their Hero or Hercules ; and af.
ter his death, by reaſon of his great works
done to the River Nile, dedicated that Ri
ver to him, and deified him by its names
Sihor, Nilus, and Ægyptus; and the
Greeks hearing them lament O Sihor, Bou
Sihor, called him Oſiris and Buſirir. Ar
rian * tellsus, that the Arabians worſhip * Arri
ped only two Gods, Caelur and Dionyſus ; an. 1.7.
and that they worſhipped Dionyſus for the
lory of leading his Army into India. The
§. of the Arabians was Bacchus,
and all agree, that Batchus was the ſame
King of Egypt with Oſiris : and the Cae
/us, or ‘Uranus, or jupiter ‘Uranius of
the Arabians, I take to be the ſame King
of Egypt with his father Ammon, accor
ding to the Poet; -

Quamvis AEthiopum populis, Arabum

que beatis -

Gentibus, atque Indis unus ſit jupiter

Ammon. -

H . I
-
98. Of the CHR on ology
I place the end of the Reign of Seſar upon
the fifth year of A %.in thatyear Aſa
became free from the Dominion of Egypt,
ſo as to be able to fortify judea, and raiſe
that great Army with which he met Ze
rah, and routed him. Oſiris was therefore
flain in the fifth year of Aſa, by his bro:
ther japetus, whom the Egyptians called
73phon, Python, and Neptune; and then
the Libyanſ, under japetus, and his ſon
'Atlas, invaded Egypt, and raiſed that
famous war between the Gods and Giants,
from whence the Nile had the name of E
ridanus ; but Orus the ſon of Oſiris, by
the aſſiſtance of the Ethiopians, prevail
ed, and reigned’till the 15th year of Aſa :
and then ; Ethiopians id: Zerah in
vaded Egypt, drowned Orus in Eridanus,
and were routed by Aſa, ſo that Zerah
could not recover himſelf. Zerah was
ſucceeded by Amenophis, a youth of the
Royal Family of the Ethiopians, and I
think theſon of Zerah; but the People of
, the lower Egypt revolted from him, and
ſetup Oſarſphins over them, and called to
their aſſiſtance a great body of men from
WPhemicia, I think, apart of the Army of
Aſa ; and thereupon, Amenophis, with the
anº, retired from theº,;:
remains of his father's Army of
to ſ/6%-

phis, and there turned the River Nile into

a new channel, under a new bridge which
i. built between two Mountains; and i:
the
 of the GR E E ks. 99
the ſame time he built and fortified that Ci
ty againſt Oſarſphur, calling it by his own
name, Amenophor Memphis ; and then he
retired into Ethiopia, and ſtayed there 13
years; and then came back with a great Ar
my, and ſubdued the lower Egypt, i.
ling the People which had been called in
from Phaenicia: and this I take to be the
ſecond expulſion of the Shepherds. Dr.
Caffel tells us, that in Coptic this City is . In
called Mamphtha ; whence by contraction Moph.
came its Names Moph, Noph. -

While Amenophis ſtaid in Ethiopia, E

gypt was in its greateſt diſtraction; and then
it was, as I conceive, that the Greeks hear
ing thereof, contrived the Argonautic Ex
pedition, and ſent the flower of Greece in
the Ship Argo, to perſuade the Nations up
on the Sea 3. of the Euxine and Medi
terranean Sear, to revolt from Egypt, and
ſetup for themſelves, as the Libyans, Ethi
opianſ, and jews, had done before. And
this is a further argument for placing that
. about 43 years after the Death
of Solomon; this Period being in the mid
dle of the diſtraćtion of Egypt. Ameno
phis might return from Ethiopia, and con
quer the lower Egypt about eight years af.
ter that Expedition, and having ſettled his
Government over it, he might, for putting
a ſtop to the revolting of the eaſtern Nati
ons, lead his Army into Perſia, and leave
‘Proteas at Memphis, to govern Egyptº
H 2. is
 Ioo Of the C H R O No Lo Gy
his abſence, and ſtay ſome time at Suſa,
and build the Memnonia, fortifying that
City, as the Metropolis of his Dominion
in thoſe parts. -

Androgeus the ſon of Minos, upon his

overcoming in the Athenaea, or quadrenni
al Games at Athens in his youth, was per
fidiouſly ſlain out of envy : and Mimos
thereupon made war upon the Athenians,
and compelled them to ſend every eighth
year to Crete ſeven beardleſs Youths, and
as many young Virgins, to be given as a re
ward to him that ſhould get the Vićtory in
the like Games inſtituted in Crete in ho
nour of Androgeur. Theſe Games ſeem
to have been celebrated in the beginning of
the Očíaeteris, and the Athenaea, in the
beginning of the Tetraeteris, then brought
into Crete andGreece, by the Phaenicians:
and upon the third payment of the tribute
of children, that is, about ſeventeen years
after the ſaid war was at an end, and about
nineteen or twenty years after the death of
. . Androgeur, Theſeus became Vićtor, and
-- returned from Crete with Ariadne, the
# Euan- daughter of Minor; and coming to the Iſ.
thes a- land Naxus or ‘Dia, * Ariadne was there
Pud A- relinquiſhed by him, and taken up by Glau
thenæ cus, an E'gyptian Commander at Sea, and
gº! became thémiſtreſs of the great Bacchus,
º who at that time returned from India in
firgi. Triumph; and f by him ſhe had two ſons,
ſushib. Phlyas and Eumedom, who were Argos
#4. *
mauts,
 of the G R E E Ks. IOI
Hauts. . This Bacchus was caught in bed in
‘Phrygia, with Venuſ the mother of Æne
ar, according to S_Homer; juſt before he s Hom
came over the Helleſpont, and invaded er. Q
Thrace; and he married Ariadne, the dyſſ. 18.
daughter of Minor, according to Heſiod: V. 49*.
tand therefore by the Teſtimony of both +Heſ.
Homer and Heſiod, who wrote before the od.
Greeks and Egyptians corrupted their An- Theo
tiquities, this Bacchus was offe Generation gon. v.
older than the Argonauts ; and ſo being 94ſ.
King of Egypt at the ſame time with Seſoſ.
tris, they muſt be one and the ſame King:
for they agree alſo in their actions, Bacchus
invaded India and Greece, and after he was
routed by the Army of Perſeus, and the
war was compoſed, the Greeks did him
great honours, and built a Temple to him at
Argos, and called it the Temple of the
Creſtan Bacchus, becauſe Aº: was bu
ried in it, as Pauſania. * relates. Ariad- # Pau:
me therefore died in the end of the war, juſt ſan. 1.2.
before the return of Seſoſtris into Egypt, c. 23.
that is, in the 14th year of Rehoboam : She
was taken from Naxus, upon the return of
Bacchus from India, and then became the
Miſtreſs of Bacchus, and accompanied him
in hisTriumphs; and therefore theExpediti
on of Theſeus to Crete, and the death of his
father Ægeus, was about nine or ten years
after the death of Solomon. Theſeus was
then a beardleſs young man, ſuppoſe about
19 or 20 years old, and Androgeus was
H 3 ſlain
 1oz. Of the CHR on O logy
ſlain about twenty years before, being then
about 2.o or 22. }. old; and his father
Minor might be about 25 years older, and
ſo be born about the middle of David's
Reign, and be about ...}. old when he
purſued ‘Daedalus into Sicily: and Europa
and her brother Cadmus might come into
Europe, two or three years before the birth
of Minor. . -

juſtin, in his 18th book, tells us: A rege

Aſtaloniorum expugnati Sidonii mavibus
appulſº Tyron urbem ante annum ** Troja
+ Stra mae cladis condiderunt: And Strabo, f that
bo. 1.16. Aradus was built by the men who fled
§ Iſa. from Zidon. Hence Iſaiah S calls Tyre
xxiii. 2.
the daughter of Zidon, the inhabitants of
I 2.
the Iſle whom the Merchants of Zidon
* I K. have repleniſhed: and * Solomon in the be
chap. 5. ginning of hisReign calls the People of Tyre
V. 6. Zidonianſ. My Servants,ſaith he, in a Meſ:
ſage to Hiram King of Tyre, ſhall be with
thy Servants ; and unto thee will I give
hire forthyServants, according to all that
thou deſireſ?: for thou knoweft that there
is not among us any that can skill to hew
timber like the Zidonians. The new In
habitants of Tyre had not yet loſt the name
of Zidonianſ, nor had the old Inhabitants,
if there were any conſiderable number of
them, gained the Reputation of the new
ones, for skill in hewing of timber, as they
would have done, had navigation been long
in uſe at Tyre. The Artificers who came
from
 of the GREEks, to 3
from Zidan were not dead, and the flight of *-

the Zidonians was in the Reign of Tavid,

and by conſequence in the beginning of the
Reign of Abibalur, the father of Hiram,
and the firſt King of Tyre mentioned in Hiſ
tory. TXavid in the twelfth year of his
Reign, conquered Edom, as above, and made
ſome of the Edomites, and chiefly theMer
chants and Seamen, fly from the Red Sea
to the Philiſims upon the Mediterrane
am, where they fortified Azoth. For" Ste- “Steph:
Phanur tells us: Taº tºler iſ -, -zoºl. 4. in A:
Eººpås Baxxern; ©avyºv- One of the Fug itives zoth,
from the Red Sea built Azoth that is,
a Prince of Edom, who fled from ‘Da
vid, fortified Azoth for the Philiſ im:
againſt him. . The Philiſtims were now
§. very ſtrong, by the acceſs of the
domites and Shepherds, and by their
aſſiſtance invaded and took Zidon, that be
ing a town very convenient for the Mer
chants who fled from the Red Sea; and
then did the Zidonians fly by Sea to Tyre
and Aradur, and to other havens in Aſſa
Minor, Greece, and Libya, with which,
by means oftheir trade, they had been ac
quainted before; the great wars and vićto
fies of David their enemy, prompting them
to fly by Sea: for f they went with a great f Cos
multitude, not to ſeek Europa, as was pre- non:
tended, but to ſeek new Seats, and there- Nº.
fore fled from their enemies; and when *37.
ſome of them fled under Cadmus, and his
 IO4. Of the CHR on o lo Gy
brothers to Cilicia, Aſia minor andGreece,
others fled under other Commanders to
ſeek new Seats in Libya, and there built
* Non many walled towns, as Nommus * affirms:
nus Di and their leader was alſo there called Cad
onyſi mus, which word ſignifies an eaſtern man,
ac.l.. 13. and his wife was called Sithomir, a Zidoni
V. 333.
an. Many from thoſe Cities went after
& ſequ. wards with the great Bacchus in his Ar
mies; and by j. things, the taking of Zi
dom, and the flight of the Zidonians under
Aóibalur, Cadmus, Cilix, Thaſur, Mem
Aliarius, Atymnus, and other Captains, to
Tyre, Aradur, Cilicia, Rhodes, Caria,
Bithynia, Phrygia, Calliffe, Thaſus, Sa
mothrace, Crete, Greece, and Libya, and
the building of Tyre and Thebes, and begin
ning of the Reigns of Abibalus and Cadmus
over thoſe Cities, are fixed upon the fif
teenth or ſixteenth year of David's Reign,
or thereabout. By means of theſe Colonies
of Phaemicians, the people of Caria learnt
fea-affairs, in ſuch ſmall veſſels with oars,
as were then in uſe, and began to frequent
the Greek Seas, and people ſome of the Iſl
ands therein, before the Reign of Minor:
for Cadmus, in coming to Greece, arrived
firſt at Rhodes, an Iſland upon the borders
of Caria, and left there a Colony of Phae
micianſ, who ſacrificed men to Saturm ;
and the Telchines being repulſed by Pho
romeur, retired from Argos to Rhodes with
*horbar, who purged the Iſland from Ser
pents;
 of the GREE Ks. Io;
pents; and Triopas, the ſon of Phorbar,
carried a Colony from Rhoder to Caria,
and there poſſeſſed himſelf of a promonto
ry, thence called Triopium ; and by this,
and ſuch like Colonies, Caria was furniſh
ed with Shipping, and Seamen, and cal
led * 'Phaenice. Strabo and Herodoturf #Athen.
tells us, that the Carer were called Lele- l 4. c.
ges, and became ſubjećt to Minor, and liv- #3;
edfirſt in the Iſlandsofthe Greek Seas, and f Stra
went thence into Caria, a country poſſeſt Pº
before by ſome of the Leleges and Pelaſgi: 3. He
whence it's probable, that when Lelex and ...i.
‘Pelaſgus came firſt intoGreece to ſeeknew
Seats, they left part of their Colonies in Ca
ria, and the neighbouring Iſlands. -

The Zidonians being ſtill poſſeſſed of

the trade of the Mediterranean, as far
weſtward as Greece and Libya, and the
trade of the Red Sea being richer; the Ty
rians traded on the Red Sea in conjunction
with Solomon, and the Kings of judah, 'till
after the Trojan war; and ſo alſo did
the Merchants of Aradus, Arvad, or Ar
pad: for in the Perſian Gulph S were two S
Iſlandscalled Tyre and Aradus, which had j
Temples like the Phenician; and there- **
fore the Tyrians and Aradians ſailed thi
ther, and beyond, to the Coaſts of India,
while the Zidonians frequented the Medi- 4t º
terranean : and hence it is that Homer ce- : &
lebrates Zidon, and makes no mention of 2Kings.
Tyre. But at length, 4t in the Reign of viii. 3,
e- 2.2.
Iog Of the C H R on o Lo Gy
jehoram King of judah, Edom revolted
from the Dominion of judah, and made
themſelves a King; and the trade of judah
and Tyreupon the Red Sea being thereby
interrupted, the Tyrians builtſhips former.
chandiſe upon the Mediterranean, and be
gan there to make long º; to places
not yet frequented by the Zidonians; ſome
of them going to the coaſts of Afric be
yond the Syrter, and building Adrymetum,
Carthage, Leptis, ‘Utica, and Capſa ; and
others going to the Coaſts of Spain, and
building Carteia, Gades and Tarteſur;
and others going further to the Fortunate
Iſlands, and to Britain and Thule. jeho
ram reigned eight years, and the two laſt
years was ſick in his bowels, and before that
fickneſs Edom revolted, becauſe of jeho
ram's wicked Reign : if weplace that revolt
about the middle of the firſt ſix years, it
will fall upon the fifth year of Pygmalion
King of Tyre, and ſo was about twelve or
fifteen years after the taking of Troy: and
then, by reaſon of this revolt, the Tyrians
retired from the Red Sea, and began long
Voyages upon the Mediterranean; for in
the ſeventh year of Pygmalion, his Siſter
‘Dido ſailed to the Coaſt of Afric beyond
the Syrtes, and there built Carthage. This
retiringofthe Tyrians from the Red Sea to
make long Voyages on the Mediterrane
am, together with the flight of the Edo
amites from 7)avid to the Philiſims, gave
occaſion
 of the GREEKs. 107
occaſion to the traditionboth of the ancient
7’erſians, and of the Phaemicians them
ſelves, that the Phaemicians came original
ly from the Red Sea to the coaſts of the
editerranean, and preſently undertook *Herod.l.
long Voyages, as * Herodotus relates: for 1.initio. &
Herodotus, in the beginning of his firſt l.7. circa
book, relates, that the Phaemicians coming medium.
from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean,
and beginning to make long Voyages with
Egyptian and Aſſyrian wares, .# O

ther places came to Argos, and having ſold

their wares, ſeized and carried away into E
gypt, ſome of the Grecian women who
came to buy them; and amongſt thoſewo
men was Io the daughter of Inachus. The
‘Phaenicians therefore came from the Red
Sea, in the days of Io and her brother Pho
romeus King of£3. and by conſequence
at that time when David conquered the E
domiter,and made them fly everyway from
the Red Sea; ſome into Egypt with their
young King, and others to the Philiſtims,
their next neighbours, and the enemies of
‘David. A. this flight gave occaſion to
the Philiſims, to call many places Ery
thra, in memory of their being Erythre
ams or Edomites, and of their coming from
the Erythream Sea; for Erythra was the
name of a City in Ionia, of another in Li
bya, of another in Locris, of another in Bae
otia, of another in Cyprus, of another in
4;talia, of another in Aſia near Chiusà
3Il
 108 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
and Erythia Acra was a promontory in
Libya, and Erythraeum a promontory in
Crete, and Erythror a place near Tybur,
and Erythini, a City or Country in Pa
phlagonia; and the name Erythea or Ery
thrae, was given to the Iſland Gader, peo
+ Solin. c. pled by Phaenicians. So Solinur, f In ca
23. Edit.
Salm. pite Baeticae inſula a continentiſeptingen
tispaſibus memoratur quam Tyrii a rubro
mari profesti Erytheam, Pani ſua lingua
§ Plin.l. 4. Gadir, id eſt ſepem nominarumt. And S
C.2.2.
Pliny, concerning a little Iſland near it;
Erythia dičía eſ quomiam Tyrii Aborigi
mes eorum, orti abłºrythraeo mari fereban
tur. Among the Phaemicians, who came *

* Strabo. with Cadmus into Greece, there were * A.

1 9. P.40t. rabians, and |f Erythreams, or Inhabi
&l. Io.p. tants of the Red Sea, that is Edomites; and
447.
++ Herod. in Thrace there ſettled a People, who were
l.5. circumciſed and called Odomanter, that is,
as ſomethink, Edomiter. Edom, Erythra
and Phaemicia, are names of the ſame ſigni
fication, the words denoting a red colour:
which makes it probable that the Erythre
ams who fled from ‘David, ſettled in great
numbers in Phaemicia, that is, in all the Sea
coaſts of Syria, from Egypt to Zidon; and
by calling themſelves Phaemicians, in the
language of Syria, inſtead of Erythreams,
gave the name of Phaemicia, to all that Sea
*Strabo. coaſt, and to that only. So Strabo :
*ot givyāp ºrg'; tolvina, kzi rs'; 2Bowſe; tº; waſ #13; &roſes:
l, i.P.42. alva rāviv ris Okeay; 4ac, ºrpogrºñºles wal 3& rí táviks; isa
as 1, Jr. & 3 °4×arla isvº,á. Ali; referunt Phae
nicef
 of the GR E E Ks. IO9
mices & Sidonios moſtroy eſſe colonos eorum
qui ſunt in Oceano, addenter illor ideo vo
cari Phaenices [puniceos] quod mare ru
brum ſit.
Strabo * mentioning the firſt men who *Strakol,
left the Sea-coaſts, and ventured out into 1.P.43,
the deep, and undertook long Voyages,
#º, Hercules, jaſon, ‘Olyſes
113. In CS

and Menelaus ; and ſaith that the Domini

on of Minor over the Sea was celebrated,
and the Navigation of the Phemicians who
went beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and
built Cities there, and in the middle of the
Sea-coaſts of Afric, preſently after the
war of Troy. Theſe #. f were +Canaan.
Bochart,
1,
the Tyrians, who at that time built Car
W.C. 34,
thage in Afric, and Carteia in Spain, and
Gades in the Iſland of that name without
the Straights; and gave the name of Her
cules to their chief Leader, becauſe of his
labours and ſucceſs, and that of Heraclea to
the city Carteia which he built. So Stra
bo : § exist, 8', is rº, ºutrápa, Saxária; el; rºw #,?s- $Strabo. l.
Łów is rºro wai xià, 3vrº Karº ſkarrºl rºu, i. rsrlapá .P., 149.
§§.
wowla gaºlois &#6Aoyo; nai rawaii., vaúgaºuáv rors yºvokévn rºw Ieſ Tranſačt.
pāv Āvio Bi Maº Hpakaia; 41ſouz Aáygow &vrºv, iv is kal Tigodëi.
wn; 3, 4}ng. x', Hoakasſay youá(soda, tº rawalév asſavvchai re wiyaw N°359.
vºſcºw, & wrºss. Mon., Calpe ad dextram effe
noſtro mari foray navigantibus, & ad qua
draginta inde ſtadia urbs Carteia vetuſa
ac memorabilis, olim ſtatio navibus Hiſpa
morum. Hanc ab Hercule quidam conditam
aiunt, inter quos effTimoſhenes, qui eam
antiquitur #. fuiſe appellatam
refert, offendique adhuc magnum murorum
- - £47°ttº
 11o Of the C H Ro No Lo Gy
circuitum & navalia. This Herculer, in
memory of his building and Reigning over
* Canaan.
the City Carteia, they called alſo Melcar
l, 1.c. 34. tus, the King of Carteia. Bochart” writes,
#. 682, that Carteia was at firſt called Melcarteia,
from its founder Melcartus, and by an
Aphaereſt, Carteia; and that Melcartus
ſignifies Malee Kartha, the King of the
City, that is, ſaith he, of the City Tyre:
but conſidering that no ancient Author tells
us, that Carteia was ever called Melcar
teia, or that Melcartus was King of Tyre;
I had rather ſay that Melcartus, or Mele
cartur, had his name from being the Foun
der and Governor or Prince of the city Car
teia. Under Melcartus the Tyrians ſail
ed as far as Tarteſus or Tarſhiſh, a place in
the Weſtern part of Spain, between the
two mouths of the river Baetis, and there
theyţmet with muchſilver,which they pur
chaſed for trifles: they ſailed alſo as far as
Britain before the death of Melcartus ; for
• *, 'Pliny tellsus, Plumbum ex Caſteride
inſula primus apportavit, Midacritus:
and Bochart f obſerves that Midacritus isa
Greek name corruptly written for Melcar
tur; Britain beingunknownto the Greeks
long after it was diſcovered by the Phaemi
cians. After the death of Melcartar,
- men, they “built a Temple to him in the Iſland
.º: Gades, and *: it with the ſculptures of •

Apollonii the labours of Hercules, and of his Hydra,

l. 3. c. 1.
#ific and the Horſes to whom he threw Diome
der,
 of the G RE Eks. III
des, º of the Biſoner in Thrace, to be
devoured. In this Temple was the golden
Belt of Teucer, and the golden Olive of
‘Pygmalion bearing Smaragdine fruit:
and by theſe #: gifts of Teu
cer and Pygmalion, you may know that
it was built in their days. Pomponius de
rives it from the times of the Trojan war,
for Teucer ſeven years after that war, ac
cording to the Marbles, arrived at Cyprus,
beingbaniſhed from home by his father Te
Jamom, and there built Salamir: and he and
his Poſterity reigned there’till Evagoras,
the laſt of #: was conquered by the Per
ſians, in the twelfth year of Artaxerxes
Mnemon. Certainly § Tºrian Hercules
could be no older than the Trojan war, be
cauſe the Tyriant did not begin to navigate
the Mediterranean 'till after that war: for
Homer and Heſod knew nothingofthis na
vigation, and the Tyrian Hercules went to
the coaſts of Spain, and was buried in
Gades: ſo Arnobius *; Tyrius Herculer “Arnoh,
/*pultus in finibus Hiſpanie; and Mela, **
Ípeaking of the Temple of Hercules in Ga
er, ſaith, Cur ſºutěžum/toſa ejus ibiſe
palta#. Carthage .." tenths to +Bochart.
this, Hercules, and ſent their payments ..."
yearly to #. and thence it's probable “”
that this Hercules went to the coaſt of -

Afric, as well as to that of Spain, and by sºlº

his diſcoveries prepared the way to ‘Dido: Fºusl. 3.
Oroſſus $ and others tell us that he built šiai.
Capſa there. joſephus tells of *;
Her
jugºriº.
112 of the CHR onology
Hercules to whom Hiram built a Temple
at Tyre; and perhaps there might be alſo
an earlier Hercules of Tyre, who ſet on
foot their trade on the Red Sea in the
days of Davidor Solomon.
Tatian, in his book againſt the Greeks,
relates that amongſt the Phaemicians flou
riſhed three ancient Hiſ orians, Theodotus,
Hyſcrates and Mochus, who all of them
delivered in their hiſtories, tranſlated in
to Greek by Laetus, inder which of the
Kings happened the rapture of Europa; º
the voyage of Menelaus into Phoenicia; and
the league and friendſhip between Solo
mon and Hiram, when Hiram gave his
daughter to Solomon, and furniſhed him
with timber for building the Temple; and
that the ſame is affirmed by Menander of
* Pergamus. Joſephus flets us know that
the Annals of the Tyrians, from the days of
Abibalus and Hiram, Kings of Tyre, were
extant in his days; and that Menander of
‘Pergamus tranſlated them into Greek, and
that Hiram's friendſhip to Solomon, and
aſſiſtance in building the Temple, was men
tioned in them; and that the Temple was
founded in the eleventh year of Hiram:
and by the teſtimony of Menander and the
ancient Phaemician hiſtorians, the rapture
of Europa, and by conſequence the com
ing of her brother Cadmus into Greece,
happened within the time of the Reigns of
the Kings of Tyre delivered in theſe hiſto --

- - rics i
 of the GREE ks. II?
ries; and therefore not before the Reign of
Abibalus, the firſt of them, nor before the
Reign of King David his contemporary.
The voyage of Menelaus might be after the
deſtrućtion of Troy. Solomon therefore
reigned in the times between the raptures
of Europa and Helena, and Europa and
her brother Cadmur flouriſhed in the days
of David. Miº.or, the ſon of Europa,
flouriſhed in the Reign of Solomon, and
part of the Reign of Rehoboam : and the
children of Minor, namely Androgeus his
eldeſt ſon, ZDeucalion his youngeſt ſon and
one of the Argonauts, Ariadne the miſtreſs
of Theſeus and Bacchus, and Phaedra the
wife of Theſeus ; flouriſhed in the latter end
of Solomon, and in the Reigns of Rehobo
am, Abijah, and Aſa: and idomeneus, the
grandſon of Minor, was at the war of Troy:
and Hiram ſucceeded his father Abibalur,
in the three and twentieth year of David:
and Abibalus might found the Kingdom of
Tyreaboutſixteen or eighteen years before,
when Zidan was taken by the Philiſims ;
and the Zidanians fled from thence, under
the conduct of Cadmus and other com
manders, to ſeek new ſeats. Thus by the
Annals of 73re, and the ancient Phaenici
an Hiſtorians who followed them, Abiba
lus, Alymnus, Cadmus, and Europa, fled
from Zidon about the ſixteenth year of
QPavid's Reign; and the Argonautic Ex
g
pedition being later about three Genera
tionS,
 1.14 of the CHR onology
tions, will be about three hundred years
later than where the Greeks have placed
1t.

. After Navigation in longſhips with ſails,

and one order of oars, had been propagated
from Egypt to Phaemicia and Greece, and
thereby the Zidonians had extended their
trade to Greece, and carried it on about an
hundred and fifty years; and then the Ty
rians being driven from the Red-Sea by
the Edomites, had begun a new trade on
the Mediterranean with Spain, Afric,
Britain, and other remote nations; they
carried it on about an hundred and ſixty
º
years; and then the Corinthians to
improve Navigation, by º igger
ſhips with three orders of oars, called Tri
+Thucyd. remes. Forf Thucydides tells us that the
l. 6 finitio. Corinthiams were the firſt of the Greeks.
Fuſeb.
Chr. who built ſuch ſhips, and that a ſhip-carpen
ter of Corinth went thence to $. 21

bout 300 years before the end of the Pelo

ponneſian war, and built alſo four ſhips for
the Samians; and that 260 years before the
end of that war, that is, about the 29th O
lympiad, there was a fight at ſea between
the Corinthians and the Corcyreans,
which was the oldeſt ſea-fight mentioned in
hiſtory. Thucydides tells us further, that
the firſt colony which the Greeks ſent into
Sicily, came from Chalcis in Eubaea, under
the condućt of Thucler, and built Naxus';
and the next year Archias came ñº,
- 7°4?!!
 of the G RE Eks. II 5
rinth with a colony, and builtSyracuſe, and
that Lamir came about the ſame time into
Sicily, with a colony from Megara in A
chaia, and lived firſt at Trotilum, and then
at Leontami, and died at Thapſus near Sy
racuſe; and that after his death, this colony
was invited by Hyblo to Megara in Sicily,
and lived there 245 years, and was then ex
pelled by Gelo King of Sicily. Now Gelo
flouriſhed about 78 years before the end of
the Peloponneſian war: count backwards
the 78 and the 245 years, and about 12.
years more for the Reign of Lamis in Sici
Zy, and the reckoning will place the buildin
of Syracuſe about 335 years before the j
of the Peloponneſian war, or in the tenth
Olympiad; and about that time Euſebius'
.#othersplace it; but it might be twent
or thirty years later, the antiquities of thoſe
days having been raiſed more or leſs by the
Greek.r. From the colonies henceforward
ſent into Italy and Sicily came the name of
Graecia magna.
Thucydides * tells us further, that the
Greeks began to come into Sicily almoſt *Thucyd,
ib.
three hundred years after the Siculi had in
vaded that Iſland with an army out of Ita
by: ſuppoſe it 28o years after, and the
building of Syracuſe 310 years before the
end j Teloponneſian war; and that in
vaſion of Sicily by the Siculi will be 590
years before the end of that war, that is, in
the 27th year of Solomon's Reign, or there
I 2. about.
 II6 Of the C H Ro No Lo Gy
* Apud about, Hellanicus tellsus, that it was in
Dionyſ.l.
I. p. 15. the third Generation before the Irojan war;
and in the 26th year of the Prieſthood of
Alcinoe, Prieſteſs of juno Argiva: and
‘Philiſtius of Syracuſe, that it was 80 years
before the Trojan war: whence it follows
that the Trojan war and Argonautic Expe
dition were later than the days of Solomore
and Rehoboam, and could not be much ear
lier than where we have placed them.
+Herod.l. The Kingdom of Macedon f was found
8.c. 137. ed by Caramus and Perdiccas, who being
of the Race of Temenus King of Argoſ,
fled from Argos in the Reign of Phidon the
brother of Caramur. Temenus was one of
the three brothers who led the Heraclides
into Peloponneſus, and ſhared the conqueſt
...; themſelves: he obtained Argos, and
after im, and his ſon Ciſits, the Kingdom
of Argos became divided among the poſte
rity of Temenus, until Phidon reunited it,
expelling his kindred. Phidon grew potent,
appointed weights and meaſures in Pe
loponneſus, and coined ſilver money; and
removing the Piſeams and Eleans, preſi
ded in the Olympic games; but was ſoon
after ſubdued by the Eleans and Spartans.
+ Herod.]. Herodotus fºreckons that Perdiccar was
8.
the firſt King of Macedon; laterwriters, as
Livy, Pauſamias and Saidar, make Ca
ramus the firſt King: juſtin calls?erdiccar
the ſucceſſor of Caramuy ; and Salimus ſaith
that Perdiccas ſucceeded Caramur; and
was
 of the GR E E ks. II 7
was the firſt that obtained the name of King.
It's probable that Caramus and Perdiccas
were contemporaries, and fled about the
ſame time from Phidom, and at firſt
erected ſmall principalities in Macedo
nia, which, after the death of Cara
mus, became one under Perdiccar. He
rodotus f tells us, that after Perdiccar, # Herod.
reigned Araeus, or Argaeus, Philip, AEro 1.8. c. 139.
pay, Alcetaſ, Amyntas, and Alexander,
ſucceſſively. Alexander was contempo
rary to Xerxes King of Perſia, and
died An. 4. Olymp. 79, and was ſuc
ceeded by Perdiccar, and he by his ſon
Archelaus : and Thucydider f tells us that + Thucyd.
there were eight Kings of Macedon before l. 2. prope
finem.
this Archelaus : now by reckoning above
forty years a-piece to theſe Kings, Chrono
logers have made Phidon and Caramus old
er than the Olympiads; whereas if we
ſhould reckon their Reigns at about 18 or
20 years a-piece one with another, the firſt
feven Reigns counted backwards from the
death of this Alexander, will place the
dominion of Phidon, and the beginning of
the Kingdom of Macedon under Perdic
car and Caramur, upon the 46th or 47th
Olympiad, or thereabout. It could ſcarce
be earlier, becauſe Leocides the ſon of Phi
don, and Megacles the ſon of Alcmaeon, at
one and the ſame time courted Agariſta,
the daughter of Cliffhemes King of Sicyon,
as Herodotus Stells us; and the Amphiéty § Herod.
I 3 0//J’, l.6, c. 127.
118 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
ons, by the advice of Solon, made Alc
maeon, and Clifthemes, and Eurolycus King
of Theſſaly, commanders of their army,
in their war againſt Cirrha; and the Cir
rheans were conquered Am. 2. Olymp. 47.
according to the Marbles. Phidon there
fore and his brother Caramus were contem
porary to Solon, Alcmeon, Chifthemes, and
Furolycus, and flouriſhed about the 48th
and 49th Olympiads. They were alſo
contemporary in their later days to Craſur;
for Solom converſed with Crasſur, and Alc
maeon entertained and condućted the meſ
ſengers whom Craſus ſent to conſult the
Oracle at Delphi, An. I. Olymp. 56. ac
cording to the Marbles, and was ſent for by
Craeſus, and rewarded with much riches.
But the times ſet down in the Marbles
before the Perſian Empire began, being
collected by reckoning the Reigns of
Kings equipöllent to Generations, and three
Generations to an hundred years or above;
and the Reigns of Kings, one with another,
being ſhorter in the proportion of about four
to ſeven; the Chronology ſet down in the
Marbles, until the Conqueſt of Media by
Cyrus, Am. 4. Olymp. 60, will approach the
truth much nearer, by ſhortening the times
before that Conqueſt in the proportion of
four to ſeven. So the Cirrhearts were con
quered An, 2 Olymp. 47, according to the
Marbles, that is 54 years before the Con
*
gueſt of Media; and theſe years beingſhor:
tened
 of the GR E E ks. II 9
tened in the proportion of four to ſeven, be
come 31 years; which ſubducted from An.
4, Olymp. 60, place the Conqueſt of Cirr
ha upon An. I. Olymp. 53 : and, by the
like correction of the Marbles, Alcmaeon
entertained and condućted the meſſengers
whom Craeſius ſent to conſult the Oracle at
‘Delphi, Am. 1. Olymp. 58; that is, four
years before the Conqueſt of Sarder by Cy
rus : and the Tyranny of Piſſtratur,
which by the Marbles began at Athenſ,
An. 4, Olymp. 54, by the like correóti
on began An. 3. Olymp. 57; and by conſe
quence Solon died An. 4. Olymp. 57. This
method may be uſed alone, where other ar
guments are wanting; but where they are
not wanting, the beſt arguments are to be
preferred.
Iphitus * preſided both in the Temple of ºstrabo.
jupiter Olympius, and in the Olympic 18.355.
Games, and ſo did his ſucceſſors, ’till the
26th Olympiad; and ſo long the vićtors
were rewarded with a Tripos : but then the
‘Piſeans getting above the Eleans, began
to preſide, and rewarded the vićtors with a
Crown, and inſtituted the Carnea to Apul
Jo; and continued to preſide’till Phidon in
terrupted them, that is,till about the time of
the 49th Olympiad: for f in the 48th O- #Pauſan,
lympiad, the Eleans entered the country "****
of the Piſeams, ſuſpecting their deſigns,
but were prevailed upon to return home
quietly ; afterwards the Piſeans confede
I 4 rated
 12o Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
rated with ſeveral other Greek nations, and
made war upon the Eleans, and in the end
were beaten: in this war I conceive it was
that Phidon preſided, ſuppoſe in the 49th
+ Pauſan.
ºf c.9.
Olympiad; for f in the §. iad, for
putting an end to the contentions between
the Kings about preſiding, two men were
choſen by lot out of the city Elis to pre
ſide, and their number in the 65th Olympi
ad was increaſed to nine, and afterwards to
ten; and theſe judges were called Helle
modicae, judges for or in the name of Greece.
‘Pauſamiartells us, that the Eleans called
in Phidon, and together with him celebra
ted the 48th Olympiad; he ſhould have ſaid
the 49th Olympiad; but Herodotus tells
us, that Phidon removed the Eleans ; and
both might be true; the Eleans might call
in Phidon againſt the Piſeams, and upon o
vercoming be refuſed preſiding in theolym
picgames by Phidon, and confederate with
the Spartans, and by their aſſiſtance over
throw the Kingdom of Phidon, and recover
their ancient right of preſiding in the games.
+Strabol. Strabo + tells us, that Phidon was the
8.P. 358.
tenth from Tements ; not the tenth King,
for between Ciſus and Phidon they reigned
not, but the tenth from father to ſon, inclu
ding Temenus. If 27 years be reckoned to
a Generation by the eldeſt ſons, the nine in
tervals will amount unto 243 years, which
counted back from the 48th Olympiad, in
which Phidon flouriſhed, will place the Re
turn
 of the GREEKs, 121
turn ofthe Heraclides about fifty years be
fore the beginningofthe Olympiads, as a
bove. But Chronologers reckon about $15
years from the Return of the Heraclides to
the 48th Olympiad, and account Phidon the
ſeventh from Temenus ; which is after the
rate of 85 years to a Generation, and there
fore not to be admitted.
Cyrus took Babylon, according to Pto
Jomy's Canon, nine years before his death,
An. Nabonaff. 209. Am. 2. Olymp.60; and
he took Sardes a little before, namely An.
H. Olymp. 59. as Scaliger colleóts from So
ferater: Crafts was then Kingof Sarder,
and reigned fourteen years, and therefore
began to reign Am. 3, Olymp. 55. After
$olon had made laws for the Athenians, he
obliged them upon oath to obſerve thoſe
laws’till he returned from his travels; and
then travelled ten years, going to #:
and Cyprus, and viſiting Thales of Mile
tas : and upon his return to Athens, Piſſ:
tratus began to affect the Tyrammy of that
city, which made Solon travel a fecond
time, and now he was invited by Craſar to
Sarder; and Crſeſús, before Solon viſited
him, had ſubdued all Aſia minor, as far as to
the River Halys; and therefore he received
thatviſit towards the latter part of hisReign,
and we may place it upon the ninth year
thereof, An. 3. Olymp. 37; and the legiſla
ture of Solon twelve years earlier, An. 3.
Olymp. 54: and that of Draco ſtill ten
years
 I 2.2 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
years earlier, An. 1. Olymp. 52. After So
* Phanias
lon had viſited Craſier, he went into Cili
Eph.ap. cia, and ſome other places, and died” in his
Plut. in vi travels: and this was in the ſecond year of
taSolonis.
the Tyranny of Piſſºratus. Comias was
Archon when Solon returned from his firſt
travels to Athens ; and the next year He
geſtratus was Archon, and Solom died be
fore the end of the year, An. 3 Olymp. 57,
as above: and by this reckoning the ob
jećtion of Plutarch above-mentioned is re
moved. -

We have now ſhewed that the Phaenici

ams of Zidon, under the condućt of Cad
mus and other captains, flying from their
enemies, came into Greece, with letters
and other arts, about the ſixteenth year of
King 7)avid'sReign; that Europatheſiſter
of Cadmus, fled ſome days before him from
Zidon, and came to Crete, and there be
came the mother of Minor, about the 18th
or 20th year of David's Reign; that Seſoſ.
tris and the great Bacchus, and by conſe
quence alſo Oſiris, were one and the ſame
King of Egypt with Seſac, and came out of
Egypt in the fifth year of Rehoboam to in
vade the nations, and died 25 years after So
Jomon; that the Argonautic expedition was
about 43 years after the death of Solomon;
that Troy was taken about 76 or 78 years af
ter the death of Solomon ; that the Phaemi
ciams of Tyre were driven from the Red-Sea
by the Edomites, about 87 years after the
death
 of the G RE Eks. I23
death of Solomon, and within two or three
years began to make long voyages, upon
the Mediterranean, ſailing to Spain, and
beyond, under a commander whom for his
induſtry, condućt, and diſcoveries, they
honoured with the names of Melcartus and
Hercules ; that the return of the Heracli
des into Peloponneſus was about 158 years
after the death of Solomon; that Lycurgus
the Legiſlator reigned at Sparta, and gave
the three Diſcs to the Olympic treaſury,
An. 1. Olymp. 18, or 273 years after #:
death of Solomon, the Quinquertium being
at that time added to the 6; Games;
that the Greeks began ſoon after to build
Trinemes, and to ſend Colonies into Sicily
and Italy, which gave the name of Graecia
magna to thoſe countries; that the firſt
Meſſenian war ended about 350 years af.
ter the death of Solomon, An. I. Olymp. 37,
that Phidon was contemporary to Solon,
and preſided in the Olympic Games in the
49th Olympiad, that is, 397 years after the
death of Solomon, that Draco was Archon,
and made his laws, An. I. Olymp. 52 ; and
Solon, An. 3. Olymp. 54; and that Solom
viſited Craſar, Am. 3. Olymp. 57, or 433
years after the death of Solomon; and Sar
des was taken by Cyrus 438 years, and Ba
bylon by Cyrus 443 years; and Ecbatane
by Cyrus 445 years after the death of Solo
mon: and theſe periods being ſettled, they
become a foundation for building the Chro
nology
124 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
nology of the ancient times upon them; and
nothing more remains for ſettling ſuch a
Chronology, than to make theſe Periods a
little exačter, if it can be, and to ſhew how
the reſt of the Antiquities of Greece, E
gypt, Aſſyria, Chaldea, and Media, may
uit therewith.
Whilſt Bacchus made his expedition into
India, Theſeus left Ariadne in the Iſland
Naxar or ‘Dia, as above, and ſucceeded his
father Ægeus at Athens; and upon the Re
turn of Bacchus from India, Ariadne be
came his miſtreſs, and accompanied him in
his triumphs; and this was about ten years
after the death of Solomon: and from that
time reigned eight Kings in Athens, viz.
Theſeus, Meneſthear, Demophoon, Oxyn
ter, Aphidas, Thymattes, Melamthur, and
Godrus ; theſe Kings, at 19 years a-piece,
one with another, might take up about 152
years, and end about 44 years before the
Olympiads: then reigned twelve Archons
for life, which at 14 or 15 yearsa-piece, the
State being unſtable, might take up about
174 years, and end Am. 2. Olymp. 33: then
reigned ſeven decennial Archons, which
are uſually reckoned at ſeventy years; but
º dying in their Regency, .
forme of
...; not take up #. forty years, and ſo
end about Am. 2. Olymp. 43, about which
time began the ſºft; war: theſe
decennial Archons were followed by the
annual Archons, amongſt whom were the
Legiſla
 of the GREEKs. 125
iſlators, 7}raco and Solon. Soon after
the death of Godruf, his ſecondſon Neleur,
not bearing the Reign of his lame brother
Medom at Athens, retired into Aſia, and
was followed by his youngerbrothers An
drocles and Gyaretur, and many others:
theſe had the name of Ionians, from lon
the ſon of Xuthur, who commanded the
army of the Athenians, at the death of E
rechtheus, and gave the name of Ionia to
the country which they invaded; and about
20 or 25 years after the death of Codrus,
theſe new Colonies, .#now Lords of
Ionia ſet up over themſelves a common
|Council called ‘Panionium, and compoſed
of Counſellors ſent from twelve of their
cities, Miletus, Myur, Priene, Epheſus,
Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenae,
‘Phocaea, Samor, Chior, and Erythraea:
and this was the Homic Migration. -- -- -

When the Greeks and Latimes were for- §:

‘ming their Technical Chronology, there carnaſſi.
were great diſputes about the Antiquity of “***
Rome: the Greeks made it much older than
the Glympiads; ſome of themſaid it was
ºbuilt by ear; others, by Romar, the
ſonorgrandſon of Æneas ; others, by Ro
-mar, the ſon orgrandſon of Latinar, King
of the Aboriginer; others, by Ronus the
fon of Ulyſſes, or of Aſtanius, or of Ita
{u: ; and ſome of the Latines at firſt fellin
with the opinion of the Greeks, ſaying
that it ... by Romulur, the ſon or
grandſon of Ænear. Timaeus Siculus re
preſented
126 Of the CHR on olo Gy
reſented it built by Romulus, the grand
. of Ænear, above an hundred years be
fore the Olympiads; and ſo did Naevius
the Poet, who was twenty years older than
Ennius, and ſerved in the firſt Punic waſh,
and wrote the hiſtory of that war. Hither
to nothing certain was agreed upon, but a
bout 140 or 150 years after the death of A
lexander the Great, they began to ſay that
Rome was built a ſecond time by Romulus,
in the fifteenth Age after the deſtrućtion of
Troy: by Ages they meant Reigns of the
Kings of the Latimes at Alba, and reckon
ed the firſt fourteen Reigns at about 432.
years, and the following Reigns of the ſe
ven Kings of Rome at 244 years, both
which numbers made up the time of about
676 years from the taking of Troy, accor
ding to theſe Chronologers; but are much
too long for the courſe of nature: and by
this reckoning #. placed the building of
Rome upon the ſixth or ſeventh Olympiad;
Warro placed it on the firſt year of the
ſeventh Olympiad, , and was therein
fºly followed by the Roman; ;
ut this can ſcarce be reconciled to the
courſe of nature : for I do not meet with
any inſtance in all hiſtory, ſince Chro
nology was certain, wherein ſeven Kings,
moſt of whom were ſlain, reigned 244
years in continual ſucceſſion. The four
teen Reigns of the Kings of the Latiner,
at twenty years a-piece one with another,
amount unto 28o years, and theſe years
- counted
 of the GREEKs. I27
counted from the taking of Troy, end in the
38th Olympiad; and the ſeven Reigns of
the Kings of Rome, four or five of them be
ing ſlain and one depoſed, may at a mode
rate reckoning amount to fifteen or ſixteen
ł.ears a-piece one with another: let them
reckoned at ſeventeen years a-piece, and
they will amount unto 119 years; which
being counted backwards from the Regi
fuge, end alſo in the 38th Olympiad; and
by theſe two reckonings Rome was built in
#. 38th Olympiad, or thereabout. The
28o years and the 119 years together make
up 399 years, and the ſame number of years
ariſes by counting the twenty and one
Reigns at nineteen years a-piece: and this
being the whole time between the taking of
Troy and the Regifuge, let theſe years be
counted backward from the Regifuge, Am.
1, Olymp. 68, and they will place the tak
ing of Troy about 74 years after the death
of Solomon.
When Seſoſtris returned from Thrace in
to Egypt, he left AEeter with part of his ar
my in Colchiº, to guard that paſs; and
‘Phryxus and his ſiſter Helle fled from Ino,
the daughter of Cadmus, to Æetes ſoon af.
ter, in a ſhip whoſe enſign was a golden
ram: Ino was therefore alive in the four
teenth year of Rehoboam, the year in
which Seſoſtris returned into Egypt; and
by conſequence her father Cadmus flouri
ſhed in the Reign of 7)avid, and not before.
Cadmus was the father of Polydorus, i.
father
128 Of the C H Ro No Lo Gy
father of Labdacur, the father of Laius,
the father of Oedipur, the father of Eteo
eler and Polynicer who flew one another
in their youth, in the war of the ſeven Cap
tains at Theber, about ten or twelve years
after the Argonautic Expedition : and
Therſander, the ſon of Polynicer, warred
at Troy. Theſe Generations being by the
eldeſt ſons who married young, if they be
reckoned at about twenty and #: years to
a Generation, will place the birth of Poly
dorus upon the 18th year of David's
Reign, or thereabout: and thus Cadmus
might be a young man, not yet married,
when he came firſt into Greece. At his firſt
coming he ſail'd to Rhodes, and thence to
Samothrace, an Iſland near Thrace on the
north ſide of Lemnos, and there married
Harmonia, the ſiſter of jaſurand Zarda
mur, which gave occaſion to the Samothra
cian myſteries; and Polydorus might be
their ſon, born a year or two after their
coming; and his fifter Europa might be
then a young woman, in the flower of her
age. Theſe Generations cannot well be
ſhorter; and therefore Cadmus, and his ſon
folydoras, were not younger than we have
reckoned them : nor can they be much
longer, withoutmaking?olydorus too old
to be born in Europe, and to be the ſon of
Harmonia the ſiſter of jaſus. Labdacut
was therefore born in the end of David’s
Reign, Laius in the 24th year of Solomon's,
and Oedipus in the ſeventh of £ehoboam's,
Of
 of the GR E E Ks. 129
br thereabout: unleſs you had rather ſay,
that Polydorus was born at Zidom, before
his father came into Europe; but his name
‘Polydorus is in the language of Greece.
‘Polydorus married Nyāciſ, the daugh
ter of Nyéfeu, a native of Greece, and dy
ing}. left his Kingdom and young ſon
Labdacus under the adminiſtration of Ny
&#eus. Then Epopeur King of Ægialur,
afterwards called Sicyon, ſtole Antiope the
daughter of Nyéfeur,” and Nyéfeu, there * Pauſan, i.
upon made war upon him, and in a battle 2. c. 6.
wherein Nyéfeur overcame, both were
wounded and died ſoon after. Nyéïeur
left the tuition of Labdacus, and admini
ſtration of the Kingdom, to his brother Ly
rus; and Epopeur, or, as Hyginuſ f calls + Hygids
him, Epaphits the Sicyonian, left his King &Fab.7.
8. ,
dom to Lamedom, who preſently ended the
war, by ſending home Antiope; and ſhe, in
returning home, brought forth Amphion
and Zethur. Labdacus being grown up, re
ceived the Kingdom from Lycus, and ſoon
after dying left it again to his adminiſtrati
on, for his young ſon Laius. When Am
phion and Zethus were about twenty years
old, at the inſtigation of their mother An
tiope, they killed Lycur, and made Laius
flee to Pelops, and ſeized the city Thebes,
and compaſſed it with a wall; and Amphis
on married Niobe the ſiſter of Pelops, and
by her had ſeveral children, amongſt whom . . .
was Chloris, the mother of Periclymentif
.. . . - - - - tke
 130 of the CHR on ology
the Argonaut. Pelops was the father of
‘Pliſthemes, Atreur, and Thyeſter; and A
gamemnon and Menelaur, the adopted ſons.
of Atreus, warred at Troy. AEgifthus, the
ſon of Thyeſter, flew Agamemnon the year
after the taking of Troy; and Atreus died
juſt before Paris ſtole Helena, which, ac
§ Homer.
Iliad.o. cording to S Homer, was twenty years be
fore the taking of Yroy. Deucalion theſon
f Hygin.
#. 14. of Minos, f was an Argonaut; and Taleus’
another Son of Minos, was ſlain by the Ar
gonauts; and Idomeneur and Meriones, the
grandſons of Mimos, were at the Trojan
war. All theſe things confirm the ages of
Cadmuſ and Europa, and their poſterity,
above aſſigned, and place the j. Epo
peus or Epaphus King of Sicyon, and birth
of Amphion and Zethus, upon the tenth
year of Solomon; and the º of Thebes
by Amphion and Zethur, and the flight of
Laius to Pelops, upon the thirtieth year
of that King, or thereabout. Amphion
might marry the ſiſter of Pelops, the ſame
year, and Pelops come into Greece three
or four years before that flight, or about the
26th year of Solomon.
In the days of Erechtheus King of A
thens, and Celeus King of Eleuſ, Ceres
came into Attica, and educated Triptole
mus the fon of Celeus, and taught him to
* Homer. ſow corn. She *lay with jaſon, or jaſ.
Odyſſ. E. ar, the brother of Harmonia, the wife of
Diodor.l.
5. P.237. Qadmus ; and preſently after her death, E
rechtheus
 of the G R E E Ks. 131
*rechtheus was ſlain in a war between the
Athenians and Eleuſinians ; and, for the
benefaction of bringing tillage into Greece,
the Eleuſinia Sacra, were inſtituted to
+Diodor:
her f with Egyptian ceremonies, by Celeur l. 1.P.17.
and Eumolpur; and a Sepulchre or Temple
was erected to her in Eleuſine, and in à.
Temple the families of Celeur and Eumol.
pur became her Prieſts: and this Tem
ple, and that which Eurydice erected to her
daughter Danae, by the name of juno Ar
giva, are the firſt inſtances that I meet with
in Greece of deifying the Dead, with Tem
ples, and Sacred Ritcs, and Sacrifices, and
initiations, and a Succeſſion of Prieſts to
perform them. Now by this hiſtory it is
manifeſt that Erechtheus. Celeur, Eumol.
pur, Ceres, jaſius, Cadmuſ, Harmonia,
Aſterius, and ‘Dardanus, the brother of .
jaſius, and one of the founders of the King
dom of Troy, were all contemporary to one
another, and flouriſhed in their youth, when
Cadmus came firſt into Europe. Erech
theus could not be much older, becauſe his
daughter Procris convers'd with Minor
King of Crete; and his grandſon Theſpis
had fifty daughters, who lay with Hercu
Ales; and his daughter Orythia was the mo
ther of Calais and Zetes, two of the Argo
* Pauſan.
nauts in their youth; and his ſon Ornetts * 1. *.c. 25.
was the father of Peteor, the father of Me
neſtheus, who warred at Troy: nor much
younger, becauſe his ſecond ſon Pandion,
K 2. who
I 32 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
who with the Metionides depoſed his elder
brother Cecrops, was the father of Ægear,
the father of Theſeus'; and Metion, another
of his ſons, was the father of Eupalamus,
the father of ‘Daedalus, who was older than
Theſeus ; and his daughter Creuſa married
Authur, the ſon of }}. and by him had
two ſons, Achaeus and Ion ; and Ion com
manded the army of the Athenians againſt
the Eleuſnianſ, in the battle in which his
grandfather Erechtheus was ſlain: and this
was juſt before the inſtitution of the Eleuſ.
nia Sacra,and before the Reign of Pandion,
the father of Ægeus. Erechtheus being an
Egyptian, procured corn from Egypt, and
for that benefaction, was made King of A
them, ; and near the beginning of his Reign,
Ceres came into Attica from Sicily, in
queſt of her daughter Proſèrpina. We can
not err much if we make Hellen contempo
rary to the Reign of Saul,and to that of Da
vid at Hebron; and place the beginning of
the Reign of #}.}. in the 25th year,
the coming of Ceres into Attica in the 3 oth
year, and the diſperſion of corn by Tripto
Jemur about the 40th year of David's
Reign; and the death of Geres and Erech
#/eur, and inſtitution of the Eleuſnia Sa
era, between the tenth and fifteenth year
of 50/ozºom. -

7 etcer, ‘Z)ardamur, Erichthomiur, Tror,

I/ºr, Laºmedon, and Priamus, reigned
ſucceſſively at Troy; and their Reigns, at
- * * - - - about
-
 of the GR E E Ks. 133
about twenty years a-piece one with ano
ther, amount unto an hundred and forty
years : which counted back from the tak
ing of Troy, place the beginning of the
Reign of Teucer about the fifteenth year of
the Reign of King David; and that of
‘Dardanus, in the days of Cerer, who lay
with jaſſus the brother of Dardanus :
whereas Chronologers reckon that the ſix
laſt of theſe Kings reigned 296 years, which
is after the rate of 49 years a-piece one
with another; and that they began their
Reign in the days of Moſer. 3.
married the daughter of Teucer, the ſon of
Scamander, and ſucceeded him: whence
Teucer was of about the ſame age with Da
vid.
Upon the return of Seſoſºris into Egypt,
his brother ‘Danaus not only attempted his
life, as above, but alſo commanded his
daughters, who were fifty in number and
had married the ſons of Seſoſrif, to ſlay
their husbands; and then fled with his
daughters from Egypt, in along ſhipef fif
ty oars. This Flight was in the fourteenth
year of Rehoboam. Tanaus came firſt to
Lindus, a town in Rhodes, and there built
a Temple, and erected a Statue to Miner
va, and loſt three of his daughters by a
plague which raged there; and then ſailed
thence with the reſt of his daughters to Ar
gos. He came to Argos therefore in the
fifteenth or ſixteenth year of Rehobo
- K 3 4% º
-
 134. Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
am; and at length contending there with
Gelanor the brother of Euryſtheus for the
crown of Argos, was choſen by the people,
and reigned at Argoſ, while Euryſtheus
reigned at Mycenae; and Euryſtheus was
*Apollo
dor.l. 2. born “the ſame year with Hercules. Ge
Scót. j. Janor and Euryſtheus were the ſons of
Sthenelur, }Nicippe the daughter of Pe
lops; and Sthenelus was the ſon of Perſe
us, and reigned at Argos ; and Danaus,
who ſucceeded him at Argos, was ſucceed
ed thereby his ſon in law Lynceus, and he
by his ſon Abar; that Abas who is com
monly, but erroneouſly, reputed the father
of Acriſiur and Praetus. In the time of
the Argonautic expedition, Caftor and
‘Pollux were beardleſs young men, and
their ſiſters Helena and Clytemneſtra were
children, and their wives Phaebe and Ilai
ra were alſo very young: all theſe, with
the Argonauts Lynceus and Idar, were the
grand-children of Gorgophone, the daugh
ter of Perſeur, the ſon of ‘Danae, the .
daughter of Acriſius and Eurydice; and
‘Perierey and Oebalur, the husbands of
Gorgophone, were the ſons of Cymorter,the
ſon of Amyclas, the brother of Eurydice.
Meſtor or Maſtor, the brother of Sthene
Aur, married Lyſſdice,another of the daugh
ters of Pelops : and Pelops married }; -

podamia, the daughter of Evarete, the

daughter of Acriſiur. Alcmena, the mo
ther of Hercules, was the daughter of E
Aečfryo;
 of the G RE Eks. I 35
fe8#ryo; and Šthemelur, Meſtor and Eleół
ryo were brothers of Gorgophone, and ſons
of Perſeus and Andromeda ; and the Ar
gonautic Æſculapius was the grandſon of
Leucippus and Phlegia, and Leucippus
was the ſon of Perierer, the grandſon of
Amyclar the brother of Eurydice, and
Amyclar and Eurydice were the children
of Lacedaemon and Sparta: and Capaneur,
one of the ſeven Captains againſt Thebes,
was the husband of Euadhe the daughter of
Jphis, the ſon of Elector, the ſon of
Anaxagoraſ, the ſon of Megapruther, the
ºfon of Praetus the brother of Acriſius.
. Now from theſe Generations it may bega
thered that Perſeur, Perierer, and Anax
agorar, were of about the ſame age with
Minor, Pelops, AEgeus and Seſac ; and
that Acriſiur, Praetuſ, Eurydice, and A
myclar, being two little Generations older,
were of about the ſame age with King Da
vid and Erechtheus ; and that the Temple
of jumo Argiva was built about the ſame
time with the Temple of Solomon, the ſame
being built by Eurydice to her daughter
‘Damae, as above ; or as ſome ſay, by ‘Pira
ſus or Piranthus, the ſon or ſucceſſor of
Argus, and great grandſon of Phorometer;
for the firſt Prieſteſs of that Goddeſs was
Callithea the daughter of Piranthūr; Cal
Jithea was ſucceeded by Alcinoe, about
three Generations before the taking of
Troy, that is about the middle of Solomon's
K 4 Reign;
 136 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
Reign : in her Prieſthood the Siculipaſſed
out of Italy into Sicily: afterwards Hy
permneſtra the daughter of Danaus, be
came Prieſteſs of this Goddeſs, and ſhe flou
riſhed in the times next before the Ar
gonautic expedition: and Admeta, the
daughter of Euryſtheus, was Prieſteſs of this
juno about the times of the Trojan war.
Andromeda the wife of Perſeus, was the
*Herod. daughter of Cepheus an Egyptian, the ſon
l, 1. of Belur, according to * Herodotus ; and
the Egyptian }; was Ammon : ‘Per
ſeus took her from Joppa, where Cepheus,
I think a kinſman of Solomon's Queen, reſi
ded in the days of Solomon. Acriſius and
‘Praetus were the ſons of Abas : but this A
bar was not the ſame man with Abas the
grandſon of ‘Danaur, but a much older
Prince, who built Abea in Phocis, and
might be the Prince from whom the Iſland
+Bachart.
£anaan. Euða'af was anciently called Abantis, and
part.z.c. the people thereof Abantes : for Apollomi
13.
§ Apollon. us Rhodus S tells us, that the Argonaut
Argonaut. Canthus was the ſon of Camethus, and that
l, i.v.77. Camethus was of the poſterity of Abar; and
the Commentator upon Apollonius tells us
farther, that from this Abas the inhabitants
of Euba'a were anciently called Abantes.
This Abas therefore flouriſhed three or four
Generations before the Argonautic expedi
tion, and ſo might be the father of Acreſſur:
the anceſtors of Acriſius were accounted
£gyptians by the Greeks, and they might
- - - - come
 -

of the G R E E K s. 137
come from Eyypt under Abar into Eubara,
and from thence into Peloponneſus. I do
not reckon Phorbas and his ſon Triopara
mong the Kings of Argos, becauſe they fled
from that Kingdom to the Iſland Rhodes ;
nor do I reckon Crotopus among them, be
cauſe he went from Argos, and built a new *Conon:
city for himſelfin Megaris, as * Conon re Narrat. 13,
lates.
Weſaid that Pelops came into Greece a
bout the 26th year of Solomon : he ficame + Pauſan.
thither in the days of Acriſius, and in thoſe l. f. c. 1.
of Endymion, and of his ſons, and took AB l.Apollodor,
1. c. 7,
tolia from AEtolus. Endymion was the
ſon of Aëthlius, the ſon of Protogenia,
the ſiſter of Hellen, and daughter of ‘Deu
calion : Phrixus and Helle, the children of
.Athamar, the brother of Siſyphus and ſon
of JAEolus, the ſon of Hellen, fled from their
ſtep-mother Ino, the daughter of Cadmus,
to JAEetes in Colchir, º after the re
turn of Seſoſtris into Egypt; and jaſon the
Argonaut was the ſon of JAEſon, the ſon
of Cretheur, the ſon of AEolus, the ſon of
Hellen : and Calyce was the wife of Aëth
fius, and mother of Endymion, and daugh
ter of JEolus, and ſiſter of Cretheus, Siſy
phus and Athamas : and by theſe circum
{tances Cretheus, Siſyphur and Athamas
flouriſhed in the latterpart of the Reign of
Solomon, and in the Reign of Rehoboam :
Aethlius, JEolus, Xuthus, ‘Dorus, Tam
falter, and Dahae were contemporary to
Erech
 138 Of the C H Rono Lo Gy
Erechtheus, jaſſus and Cadmus'; and Hel
Jen was about one, and ‘Deucalion about
two Generations older than Erechtheus.
They could not be much older, becauſe
:*. Xuthus the youngeſt ſon of Hellen,” mar
**** ried Creuſa the aughter of Erechtheus;
nor could they be much younger, becauſe
- Cephalus the ſon of Deioneus, the ſon of
$rauſan. AEolus, the eldeſt ſon of Hellen, § married
ki $37. Procris the daughter of Erechtheus: and
*...** Procris fled from her husband to Minos.
Upon the death of Hellen, his youngeſt ſon
*p,uſin, Xuthurf was expelled Theſſaly by i. bro
i.7, c. 1. thers AEolus and Dorus, and fled to Erech
theus, and married Creuſa the daughter of
Erechtheus ; by whom he had two ſons,
Achaeus and Ion, the youngeſt of which
grew up before the death of Erechtheus,
and commanded the army of the Atheni
ans, in the war in which Erechtheus was
ſlain: and therefore Hellen died about one
Generation before Erechtheus. -

Siſyphus therefore built Corinth about

the latter end of the Reign of Solomon, or
the beginning of the Reign of Rehoboam.
Upon the flight of Phryxus and Helle,
their father Athamas, a little King in Bæo
tia, went diſtraćted and ſlew his ſon Lear
chur; and his wife Imo threw her ſelf into
the ſea, together with her other ſon Meli
certur: and thereupon Siſyphus inſtituted
the Iſthmia at Corinth to his nephew Me
Jicertar. This was preſently after Seſºſ.
f7°4J’
 of the G R E E Ks. 139
trir had left AEetes in Colchir, I think in
the fifteenth or ſixteenth year of Rehobo
am : ſo that Athamar, the ſon of JAEolus
and grandſon of Hellen, and Imo the daugh
ter of Cadmus, flouriſhed 'till about the ſix
teenth year of Rehoboam. Siſyphus and
his ſucceſſors Ornytion, Thoas, ‘Demophon,
‘Propodar, ‘Doridar, and Hyanthidar
reigned ſucceſſively at Corinth, till the
return of the Heraclides into Peloponne
ſus: then reigned the Heraclider, Aleter,
Ixion, Agelas, Prummit, Bacchiº, Age
lar II, Eudamur, Ariſtodemus, and Teleſ:
-tes ſucceſſively about 170 years, and then
Corinth was governed by Prytaner oran
nual Archons about 42 years, and after
them by Cypſelus and Periander about 48
years more. - º
Celeus King of Eleuſ r, who was con
temporary to Erechtheus, * was the ſon of * Heſych.
Rharus, the ſon of Cranaus, the ſucceſſor in Kºžvas:-
of Cecrops ; and in the Reign of Cranaus,
$Deucalion fled with his ſons Hellen and
º Amphytion from the flood which then o
ºverflowed Theffaly, and was called ‘Deu
calion's flood : they fled into Attica,
and there Deucalion died ſoon after; and
Pauſania's tells us that his ſepulchre was to .
be ſeen near Athens. His eldeſt ſon Hel- f

Jem ſucceeded him in Theſſaly, and his other

ſon Amphyétion married the daughter of , ;
Cranaus, and Reigning at Thermopyle,
erected there the Amphytſiomic Councili
- ail
 14o Of the CHR onology
and Acriſius ſoon after erected the like
Council at Telphi. This I conceive was
done when Amphyètion and Acriſius were
aged, and fit to be Counſellors; ſuppoſe in
the latter half of the Reign of David, and
beginning of the Reign of Solomon ; and
ſoon after, ſuppoſe about the middle of the
Reign of Solomon, did Phemonoë become
the firſt Prieſteſs of Apollo at Delphi, and
gave Oracles in hexameter verſe; and then
was Acriſiur ſlain accidentally by his
grandſon Perſeur. The Council of Ther
mopylae included twelve nations of the
Greekr, without Attica, and therefore Am
phyāion did not then reign at Athens :
he might endeavour to ſucceed Cranaur,
his wife's father, and be prevented by E
zechtheus. -

Between the Reigns of Cranaur and E

rechtheus, Chronologers place alſo Erich
thonius, and his ſon ...}. but I take
this Erichthonius and this his ſon Pandi
on, to be the ſame with Erechtheur, and
his ſon and ſucceſſor Pandion, the names
being onlyrepeated with a little variation in
the liſt ofthekings of Attica: for Erichtho
mius, he that was the ſon of the Earth, nur
ſed up by Minerva, is by Homer called E
* Themiſt.
{Orat. 19.
rechtheus ; and #:#: tells us, that
it was Erechtheus that firſt joyned a cha
+ Plato in riot to horſes; and Plato f alluding to the
Alcib.l. 1. ſtory of Erichthonius in a basket, ſaith,
The people of magnanimous Bºdº is
764%s
 of the GREEKs. 141
beautiful, but it behoves us to behold him
taken out: Erechtheus therefore immedi
ately ſucceeded Cranaus, while Amphyā
ion reigned at Thermopylae. In the Reign
of Cranaus the Poets place the flood of
‘Deucalion, and therefore the death of
‘Deucalion, and the Reign of his ſons Hellen
and Amphyºtion, in Theſſaly and Thermo
pyle, was but a few years, ſuppoſe eight
or ten, before the Reign of Erechtheus.
The firſt Kings of Arcadia were ſucceſ.
ſively * Pelaſgur, Lycaon, Nyéfimus, Ar- Pauſin:
1.8.c. 1, 2;
car, Clitor, Ægyptus, Aleus, Lycurgus, 3,4,5-
Jºchemur, Agapenor, Hippothous, JEgyp
tur II, Cypſelus, Olaear, &c. Under Cyp
ſelus the Heraciliaer returned into Pelo
ponneſus, as above: Agapenor was one of
thoſe who courted Helena; he courted her
before he reigned, and afterwards he went
to the war at Troy, and thence to Cyprur,
and there built Paphor. Echemus ſlew
Hyllus the ſon of Hercules. Lycurgus,
Cepheur, and Auge, were f the children of + Pauſan.I.
Aleus, the ſon of Aphidas, the ſon of Ar- ; º:
cas, theſon ofCallifto, the daughter of Ly-Å.
caon : Auge lay with Hercules, and An-l. iv. rºt,
casus the ſon of Lycurgus was an Argo
maut, and his uncle Cepheus was his Go
vernor in that Expedition; and Lycurgus
ſtay’d at home, to look after his aged father
Aleus, who might be born about 75 years
before that Expedition; and his grandfa
ther Arca'ſ might be born about the end :
tilt:
 142 of the CHR on o Lo Gy
the Reign of Saul, and Lycaon the grand
father of Arcar might be then alive, and
dye before the middle of David's Reign;
and his youngeſt ſon Oenotrus, the janus
of the }; mightgrow up, and lead a
colony into Italy before the Reign of Solo
* Pauſan.
l. 3. c. 4.
mon. Arcas received * bread-corn from
Triptolemus, and taught his people to make
bread of it; and ſo did Eumelur, the firſt
King of a region afterwards called Achaia :
and therefore Arcar and Eumelus were
contemporary to Triptolemur, and to his
father Celeus, and to Erechtheus King of
Athens ; and Calliſo to Rharur, and her
father Lycaon to Cranaus : but Lycaon
- died before Cranaur, ſo as to leave room
for Deucalion's flood between their deaths.
The eleven Kings of Arcadia,between this
Flood and the return of the Heraclides in
to Peloponneſus, that is, between the
Reigns of Lycaon and Cypſelus, after the
rate of about twenty years to a Reign one
with another, took up about 220 years;
and theſe years counted back from the re
turn of the Heraclides, place the Flood of
‘Deucalion upon the fourteenth year of
‘David’s Reign, or thereabout. -

+ Herod. Herodotus f tells us, that the Pha

1.5, c. 58. micians who came with Cadmus brought
many doćtrines into Greece: for amongſt
thoſe Phanicians were afort of men called
Cureter, who were skilled in the Arts and
Sciences of Phanicia, above other men,
and
-* ** *
**

of the GRE Eks. I4-3

and * ſettled ſome in Phrygia, where they "stabol.
were called Corybantes ; ſome in Crete, ...:
where they were called Idei Dačíyli; 405,499,
ſome in Rhoder, where they were called
Telchines; ſome in Samothrace, where
they were called Gabiri ; ſome in Eubara,
where, before the invention of iron, they
wrought in copper, in a city thence called
Chalciº, ſome in Lemnos, where they aſ- -

ſiſted Pulcan, and ſome in Imbrus, and o

ther places: and a conſiderable number of
them ſettled in AEtolia, which was thence
called the country of the Curetes; until
AEtolus the ſon of Endymion, having ſlain
Apis King of Sicyon, fled thither, and by
the aſſiſtance of his father invaded it, and .
from his own name called it JAEtolia ; and
by the aſſiſtance of theſe artificers, Cadmus
found out gold in the mountain Pangae
tls in Thrace,and copper at Thebes, whence
copper ore is ſtill .. Cadmia. Where
they ſettled they wrought firſt in copper,
'till iron was invented, and then in iron;
and when they had made themſelves ar
mour, they danced in it at the ſacrifices
with tumult and clamour, and bells, and
pipes, and drums, and ſwords, with which
they ſtruck upon one another's armour, in
muſical times, appearing ſeized with a di
vine fury; and this is reckoned the original
of muſick in Greece: ſo Solimus, S Studi- 5 solin.
tum muſicum inde captum cum Idaei Dačíy- Polyhiſt.
Ai modulos crepitu & tinnitu eris depre- “”
- hen
 144 Of the C H R O No Lo Gy
henſor in verſificum ordinem tranſfuliff:
... ent ; and * Iſidorus, Studium muſcum ab
iš. Ideis Dağylis captum. Apollo and the
Muſes were two Generations later. Cle
+cism, ment f calls the Idei Začyli barbarous,
Štrom... i. that is ſtrangers; and faith, that they were
reputed the firſt wiſe men, to whom both
the letters which they call Epheſian, and
- the invention of muſical rhymes are refer
red: it ſeems that when the Phaenician let
ters, aſcribed to Cadmus, were brought in
to Greece, they were at the ſame time
brought into Phrygia and Crete, by the
Cureter; who ſettled in thoſe countries,
and called them Epheſian, from the city E
pheſus, where they were firſt taught. The
Cureter, by their manufacturing copper
and iron, and making ſwords, and armour,
and edged tools for hewing and carving of
wood, brought into Europe a new way of
fighting; and gave Minos an opportunity of
building a Fleet, and gaining the dominion
of the #. and ſet on foot the trades of
Smiths and Carpenters in Greece, which
are the foundation of manual trades: the
$Pauſan. S fleet of Mimos was without ſails, and
**** Pedalus fled from him by adding ſails to
his veſſel; and therefore ſhips with ſails
were not uſed by the Greeks before the
flight of ‘Daedalus, and death of Minor,
who was ſlain in purſuing him to Sicily, in
the Reign of Rehoboam. Taedalus and
his nephew Talus, in the latter part of the
Reign
 of the G R E E Ks. I4-5
Reign of Solomon, invented the chip-ax,
and ſaw, and wimble, and perpendicular,
and compaſs, and turning-lath, and glew,
and the potter's wheel; and his father Eu
palamus invented the anchor: and theſe
j. gave a beginning to manual Arts and
Trades in Europe.
The Curetes,” who thus introduced Let *Strabol:
io. P. 472.
ters, and Muſic, and Poetry, and Dancing, 473. Diod.
and Arts, and attended on the Sacrifices, 1.5. c.4.
were no leſs active about religious inſtituti.
ons, and for their skill and knowledge and
myſtical practices, were accounted wiſe
men and conjurers by the vulgar. In Phry
% their myſteries were about Rhea, called
agna Mater, and from the places where
ſhe was worſhipped, Cybele, Berecynthia,
‘Peſinumtia, Dindymene, Mygdonia, and
Idea Phrygia: and in Crete, and the Ter
ra Curetum, they were about jupiter O
Aympius, theſon of the Cretan Rhea : they
repreſented, f that when jupiter was born +Strabol.
in Crete, his mother Rhea cauſed him to be Io.p 468.
472. Dio
educated in a cave in mount Ida, under dor. 1.5. s.
their care and tuition; and f that they dan- ++ Lucian
ced about him in armour, with great noiſe, de ſacrifi
that his father Saturn might not hear him lod.ciis. Apol
l. l.c.
cry; and when he was grown up, aſſiſted 1. ſect. 3.
him in conquering his father, and his fa &e, 2.
ſe&t. 1.
ther's friends, and in memory of theſe things
inſtituted their myſteries. Bochart S blings ŞBoch, in
Canaan. l.
them from Paleftime, and thinks that they
I. c. 15.
had the name of Curetes from the people
L among
 I 36 Of the C H Ro No Lo Gy
among the Philiſims called Crethim, of
Cerethites: Ezek. xxv. 16. Zeph. ii. 5.
1 Sam. xxx. 14. for the Philiſims con
quered Zidon, and mixed with the Zido
Ž44%.J. - -

The two firſt Kings of Crete, who reign

ed after the coming of the Cureter, were
Afterius and Minof; and Europa was the
Queen of Aſterius, and mother of Mi
mor; and the Idaean Curetes were her
countrymen, and came with her and her
brother Alymnus into Crete, and dwelt in
the Idean cave in her Reign, and there e
ducated jupiter, and found out iron, and
made armour: and therefore theſe three,
Afterius, Europa, and Minos, muſt be the
Saturn, Rhea and 7upiter of the Cre
tams. Minos is uſually called the ſon of
Jupiter; but this is in relation to the fable,
that jupiter in the ſhape of a bull, the En
ſign of the Ship, carried away Europa
from Zidon : for the Pharmicians, upon
their firſt coming into Greece, gave the
name of jao-pater, jupiter, to every
King: and thus both Minos and his father
were jupiters. Echèmemes, an ancient
* Athen. 1, author cited by Athenaeus, * ſaid that Mi
13. p. 601. mos was that jupiter who committed the
Rape upon Ganimede ; though others ſaid
more truly that it was Tantalus : Minos
alone was that jupiter who was moſt fa
mous among the Greeks for Dominion and
Juſtice, being the greateſt. King in all
Greece
 of the GR E E Ks. I 33
Greece in thoſe days, and the only legiſla
- tor, Plutarch ff tells us, that the people tarch.
tºº.in
of Naxus, contrary to what others write, i.
pretended that there were two Minos's,
and two Ariadner; and that the firſt Ari
adne married Bacchus, and the laſt was
carried away by Theſeus'; but # Homer, ii.
Heſiod, . Thucydider, Herodotus, , and Si.
Strabo, knew but of one Minor; and Ho- & T. ".
mer deſcribes him to be the ſon of jupiter
and Europa, and the brother of Rhada
manthus and Sarpedon, and the father of
2Deucalion the Argonaut, and grandfather
of Idomeneur who warred at Troy, and
that he was the legiſlator of Hell: Hero
dotus ** makes Minor and Rhadamanthur º:
I.

the Sons of Europa, contemporary to

Ageus; and SS Apollodorus and Hyginus ;*:::
ſay, that Minor, the father of Androge- Hºi. "
as, Ariadne and Phaedra, was the ſon of º
jupiterand Europa, and brother of Rha- “”
damanthus and Sarpedon.
Lacian *lets us know that Europa the deſºcian.
- - Dea Sy
mother of Minos was worſhipped by the . ** . 13.
name of Rhea, in the form of a woman
ſitting in a chariot drawn by lions, with a
drum in her hand, and a Coroma turrita on
her head, like Affarte and Iſis ; and the
Cretans f anciently ſhewed the houſe +Diodor.
where this Rhea lived : and f Apollonius #:
Rhodius tells us, that Saturn, while he i. 2 .

reigned over the Titans in Olympus, a v. 23%.

mountain in Crete, and jipifer was edu
- L 2. cated
 14s Of the CHR on ology
cated by the Curetes in the Cretan cave,
deceived Rhea, and of Philyra begot
Chiron : and therefore the Cretan Saturn
º and Rhea, were but one Generation older
than Chirom, and by conſequence not older
than Aſterius and Europa, the parents of
AMinor; for Chirom lived till after the
Argonautic Expedition, and had two
grandſons in that Expedition, and Eu
ropa came into Crete above an hun
dred years, before that Expedition :
§ Lucian. Luciam S tells us, that the Cretans did not
:* . relate, that jupiter was born and bu
ried among them, but alſo ſhewed his ſepul
** Por-, chre; and Porphyry “* tells us, that Py
#. thagoras went down into the Idaean cave,
*Ciceroſie to ſee his ſepulchre; and Cicero, * in num
*• 3• was three
beringthe jupiters,
Cretan jupiter, that the third
faith, Saturn's ſon,
whoſe ſepulchre was ſhewed in Crete; and
+ cli. the Scholiaſt upon Callimachus flets us
ImāC. know, that this was the ſepulchre of Mi
ºn. * nor: his words are, 2, Kºrn in rz +44 as Mſ.
#reyāyparlo, MINOOC TOT AIOC TA®OC. Tº Xpávº 3i rg .
Mſwo; 3rwatiºn, &e replatºval, A OC TA®OC is rººts ºv
#xsaw asyse, Kpºre; rev ráðov ºrg Aiès. Im Crete uſpon
the Sepulchre of Minos was written, Mi
nois Jovis ſepulchrum: but in time Minois
wore out, ſo that there remained only Jo
visſepulchrum, and thence the Cretans cal
Jed it the ſepulchre of Jupiter. By Sa
turm, Ctcero, who was a Latume, under
ſtood the Saturn ſo called by the Latimes :
for
 of the G R E E ks. I4-9
for when Saturn was expelled his King
dom, he fled from Crete by ſea, to Italy;
and this the Poets expreſt by ſaying, that
jupiter caſt him down to Tartarus, that
is, into the Sea; and becauſe he lay hid in
Italy, the Latimes called him Saturn ; and
Italy, Saturnia, and Latium, and them
ſelves Latines : ſo * Cyprian ; Amtrum * Cypr. de
Idolorum
jovis in Creta viſtur, & ſepulchrum ejus vanitatc.
offenditur: & ab eo Saturnum fugatum
effe manifeſtum eſt: unde Latium de late
bra ejus nomen accepit: hic literas impri
mere, hic ſignare mummor in Italia pri
mus inſtituit, unde aerarium Saturmi vo
catur; & rufficitatis hic cultor fuit, inde
falcemferens ſenex pingitur: and Minu
tius Felix; Saturnus Creta profugus,
Italiam metu filii ſevientis acceſſerat, &
jani ſuſceptus hoſpitão, rudes illor homi
mes & agreſſes multa docuit, ut Graeculus
& politus, literas imprimere, mummorſg
mare, inſtrumenta conficere: itaque late
&ram ſham, quod tuto latuiſet, vocarima
ſuit Latium, & urbem Saturniam de ſuo
nomine.” Ejus filius Župiter Crete ex
cluſ parente regmavit, illic obiit, illic fºr
/ior habuit; adhucantrum jovir viſtur,
& ſepulchrum ejus offenditur, & ipſis ſº
crisſuis humanitatis arguitur: and Ter
tulliam ; f Quantum rerum argumenta do +Tert.
Apologet.
cent, muſ?uam invenio fideliora quam a C. I. O.

pudipſºm Italiam, in qua Saturnuſ poſt

multas expeditiones, poſtgue Attica hoſ.
- L 3 futta
I 32 Of the CHR on ol o Gy
pitia conſedit, exceptus abjano, ve/jame
ut Salii volunt. Mons quem incoluerat
Saturnius dičius : civitas quam depala
verat Saturnia uſ?ue nunc eff. Tota de
mique Italia poſt Oenotriam Saturnia cog
nominabatur. Aſ ipſo primum tabulae,
& imagine ſignatus mummur, & inde ara
rio praeſidet. By Saturn's carrying let
ters into Italy, and coyning money, and
teaching agriculture, and making inſtru
ments, and Building a town, you may know
that he fled from Crete, after letters, and
the coyning of money, and manual arts
were brought into Europe by the Phaemici
anr; and from Attica, after agriculture was
brought into Greece by Ceres, and ſo could
not be older than Aſterius, and Europa,
and her brother Cadmus ; and by Italy's
being called Oenotria, before it was called
3aturnia, you may know that he came in
to Italy after Oenotrus, and ſo was not ol
der than the ſons of Lycaon. Oenotrus.
carried the firſt colony of the Greeks into
Italy, Saturn the ſecond, and Evander
the third; and the Latines know nothing
older in Italy than janus and Saturn and
therefore Oenotrus was the janus of the
Latinés, and Saturn was contemporary to
the ſons of Lycaon, and by conſequence al
ſo to Celeus, Erectheus, Cerer, and Afte
rius : for Ceres educated Triptolemus the
ſon of Celeus, in the Reign of Erechtheus,
and then taught him to plow and ſow corn:
- - . . . Arca:
 of the G RE Eks. I 29
Areat the ſon of Callifto, and grandſon of
Lycaon, received corn from Triptolemur,
and taught his people to make bread of it;
and Procris, the ... of Erechtheur,
fled to Minor the ſon of Aſterius. In me
mory of Saturn's coming into Italy by
ſea, the Latines coined their firſt money
with his head on one ſide, and a ſhip on
the other. Macrobius * tells us, that :.
when Saturn was dead, janus erected an iº,
Altar to him, with ſacredrites as to a God,
and inſtituted the Saturnalia, and that hu
mane ſacrifices were offered to him; ’till
Hercules driving the cattle of Geryon
through Italy, aboliſhed that cuſtom: by
the humane ſacrifices you may know that
• jamur was of the race of Lycaon ; which
character agrees to Oenotrus. Dionyſus
Halicarnaſſenſºr tells us further, that Oe
notrus having found in the weſtern parts of
Italy a large region fit for paſturage and til
lage, but yet for the moſt partuninhabited,
and where it was inhabited, peopled but
thinly ; in a certain part of it, purged from
the Barbarians, he built towns little and
numerous, in the mountains; which man
ner of building was familiar to the ancients:
and this was the Original of Towns in
Italy. -

‘Pauſamias f tells us that the people of+Pauſ.1

Elis, who were beft skilled in Antiquities, ºil;
related this to have been the Original of ; ;
the Olympic Games: that Saturn reigned *****
L4 firſt,
 152 Of the C H R O No Lo Gy
firſt, and had a Temple built to him in O
lympia by the men of the Golden Age; and
that when Jupiter was newly born, his mo
ther Rhea recommended him to the care of
the Idaei Dadtyli, who were alſo called Cu
retes: that afterwards five of them, cal.
led Hercules, Poeonius, Epimedes, Jaſius,
and Ida, came from Ida, a mountain in
Crete, into Elis; and Hercules, called alſo
Hercules Idaeus. being the oldeſt of them,
in memory of the war between Saturn and
Jupiter, inſtituted the ;: of racing, and
that the vićfor ſhould be rewarded with a
crown of olive; and there erected an altar
to jupiter Olympius, and called theſe
games Olympic: and that ſome of the E
Zeams ſaid, that Jupiter contended here with
Saturn for the Kingdom; others that Her
cules Idaeus inſtituted theſe games in me
mory of their vićiory over the Titans: for
# Pauſan. the people of Arcadia f had a tradition,
1.8.c. 29. that the Giants fought with the Gods in the
valley of Bathos, near the river Alpheus
Dic dor. and the fountain Olympias. f. Before the
5.P. 183. Reign of Afterius, his father Teutamus
came into Crete with a colony from Olym
pia; and upon the flight of Aſterius, ſome
of his friends might retire with him into
their own country, and be purſued and bea
ten there by the Idean Hercules: the Ele
ams ſaid alſo that Clyments the grandſon of
the Idean Hercules, about fifty years af.
ter ZXeucalºoz's flood, coming from Crete,
CC
 of the GREEK S. IS 3
celebrated theſe games again in Olympia,
and erected there an altar to juno Olym
pia, that is, to Europa, and another to
this Hercules, and the reſt of the Cureter;
and reigned in Elis 'till he was expelled
by Endymion, * who º celebrated "Pauſan!.
5.c.8. 14.
theſe games again: and ſo did Pelops, who
expelled Ætolus the ſon of Endymion; and
ſo alſo did Hercules the ſon of Alcmena,
and Atreus theſon of Pelops, and Oxylus:
they might be celebrated originally in tri
º umph for vićtories, firſt by Hercules Ide
als, upon the conqueſt of Saturn and the
Titans; and then by Clymenus, upon his
coming to reign in the Terra Curetum;
then by Endymion, upon his conquering
Glymenus; and afterwards by Pelops, upon
his conquering Ætolus; and by Hercules,
upon his killing Augea; ; and by Atreur,
upon his repelling the Heraclides; and by
Oxylus, upon the return of the Heraclides
into Peloponneſus. This jupiter, to whom
they were inſtituted, had a Temple and Al
tar erected to him in Olympia, where the
games were celebrated, and from the place
was called jupiter Olympius: Olympia
was a place upon the confines of Piſa, near
the river Alpheus.
In the * Iſland Thaſus, where Cadmus . Herod.1.
left his brother Thaſus, the Phaemicians 2.c44.
built a Temple to Hercules Olympius, that
Hercules,
‘ZDačfy/ij :
whom
2 in
Cicero f calls ex Ideis #Cic.de
-

ſyli; ; cui inferias afferumt. wº natura De

orum. lib.
C 3.
 144 Of the C H R O No Lo Gy
the myſteries of Cerer were inſtituted in
}}. there were other myſteries inſtitu
red to her and her daughter and daughter's
husband, in the Iſland Samothrace, y the
‘Phaemician names of ‘Dii Cabiri Axieror,
Axiokerſa, and Axiokerſes, that is, the
great Gods Cerer, Proſerpina and Pluto :
#Diodor. for f jaſus a Samothracian, whoſe ſiſter
P. 223. -

married Cadmus, was familiar with Cerer;

and Cadmus and jaſſus were both of them
initiated in theſe myſteries. jaſſus was
the brother of ‘Dardanus, and married Cy
bele the daughter of Meones King of Phry
gia, and by her had Corybar; and after his
death, 7)ardanus, Cybele and Corybar
went into Phrygia, and carried thither the
myſteries of the mother of the Gods, and
Cybele called the goddeſs after her own
name, and Corybar called her prieſts Cory
bantes : thus Diodorus ; but ‘Dionyſſur
• Dionyſ. faith * that Dardamus inſtituted the Samo
J. I. p.38,
ºr. thracian myſteries, and that his wife Chry
ſet learnt them in Arcadia, and that Idaeus
the ſon of Dardamus inſtituted afterwards
the myſteries of the mother of the gods in
Thrygia ; this Phrygian Goddeſs was
drawn in a chariot by Lions, and had a co
roma turrita on her head, and a drum in
her hand, like the Phaemician Goddeſs Aſ:
tarte, and the Cory%anter danced in ar
mour at her ſacrifices in a furious manner,
#Lucian,
like the Idaei Dačíyli; and Luciam i tells
de ſaltati
ºße.
us that ſhe was the Cretail Rhea, that is,
Europa
 of the GREEks, I4. I
Europa the mother of Minor: and thus the
Thanicians introduced the practice of dei
fying dead men and women among the
Greeks and Phrygians; for I meet with no
inſtance of deifying dead men and women
in Greece, before the coming of Cadmus
and Europa from Zidon.
From theſe originals it came into faſhion
among the Greeks, lºw, parentare, to ce
lebrate the funerals of deadparents with fe
ſtivals and invocations and ſacrifices offered
to their ghoſts, and to erect magnificent ſe
pulchresin the form of temples, with altars
and ſtatues, to perſons of renown; and there
to honour them publickly with ſacrifices
and invocations: every man might do it to
his anceſtors; and the cities of Greece did it
to all the eminent Greeks; as to Europa
the ſiſter, to Alymnus the brother, and to
Minor and Rhadamanthus the nephews of
Cadmus ; to his daughter Ino, and her ſon
Melicertur; to Bacchus the ſon of his
daughter Semele, Ariſtarchus the husband
of his daughter Autonoe, and jaſus the
brother of his wife Harmonia; to Hercules
a Theban, and his mother Alcmena; to
‘Damae the daughter of Acriſiur; to Æſcu
Japius and Polemocrates the ſon of Ma
chaon; to Pandion andTheſeus Kings of A
thems, Hippolytus the ſon of Theſeus, ‘Pan
the ſon of *#; ‘Proſerpima, Tripto
Jemus, Celeus, Trophonius, Caſtor, Pol
{ux, Helena, Menelaus, Agamemnon,
- Am
 156 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
Amphiaraus and his ſon Amphilochus,
Hečfor and Alexandra the ſon and daugh
ter of Priam, Phoromeus, Orpheus Prote
ſlaus, Achilles and his mother Thetis A
jax, Arcas, Idomeneur, Merioner, Æa
cus, Melampus, Britomartis, Adraſtur,
Iolaus, and divers others. They deified
their Dead in divers manners, according to
their abilities and circumſtances, and the
merits of the perſon; ſome only in private
families, as houſhold Gods or ‘Dil Paena
tes; others by erecting graveſtones to them
in publick, to be uſed as altars for annual ſa
crifices; others, by building alſo to them
ſepulchresin the form of houſes or temples;
and ſome by appointing myſteries, and ce
remonies, and ſet ſacrifices, and feſtivals,
and initiations, and a ſucceſſion of prieſts for
performing thoſe inſtitutions in the tem
ples, and handing them down to poſterity.
Altars might begin to be erected in Europe
a little before the days of Cadmur, for ſa
crificing to the old God or Gods of the Co
* Arnob. Ionies, but Temples began in the days of
i. Solomon; for * AEacus the ſon of JEgina,
“*” who was two Generations older than the
Trojan war, is by ſome reputed one of the
firſt who built a Temple in Greece. Ora
cles came firſt from Egypt into Greece a
bout the ſame time, as alſo did the cuſtom
of forming the images of the Gods with
- their legs Sound up in the ſhape of the E
gyptian mummies: for Idolatry began in
Chaldea and Egypt, and ſpread thence in
to
 of the G RE Eks. I 57
to Phaemicia and the neighbouring coun
tries, long before it came into Europe; and
the Pelaſgiant propagated it in Greece, by
the dićtates of the Oracles: The countries
upon the Tigris and the Nile being exceed
ing fertile, were firſt frequented by man
kind, and grew firſt into Kingdoms, and
therefore began firſt to adore their dead
Kings and Queens: hence came the Gods
of Eaban, the Gods and Goddeſſes called
Baalim and Aſhtaroth by the Canaamites,
the Daemons or Ghoſts to whom they ſacri
ficed, and the Moloch to whom they offer
ed their children in the days of Moſès and
the Judges. Every City ſetup the worſhip
of its own Founder and Kings, and by alli
ances and conqueſts they ſpread this wor
ſhip, and at length the Pharmicians and E
gyptians brought into Europe the pračtice
of Deifying the dead. The Kingdom of
the lower Egypt began to worſhip their
". before the days of Moſes; and to this
worſhip the ſecond commandment is oppo
ſed: when the Shepherds invaded the lower
Egypt, they checked this worſhip of the
old Egyptians, and ſpread that of their own
Kings; and at length the Egyptians of Cop
tos and Thebais, under Miſphragmuthoſis
and Amoſs, expelling the Shepherds,
checked the wº of the Gods of the
Shepherds, and deify º their own Kings
and Princes, propagated the worſhip of
twelve of them into their conqueſts; and
made
 140 of the CHR o No logy
made them more univerſal than the falſe
Gods of any other nation had been before,
ſo as to be called ‘Dii magni majorum gen
tium. Seſoſtris conquered Thrace, and
Amphitiyon the ſon of Prometheus brought
the twelve Gods from Thrace into Greece:
* Hered. l.
2.initio. Herodotus * tells us that they came from
Egypt; and by the names of the cities of
Egypt dedicated to many of theſeGods,you
may know that they were of an Egyptian
original; and the Egyptians, according to
+Diodor. ‘Diodorus, f uſually repreſented, that after
h, 1.p.8. their Saturn and %. reigned jupiter
and juno, the parents of Oſiris and Iſs,
the parents of Orus and Bubaſe.
By all this it may be underſtood, that as
the Egyptians who deified their Kings, be
gan their monarchy with the Reign of their
Gods and Heroes, reckoning Menes the
firſt man who reigned after their Gods; ſo
the Cretans had the Ages of their Gods and
Heroes, calling the É four Ages of their
deified Kings and Princes, the Golden,
* Heſiod. Silver, Brazen, and Iron Ages. He/ſod *
opera. v. deſcribing theſe four Ages of the Gods and
108. .
Demi-Gods of Greece, repreſents them to
be four Generations of men, each of which
ended when the men then living grew old
and dropt into the grave, and tells us that
the fourth ended with the wars of Theker
and Troy: and ſo many Generations there
were, from the coming of the Phaemicians
and Curetes with Cadmus and Europa in
- to
 of the G R E E K s. I 37
to Greece, unto the deſtruction of Troy.
*::::::::: Rhodius ſaith, that when the
rgonauts came to Crete, they ſlew Talur
a brazen man, who remained of thoſe that
were of the Brazen Age, and guarded that
paſs: Talur was reputed f the ſon of Minos, # Apollon.
and therefore the ſons of Mino lived in the Argonaut.
1.4. v.
Brazen Age, and Minos reigned in the Sil 1643.
ver Age, it was the Silver Age of the Greeks
in which they began to plow and ſow Corn,
and Cerer, that taught them to do it, flouri
ſhed in the Reign of Celeus and Erechtheus
and Minos. Mythologiſts tell us that the
laſt Woman with whom jupiter lay, was
Alcmena; and thereby they ſeem to put an
end to the Reign of jupiter among mor
tals, that is to the Silver Age, when Alc
mena was with child of Herculer; who
therefore was born about the eighthor tenth
year of Rehoboam's Reign, and was about
34 years old at the time of the Argonautic
expedition. Chiron was begot by Saturn
of Philyra in the Golden Age; when ju
piter was a child in the Cretan cave, as a
bove; and this was in the Reign of Aſterius
King of Crete : and therefore Aſterius
reigned in Crete in the Golden Age; and
the Silver Age began when Chiron was a
child: if Chiron was born about the 35th
year of TXavid’s Reign, he will be born in
the Reign of Aſterius, when jupiter was
a child in the Cretan cave, and be about 88
years old in the time of the Argonautic ex
pedition,
 160 Of the CHR on O Lo Gy
pedition, when he invented the Aſteriſms;
and this is within the reach of nature. The
golden Age, therefore falls in with the
feign of Aſteriur, and the Silver Age with
that of Minor; and to make theſe Ages
much longer than ordinary generations, is
to make £hirom live much longer than ac
cording to the courſe of nature. This fa
ble of the four Ages ſeems to have been
made by the Curetes in the fourth Age, in
memory of the firſt four Ages of their com
ing into Europe, as into a new world; and
in honour of their country-woman Euro
pa, and her husband Aſterius the Saturn of
the Latimes, and of her ſon Mimos, the Cre
tam jupiter, and grandſon ‘Deucalion,
who reigned ’till the Argonautic expediti
on, and is ſometimes reckoned among the
Argonauts, and of their greatgrandſon Ido
meneus who warred at Troy. Heſiod tells
us that he himſelflived in the fifth Age, the
Age next after the taking of Troy, and
therefore he flouriſhed within thirty or
thirty five years after it; and Homer was
* Vita Ho ofabout the ſame Age; for he * lived ſome
meriHero time with Mentor in Ithaca, and there
doto adſcr.
learnt of him many things concerning
‘Ulyſſes, with whom Mentor had been per
ſonally acquainted: now Herodotus, the
oldeſt Hiſtorian of the Greeks now extant,
+Herod, l. f tells us that Heſiod and Homer were nota
2.
bove four hundred years older than himſelf,
and therefore they flouriſhed within 11o or
- Izo years
 of the GREEKs. 161
*

tºo years after the death of Solomon; and

according to my reckoning the taking of
Troy was but one Generation earlier.
Mythologiſts tell us, that Niobe the
daughter of Phorometr was the firſt woman
with whom jupiter lay, and that of her he
begat ... who ſucceeded Phoromeus in
the Kingdom of Argos, and gave his name
to that city; and therefore Argus was born
in the beginning of the Silver Age: unleſs
you had rather ſay that by jupiter they
might here mean Aſterius; for the Pha
micians gave the name of jupiter to every
King, from the time of their firſt coming
into Greece with Cadmus and Europa, un
til the invading of Greece by Seſoſºris, and
the birth of Hercules, and particularly to
the fathers of Mimos, Pelops, Lacedæ
mom, AEacus, and Perſeus.
The four firſt Ages ſucceeded the flood
of ‘Deucalion ; and ſome tellus that ‘Deuca
/ion was the ſon of Prometheus, the ſon of
japetus, and brother of Atlas: but this was
another Deucalion; for japetus the father
of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlar,
was an Egyptian, the brother of Oſiriſ,
and flouriſhed two Generations after the
flood of Deucalion.
I have now carried up the Chronology of
the Greeks as high as to the firſt uſe of let
ters, the firſt plowing and ſowing of corn,
the firſt manufacturing of copper and iron,
the beginning of the trades of Smiths, Car
penters,
I 62 Of the C H Ro No Lo Gy
penters, Joyners, Turners, Brick-makers,
Stone-cutters, and Potters, in Europe; the
firſt walling of cities about, the firſt build
ing of Temples, and the original of O
racles in Greece; the beginning of navigati
on by the Stars in long i. with ſails; the
erecting of the Amphitiyomic Council; the
firſt Ages of Greece, called the Golden, Sil
ver, Brazen, and Iron Ages, and the flood
of Deucalion which immediately preceded
them. Thoſe Ages could not be earlier
than the invention and uſe of the four me
tals in Greece, from whence they had their
names; and the flood of Ogyges could not
be much above two or three ages earlier
than that of Deucalion : for among ſuch
wandering people as were then in Europe,
there could be no memory of things done
above three or four ages before the firſt uſe
of letters: and the expulſion of the Shep
herds out of Egypt, which gave the firſt
occaſion to the coming of people from E
gypt into Greece, and to the building of
houſes and villages in Greece, was ſcarce
earlier than the days of Eli and Samuel;
for Mametho tells us, that when they were
forced to quitAbarisand retire out of Egypt
they went through the wilderneſs into ju
data, and built jeruſalem : I do not think
with Mametho, that they were the Iſrae
lites under Moſes, but rather believe that
they were Canaanites ; and upon leaving
Abaris mingled with the Philiſtims their
next
 of the GR E E Ks. I63.
text neighbours: though ſome of them
might aſſiſt David and Solomon in building
jeruſalem and the Temple. -

Saul was made King,” that he might re-., sm:

ſcue Iſrael out of the hand of the Philiff. ix, 16 &
ims, who oppreſſed them; and in the ſe- ...”
cond year of his Reign, the Philiſiºn; "
brought into the field againſt him thirty
thouſand chariots, and/ºx thouſand horſº
men, and people as the ſºld which is on
the ſea ſhore for multitude : the Canaa
mites had their hoiſes from Egypt; and yet
in the days of Moſes all the chariots of E
gypt, with which Pharaoh purſued Iſrael,
were but ſix hundred, Exod. xiv. 7 From
the great army of the Philiſtimus againſt
Saul, and the great number of their horſes,
I ſeem to gather that the Shepherds had
newly relinquiſhed Egypt, and joyned
them: the Shepherds might be beaten and
driven out of the greateſt part of Egypt,
and ſhut up in Abaris by Miſphragmith9
fºr in the latter end of the days of E!; ; and
ſome of them fly to the Philiſtims, and
ſtrengthen them againſt Iſrael, in the laſt
year of Eli ; and from the Philiſims ſome
of the Shepherds might go to Zidon, and
from Zidon, by ſea to Aſia minor and
Greece : and afterwards, in the begin
ning of the Reign of Saul, the Shepherds
whoſtill remained in Egypt might be for
ced by Tethmoſis or Amoſſy, the ſon of
Miſphragmuthoſis, to leave Abaris, and
- M 2. - retire
164. Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
retire in very great numbers to the Philiff
ims; and upon theſe occaſions ſeveral of
them, as Pelaſgus, Imachus, Lelex, Ce
cropſ, and Abar, might come with their
people by ſea from Egypt to Zidon and
Cyprus, and thence to Aſia minor and
Greece, in the days of Eli, Samuel and
Saul, and thereby begin to open a com
merce by ſea between Zidon and Greece,
before the revolt of Edom from judaea,
and the final coming of the Phaenicians
from the Red-Sea.
Pelaſgur reigned in Arcadia, and was
the father of Lycaon, according to Phere
cyder Athenienſ's, and Lycaon died juſt be
fore the flood of ‘Deucalion and there
fore his father Pelaſgur might come into
Greece about two Generations before Cad
mus, or in the latter end of the days of Eli :
Lycaon ſacrificed children, and therefore
his father might come with his people from
the Shepherds in Egypt, and perhaps from
the regions of Heliopolis, where they ſacri
ficed men, 'till Amoſ's aboliſhed that cuſt
om. Miſphragmuthoſis the father of A
onoſºr, drove the Shepherds out of agreat
part of Egypt, and ſhut the remainder up
in Abariſ; and then great numbers might
eſcape to Greece; ſome from the regions of
Heliopolis under Pela(ºn: others from
Memphis and other places, under other
Captains: and hence it might come to paſs
that the Pelaſgians were at the firſt very
Ill]-
 of the GR E E Ks. I65
numerous in Greece, and ſpake a different
language from the Greek, and were the
ring-leaders in bringing into Greece the
w; of the dead.
Inachus is called the ſon of Oceanus, per
haps becauſe he came to Greece by ſea; he
might come with his people to Argos from
Fgypt in the days of Eli, and ſeat himſelf
upon the river Imachus, ſo named from him,
and leave his territories to his ſons Phoro
meur, Ægialeur, and Phegeus, in the days
of Samuel: for Car the ſon of Phoromeur
built a Temple to Cerer in Megara, and
therefore was contemporary to Erechthe
us. , Phoroneur reigned at Argos, and
AEgialeus at Sicyon, and founded thoſe
Kingdoms; and yet AEgialeus is made a
bove five iºdyears older than Phoro
meur by ſome Chronologers: but * Acaſ. *.cºm.al.
Maur, f Anticlides and S Plato, accounted Strom, i.
‘Phoroneus the oldeſt King in Greece, and £3.1,
f Apollodorus tells us, ...figialeus was the Patoin
brother of Phoromeus. JEgialeus died †.
without iſſue, and after him reigned Eu- d.o.º.º.
rops, Teichin, Apis, Laomedom, Sicyon, c. *
Tolybus, Adraftus, and Agamemnon, &c.
and Sicyon gave his name to the Kingdom:
Herodotus f.; ſaith that Apis in the Greek #1 Herod.
Tongue is Epaphus; and Hyginuſ,” that .i.
Epaphus the Sicyonian got Antiopa with º'
child: but the latter Greeks have made two
men of the two names Apis and Epaphus or
JEpopeaf, and between them inſerted 12.
M 3 feigned
 I66 Of the C H R on o Lo Gy
feigned Kings of Sicyon, who made no
wars, nor did any thing memorable, and
yet reigned five hundred and twenty years,
which is, one with another, above forty
and three years a-piece. If theſe feigned
Kings be rejected, and the two Kings Apis
and Epopeus be reunited, JEgialeus will
become contemporary to his brother Pha
romeus, as he ought to be ; for Apis or Epo
peur, and Nyéfeu, the guardian of Labda
cur, were ſlain in battle about the tenth
year of Solomon, as above; and the firſt
four Kings of Sicyon, Jegialeus, Europs,
Telchim, Apis,after the rate of about twen
ty years to a Reign, take up about eighty
years; and theſe years counted upwards
from the tenth year of Solomon,ſº the
beginning of the Reign of AEgialeur upon
the twelfth year of Samuel, or thereabout :
*Apollo
and about that time began the Reign of
dor. l. 3. c. ‘Phoroneus at Argos ; Apollodorus * calls
f -

Adraſtur King of Argos ; but Homerf tells

#Homer. us, that he reigned firſt at Sicyon : he was
il.T. wers.
572, in the firſt war againſt Theber. Some place
jamiſèur and Phaeſius between Polybus
and Adraſ'us, but without any certainty.
Le/ex might come with his people into
Laconia in the days of Eli, and leave his
territories to his ſons Myles, Eurotar, Cle
ſºn, and Polycaon in the days of Samuel.
Myles ſet up a quern or handmill to grind
corn, and is reputed the firſt among the
Greekſ who did ſo; but he flouriſhed before
 of the GREEKs. I 67

Triptolemur, and ſeems to have had his

corn and artificers from Egypt. Eurotas
the brother, or as ſome ſay, the ſon of My
Jer, built Sparta, and call’d it after the
name of his daughter Sparta, the wife of
Lacedæmon, and mother of Eurydice. Cle
ſon was the father of ‘Pylar, the father of
Sciron, who married thé daughter of Pan
dion the ſon of Erechtheus, and contended
with Niſits the ſon of ‘Pamdiom and brother
of Ægeus, for the Kingdom; and AEacus
adjudged it to Niſºr. Polycaon invaded
Meffeme, then peopled only by villages,
called it Meffeme after the name of his wife,
and built cities therein.
Cecrops came from Sais in Egypt to Cy
rus, and thence into Attica, and he might
do this in the days of Samuel, and marry
Agraule the daughter of Aéfaeus, and ſuc
eeed him in Attica ſoon after, and leave
his Kingdom to Cranaus in the Reign of
Saul, or in the beginning of the Reign of
‘David: for the flood of ‘Deucalion hap
pened in the Reign of Cranaur.
Of about the ſame age with Pelaſgur,
Inachus, Lelex, and Aéfaeuſ, was Ogyger,
he º in Baeotia and ſome of his people
were Leleges; and either he or hisſon Eleu
fºr built the city Eleuſís in Attica, that is,
they built a few houſes of clay, which in
time grew into a city. Acuſilaus wrote
that #. was older than Ogyger, and
that Ogyges flouriſhed 1020 years before
M4 the
168 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
the firſt Olympiad, as above; but Acuſſlaus
was an Argive, and feigned theſe things in
honour of his country : to call things Ogy
ian has been aphraſe among the ancient
Greeks, to ſignify that they areas old as the
firſt memory of things; and ſo high we have
now carried up the Chronology of the
Greeks. Imachus might be as jà as Ogy
ger, but Acúſlauf and'his followers made
them ſeven hundred years older than the
truth; and Chronologers, to make out this
reckoning, have lengthened the races of the
Kings of Argor and Sicyon, and changed
ſeveral contemporary Princes of Argos into
fucceſſive Kings, and inſerted many feigned
Kings into the race of the Kings of Sicyon.
Inachus had ſeveral ſons, who reigned
in ſeveral parts of Peloponneſus, and there
built Towns; as Phoroneur,who built Pho
ronicum, afterwards called Argos, from
Argus his grandſon; Agialeus, who built
JAEgialea, afterwards called Sicyon, from
Sicyon the grandſon of Erechtheus; Phe
geur, who built Phegea, afterwards called
‘Pſophir, from Pſophis the daughter of Ly- -"

caon ; and theſe were the oldeſt towns in

. ‘Peloponneſus: then Siſyphur, the ſon of
AEolus and grandſon of Hellen, built Ephy
ra, afterwards called Corinth; and Aëthlī
us, the ſon of Ajolus, built Elis : and be
fore them Cecrops built Cecropia, the cit
tadel of Athems; and Lycaon built Lycoſit
ra, reckoned by ſome the oldeſt town in
4rs
 of the G R E E Ks. 169
Arcadia; and his ſons, who were at leaſt
four and twenty in number, built each of
them a town; except the youngeſt, called
Oenotrus, who grew up after his father's
death, and ſailed into Italy with his people,
and there ſet on foot the building of towns,
and became the janus of the Latiner.
‘Phoroneur had alſo ſeveral children and
grand-children, who reigned in ſeveral
places, and built new towns, as Car, Apir,
&c, and Haemon, the ſon of Pelaſgus.
reigned in Haemonia, afterwards called
Theſſaly, and built towns there. This di
viſion and ſub-diviſion has made greatcon
fuſion in the hiſtory of the firſt Kingdoms
of Peloponneſus, and thereby given occaſi
on to the vain-glorious Greeks, to make
thoſe kingdoms much older than they really
were: but by all the reckonings above-men
tioned, the firſt civilizing of theGreeks,and
teaching them to dwell in houſes and towns
and the oldeſt towns in Europe, could ſcarce
be above two or three Generations older
than the coming of Cadmus from Zidon in
to Greece; and might moſt probably be oc
caſioned by the expulſion of the Shepherds
out of Egypt in the days of Eli and Samu
el, and their flying into Greece in conſide
rable numbers : but it's difficult to ſet right
the Genealogies and Chronology of the Fa
bulous Ages of the Greeks, and I leave theſe
things to be further examined.
Before the Phaemicians introduced the
deifying
17o Of the C H R on o Lo Gy
deifying of dead men, the Greeks had a
Counciſofºlders in every town for the go
vernment thereof, and a place where the el
ders and people worſhipped their God with
ſacrifices; and when many of thoſe towns,
for their common ſafety, united under a
common Council, they creded a Prytane
aum or Court in one of the towns, where the
Council and People met at certain times, to
conſult their common ſafety, and worſhip
their common God with ſacrifices, and to
buy and ſell: the towns where theſe Coun
cils met, the Greeks called sº, peoples or
communities, or Corporation Towns: and
at length, when many of theſe sagº, for their
common ſafety united by conſent under
one common Council, they erected a Pry
taneum in one of the 24, for the common
Council of People to meetin: and to conſult
and worſhipin, and feaſt, and buy, and ſell;
and this 24., they walled about for its ſafe
ty, and called rº, raw the city: and this I
take to have been the original of Villages,
Market-Towns, Cities, common Councils,
Veſtal Temples, Feaſts and Fairs, in Eu
rope, the Prytaneum, ºvº. ranº, was a Court
with a place of worſhip, and a perpetual fire
kept therein upon an Altar for ſacrificing:
from the word 'Esia, fire, came the name
Peſta, which at length the people turned
into a Goddeſs, and ſo became fire-worſhip
ers like the ancient Perſians: and when
theſe Councils made war upon their neigh
bours,
 w

of the G R E E K s. 171
bours, they had a general commander to
lead their armies, and he became their King.
So and
crops Thucydides" tells
the ancient us, that
Kings, under
until Ce- kº
Theſe- 'Thucyd.
to.

us; Attica was always inhabited city by tarch in

city, each having Magiſtrates and Pryta. Thº.
nea; neither did they conſult the King, "
when there was no fear of danger, but
each apart adminiſtred their own common
wealth, and had their own Council, and
even ſometimes made war, as the Eleuſi
nians with Eumolpus did againſt Erech
theus: but when Theſeus, a prudent and
potent man obtained the Kingdom, he took
away the Courts and Magiſtrates of the
other citier, and made them all meet
in one Council and Prytaneum at Athens.
‘Polemon, as he is cited by f Strabo, tells f Strabol.
us, that in this body of Attica, there were 9 P.39%
179 squo, one of which was Eleuſis: and
‘Philochorus f relates, that when Attica Apud.
was infeſted by ſea and land by the Cares .
and Boeoti, Cecrops the firſt of any man ...”
reduced the multitude, that is the 170
towns, into twelve cities, whoſe names
were Cecropia, Tetrapolis, Epacria, Dece
lia, Eleuſis, Aphydna, Thoricus, Brauron,
Cytherus, Sphettus, Cephiſia, and Phale
rus; and that Theſeus contrated thoſe
twelve cities into one, which was Athens,
The original of the Kingdom of the Ar
iver was much after the ſame manner: for § Pauſan
?auſanias S tells us, that Phoroneus the ſº.
fºn
 172 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
Jon of Inachus was the firſt who gathered
into one community the Argives, who ‘till
them were ſtattered, and lived every
where apart; and the place where they
*Strabo. l. were firſt aſſembled was called Phoroni
}. P.337. cum, the city of Phoroneus : and Strabo *
obſerves, that Homer cally all the places
which he reckons up in Peloponneſus, a
few excepted, not cities but regions, be
cauſe each of them conſiſted of a convention
of many 34,…free towns, out of which, af.
terward noble cities were built and fre
quented: ſo the Argives compoſed Manti-.
naea in Arcadia out offive towns, and Te
gaout of nine; and out of ſo many was Hae
rea built by Cleombrotus, or by Cleony
mus; ſo alſo Ægium was built out of ſeven
or eight towns, Patrae out of ſeven, and
Dyme out of eight; and ſo Elis was erected
by the conflux of many towns into one .#
* Pauſan. Pauſania, f tells us, that the Arcadi
W.8, c. 1.2.
ams accounted Pelaſgur the firſt man, and
that he was their firſt King; and taught the
ignorant people to buildhouſes,for defend
ing themſelves from heat, aud cold, and
rain; and to make them garments of skins,
and inſtead of herbs and roots, which were
ſometimes noxiour, to eat the acorns of the
beech tree; and that his ſon Lycaon built
the oldeſt city in all Greece: he tells us al
ſo, that in the days of Lelex the Spartans
lived in villages apart. The Greeks there
fore began to build houſes and villages i.
{}\;
 of the G RE Eks. 173
the days of Pelaſgur the father of Lycaon,
and in the days of Lelex the father of My
Jes, and by conſequence about two or three
Generations before the Flood of ‘Deucali
on, and the coming of Cadmur; 'till then
they “lived in woods and caves of the earth pin.17.
The firſt houſes were of clay, 'till the bro- c. 5*.
thers Euryalus and Hyperbius taught
them to harden the clay into bricks, and to
build therewith. In the days of Ogyges,
‘Pelaſgus, AEzeur, Inachus and Lelex,
they began to build houſes and villages of
clay, ‘Doxius the ſon of Calus teaching
them to do it; and in the days of Lycaon,
‘Phoromeur, Ægialeus, Phegeus, Eurotar,
Myles, Polycaon, and Cecrops, and their
ſons, to aſſemble the villages into ºus, and
the 340, into cities.
When Oenotrus the ſon of Lycaon carri
edaçolony into Italy, the fºund that count ºpert
try for the moſt part uninhabited; and . .p.ſ.o.
where it was inhabited, peopled but thin
by: and ſeizing a part of it, he built towns
in the mountains, little and numerous, as
above ; theſe towns were without walls;
but after this Colony grew numerous, and
began to want room, they expelled the Si
. compaſſed many cities with wallr,
and became poſſeſ of all the territory be
tween the two riverſ Liris and Tibre; and
it is to be underſtood that thoſe cities had
their Councils and Prytamea after the man
aer of the Greeks, for Dionyſius f al,º: i.
 174. Of the C H R O No Lo Gy
that the new Kingdom of Rome, as Romu
Ius left it, conſiſted of thirty Courts or
Councils, in thirty towns, each with the
ſacred fire kept in the Prytaneum of the
Court, for the Senators who met there to
perform Sacred Rites, after the manner of
the Greek: ; but when Numa the ſucceſſor
of Romulus reigned, he leaving the ſeve
ral fires in their own Courts, inſtituted
ome common to them all at Rome: whence
Rome was not a compleat city before the
days of Numa. -

When navigation was ſo far improved

that the Phaemicians began to leave the ſea-.
ſhore, and ſail through the Mediterranean
by the help of the ſtars, it may be preſumed
that they '. to diſcover the iſlands of
the Mediterranean, and for the ſake of
trafic to ſailas far as Greece: and this was
not long before they carried away Io, the
daughter of Inachus, from Argos. The
Cares firſt infeſted the Greek ſeas with pi
racy, and then Minor the ſon of Europa
got up a potent fleet, and ſent out, Colo
*Diodor. nies: for ‘Diodorus * tells us, that the Cy
1.5.P. 224, clade Iſlands, thoſe near Crete, were at firſt
225, 24.o.
deſolate and uninhabited; but Manor hav
ing a potent fleet, ſent many Colonies out
of Crete, and peopled many of them; and
articularly that the iſland Carpathus was
firſt ſeized by the ſoldiers of Mimos: Syme
lay waſte and deſolate’till Triops came thi
ther with a Colony under Chthonius :
Strongyle
 of the GREEKs. 17;
Strongyle or Naxus was firſt inhabited by
the Thracians in the days of Boreas, a little
before the Argonautic Expedition: Samos
was at firſt 3. and inhabited only by a
great multitude of terrible wild beaſts, ’till
Macreus peopled it, as he did alſo the i
ſlands Chius and Cor. Lesbos lay waſte and
deſolate ’till Xanthus ſailed thither with a
Colony: Tenedos lay deſolate ’till Tennes,
a little before the Trojan war, ſailed thi
ther from Troas. Ariſtaur, who married
Autonoe the daughter of Cadmus, carried a
Colony from Thebes into Caea, an iſland not
inhabited before: the iſland Rhodes was at
firſt called Ophiuſa, being full of ſerpents,
before Phorbas, a Prince of Argos, went
thither, and made it habitable by deſtroy
ing the ſerpents, which was about the end
of Solomon's Reign; in memory of which
he is delineated in the heavens in the Con
ſtellation of Ophiucus. The diſcovery of
this and ſome other iſlands made a report
that they roſe out of the Sea: in Aſia Delos
emerſt, & Hiera, & Anaphe, {5 Rhodus,
ſaith * Ammianus ; and S Pliny; clarae *Ammiac
jampridem inſulae, Delos & Rhodos me-S Plin.2.
i.
moriae produmtur ematae, poſſea minores, c. 87.
altra Melon Anaphe, inter Lemmum &
Helleſpontum Nea, inter Lebedum & Te
on Halone, &c.
TXiodorus f. tells us alſo, that the ſeven + Diodor.
iſlands called Æolidcº, between Italy and 1.5.p. 292.
Sicily, were deſert and uninhabited 'till 204.
Lip
 176 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy
Ilipparus and JAEolus, a little before the
Trojan war, went thither from Italy, and
peopled them; and that Malta and Gaulus
Or 8. on the other ſide of Sicily, were
firſt peopled by Phaemicians ; and ſo was
Madera without the Straits : and Homer
writes that ‘Ulyſſes found the IſlandOgygia
covered with wood, and uninhabited, ex
cept by Calypſº and her maids, who lived
in a cave without houſes; and it is not like
ly that Great-Britain and Ireland could
be peopled before navigation was propagat
edbeyond the Straits.
The Sicameans were reputed the firſt in
habitants of Sicily: they built little Wil
lages or Townsupon hills, and every Town
had its own King; and by this means they
ſpread over the country, before they form
ed themſelves into larger governments with
ºn a common King : Philiſtis f ſaith that
#. they were tranſplanted into Sicily from
sp. 20 the River Sicanus in Spain; and Dionyſ
• Dionyſ us,” that they were a Spaniſh people who
1. i.p.í7. fed from the Ligures in Italy; he means the
4pºrt Ligure ºf who oppoſed Hercules when he
i...º. returned from his expedition againſt Gery
34. on in Spain, and endeavoured to paſs the
Alps out of Gaul into Italy. '#.
that year got into Italy, and made ſome
conqueſts there, and founded the city Cro
+Dionyſ.
ib, y ton; and f after winter, upon the arrival of
his fleet from Erythra in Spain, ſailed to
Sicily, and there left the Sicami : for it ".
A.J."
 of the G R E E Ks. 177
his cuſtom to recruit his army with con
quered people, and after they had affed
him in making new conqueſts to reward
them with new ſeats : this was the Egypti
an Hercules, who had a potent flect, and
in the days of Solomon ſailed to the Straits,
and according to his cuſtom ſet up pillars
there, and conquered Geryon, and returned
back by Italy and Sicily to Egypt, and was
by the ancient Gauls called Ogmiºs, and
by the Egyptians “ Nilus : for Erythra Ptol. He
and the country of Geryon were without Phºtº. *.
the Straits. Dionyſus f repreſents this #Dionyſ.
Hercules contemporary to Evander. l.2.P. 34.
The firſt inhabitants of Crete, according
to ‘Diodorus, * were called Eteocretán: ; ; P.
but whence they were, and how they came 3.P.23°,
thither, is not ſaid in hiſtory : then ſailed
thither a Colony of Pelaſians from
Greece ; and ſoon after Teutamºr, the
randfather of Mimos, carried thither a Co
tº of Dorians from Laconia, and from
the territory of Olympia in Peloponneſis :
and theſe ſeveral Colonies ſpake ſeveral
languages, and fed on the ſpontaneous fruits
of the earth, and lived quietly in caves and
huts, ’till the invention of iron tools, in the
days of Aſterius the ſon of Teutamus ; and
at length were reduced into one Kingdom,
and one People, by Minor, who was their
firſt law-giver, and built many towns and
ſhips, and introduced plowing and ſowing,
and in whoſe days the Curetes conquered
- his
 º

I78 Of the CHR on o Lo Gy

his father's friends in Crete and Peloponne
$ºr ſis. The Curetes § ſacrificed children to
jºin. Saturn, and according to Bochart f were
. 2.ſ. 56. ‘Philiſłims ; and Euſebius ſaith that Crete
+ Bochart.
Canaan. l. had its name from Crer, one of the Curetes
I. c. 15. who nurſed up jupiter; but whatever was
the original of the iſland, it ſeems to have
been peopled by Colonies which ſpake dif
ferent languages, ’till the days of Aſterius
and Minos, and might come thither two or
three Generations before, and not above,
for want of navigation in thoſe ſeas.
The iſland Cyprus was diſcovered by the
‘Phaemicians not long before; for Eratoſ:
+ Apud. themes f tells us, that Cyprus was at firſt ſº
Strabonem
lib. 14.p. overgrown with wood that it could not be
684. tilled, and that they firſt cut down the
woodfor the melting of copper and ſilver,
and afterwards ...}} they began to ſai!
ſafely upon the Mediterranean, that is, pre
ſently after the Trojan war, they built},
and even navier of it: and when they could
not thus deſtroy the wood, they gave every
man leave to cut down what wood he pleaſ:
ed, and to poſſeſ; all the ground which he
cleared of wood. So alſo Europe at firſt.
abounded very much with woods, one of
which, called the Hercinian, took up a
great part of Germany, being full nine days
journey broad, and above forty long, in
Julius Caeſar's days; and yet the Europe
ams had been cutting down their woods to
make room for mankind, ever ſince the in
vention
 of the G R E E R S. 179
vention of iron tools, in the days of Aſteri
as and Minay.
All theſe footſteps there are of the firſt
ſº of Europe, and its Iſlands, by ſea;
efore thoſe days it ſeems to have been
thinly peopled from the northern coaſt of
the Euxine ſea by Scythians deſcended
from Japhet, who wandered without hou
ſes, and ſheltered themſelves from rain and
wild beaſts in thickets and caves of the
earth; ſuch as were the caves in mount Ida
in Crete, in which Minor was educated and
buried; the cave of Cacur, and the Cata
combs in Italy near Rome and Napler, af
terwards turned into burying-places ; the -

Syringer and many other caves in the ſides

of the mountains of Egypt; the caves of the
Troglodites between Egypt and the Red
Sea; and thoſe of the Phauruſſi in Afric,
mentioned by * Strabo ; and the caves, and strabo,
thickets, and rocks, and high places, and , 17. P.
pits, in which the Iſraelites hid themſelves *
from the Philiſims in the days of Saul,
1 Sam. xiii. 6. But of the ſtate of mankind
in Europe in thoſe days there is now no hi
ſtory remaining.
The antiquities of Libya were not much
older than thoſe of Europe; for ‘Diodorus
*tells us, that ‘Uranus the father of Hype- . Diodor.
rion, and grandfather of Helius and Selene, 13. p. 132,
that is Ammon the father of Seſac, was
their firſt common King, and cauſed the
people, who ‘till then wandered up and
.” N 2. down,
 18o Of the C H R on O Lo Gy
down, to dwell in towns : and Herodotus
Hierod. f tells us, that all Media was peopled by
}, i.
840, towns without walls, ’till they revolt
ed from the Aſſyrianſ, which was about
267 years after the death of Solomon ; and
that after that revolt they ſet up a King over
them, and built Ecbatame with walls for his
ſeat, the firſt town which they walled a
bout; and about 72 years after the death of . .
§ 1 King.
xx. 16.
Solomon, Benhadad King of Syria S had
two and thirty Kings in his army againſt
Ahab : and when joſhua conquered the
land of Canaan, every city of the Canaa
mites had its own King, like the cities of
Europe, before they conquered one ano
ther; and one of thoſe Kings, Adonibezek,
the King of Bezek, had conquered ſeventy
other Kings a little before, judg. i. 7. and
therefore towns began to be built in that
land not many ages before the days of jo
ſhuah : for the Patriarchs wandered there
in tents, and fed their flocks where-ever
they pleaſed, the fields of Phemicia not be
ingyet fully appropriated, for want of peo
ple. The countries firſt inhabited by man
kind, were in thoſe days ſo thinly peopled
* Geneſ. that * four Kings from the coaſts of Shinar,
::v. Deut.
ii. 9. 12.
and Elam invaded and ſpoiled the Re
19.----22. phaims, and the inhabitants of the coun
tries of Moab, Ammon, Edom, and the
Kingdoms of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah
and Zeboim ; and yet were purſued and
beaten by Abraham with an armed force of
only
 of the G R E E K S. I8I

only 318 men, the whole force which A

braham and the princes with him could
raiſe : and Egypt was ſo thinly peopled be
fore the birth of Moſºr, that Pharaoh ſaid
* Exod.r.
of the Iſraeliter; * behold the people of the 9.2 × .
children of Iſrael are more and mightier
that we: and to prevent their multiplying
and growing too ſtrong, he cauſed their
male children to be drowned.
Theſe footſteps there are of the firſt peop
ling of the earth by mankind, not long be
fore the days of Abraham ; and of the over
ſpreading it with villages, towns and cities,
and their growing into Kingdoms, firſt
ſmaller and then greater, until the riſe of the
Monarchies of Egypt, Aſſyria, Babylon,
Media, Perſia, Greece, and Rome, the
firſt great Empires on this ſide India. , A
braham was the fifth from Peleg, and all
mankind lived together in Chaldea under
the Government of Noah and his ſons, un
til the days of Peleg: ſo long they were of
one language, one ſociety, and one religi
on ; and then they divided the earth, being
perhaps diſturbed by the rebellion of Nim
rod, and forced to leave off building the
tower of Babel; and from thence they
ſpread themſelves into the ſeveral countries
which fell to their ſhares, carrying along
with them the laws, cuſtoms and religion,
under which they had 'till thoſe days been
educated and governed, by Noah, and his
ſons and his grandſons: and theſe laws were
N 3 handed
 182 of the CHR on o Lo Gy
handed down to Abraham, Melchizedek,
and job, and their contemporaries, and for
ſometime were obſerved by the judges of
+Jobyxxi.
the eaſtern countries: ſo f job tells us, that
II. adultery was an heinous crime, yea an ini
quity to be puniſhed by the judges; and of
*Jobxxxi. idolatry he * ſaith.If I beheld the ſun when
26.
it ſhimed, or the moon walking in bright
meſ, and my heart hath been ſecretly inti
ced, or my mouth hath kiſſed my hand, this
alſo were an imiquity to be puniſhed by the
judge: for I ſhould have denied the God
that is above: and there being no diſpute
between job and his friends about theſe
matters, it may be preſumed that they alſo
with their countrymen were of the ſame
religion, , Melchizedeck was a Prieſt of
the moſt high God, and Abraham volunta
rily paid tythes to him; which he would
ſcarce have done had they not been of one
and the ſame religion. The firſt inhabitants
of the land of Camaam ſeem alſo to have
been originally of the ſame religion, and to
have continued in it’till the death of Noah,
# 1 chron.
and the days of Abraham; for jeruſalem
xi. 4.5. was anciently f called jebus, and its people
j.I. Jebuſites, and Melchizedek was their
2. Sam. v.
£,
Prieſt and King : theſe nations revolted
therefore after the days of Melchizedeck
to the worſhip of falſe Gods; as did alſo the
poſterity of Iſmael, Eſau, Moab, Ammon,
and that of Abraham by Keturah ; and the
Iſraelites themſelves were very apt to re
volt;
 of the G R E E K S. I 83
Yolt: and one reaſon why Terah went from
‘Ur of the Chaldees, to Haram in his way
to the land of Canaan; and why Abraham
afterward left Haram, and went into the
land of Canaan, might be to avoid the wor
ſhip of falſe Gods, which in their days began
in Chaldea, and ſpread every way from
thence; but did not yet reach into the land.
of Canaan. Several of the laws and pre
#. in which this primitive religion con
ſiſted are mentioned in the book of job,
chap. i. ver. 5, and chap. xxxi, viz., not to
blaſpheme God, mor to worſhip the Sun or
Moon, nor to kill, mor ſteal, nor to commit
adultery, nor truſt in riches, nor oppreſs
the poor or fatherleſ, nor curſe your ene
mies, nor rejoyce at their misfortunes :
But to be friendly, and hoſpitable and mer
ciful, and to relieve the poor and needy,
and to ſet up judges. This was the mora
lity and religion of the firſt ages, ſtill called
by the jews, The precepts of the ſons of
Noah; this was the religion of Moſes and
the Prophets, comprehended in the two
great commandmeiſts, of loving the Lord
our God with all our heart and ſouland
: mind, and our neighbour as our ſelves:
this was the religion enjoyned by Moſès
to the uncircumciſed ſtranger within the
gates of Iſrael, as well as to the Iſraeliter:
and this is the primitive religion of both
jews and Chriſtians, and ought to be the
ſtanding religion of all nations, it being for
N 4 the
184 Of the CHR o No Lo Gy
the honour of God, and good of mankind:
and Moſès adds the precept of being merci
ful even to brute J.
ſo as not to ſuck
out their blood, mor to cut off their fleſh a
, live with the blood in it, nor to kill them
fºr the ſake of their blood, nor to ſtrangle
them; but in killing them for food, to let
out their blood and/pill it upon the ground,
Gem. ix. 4, and Levit. xvii. 12. 13. This
law was ancienter than the days of Moſes,
being given to Noah and his ſons, long be
fore the days of Abraham : and therefore
when the Apoſtles and Elders in the Coun
cil at Jeruſalem declared that the Gentiles
were not obliged to be circumciſed and
keep the law of Moſes, they excepted this
law of abſtaining from blood, and things
framg/ed, as being an earlier law of God,
impoſed not on the ſons of Abraham only,
but on all nations, while they lived toge
ther in Shimarunder the dominion of Noah:
and of the ſame kind is the law of abſtaining
from meats offered to Idols or falſe Gods,
and from formication. So then, the believ
ing that the world was framed by one ſit
reme God, and is governed by him, and
#he loving and worſhipping him, and ho
mouring our parents, and loving our neigh
flour as our ſelveſ, and being merci j ('-
ven to brute beafts, is the oldeſt of all reli
gions: and the Original of letters, agricul
ture, navigation, muſic, arts and ſciences,
inctals, ſmiths and carpenters, towns and
… . . . . . . . . . houſes,
 of the GREEKs. 185
houſes, was not older in Europe than the
days of Eli, Samuel and David; and be
fore thoſe days the earth was ſo thinly peo
pled, and ſo overgrown with woods, that
mankind could not be much older than is re
preſented in Scripture.
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