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3-Binary Distillation COMPLETE PDF
3-Binary Distillation COMPLETE PDF
DISTILLATION
Separation Process Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Universitas Pertamina
2019
DISTILLATION
CASCADE
Distillation column is
basically a cascade
(combination/
arrangement) of multiple
flash separators which
operate at different
temperatures in order
to achieve higher degree
of separation.
DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Results
(Calculated)
RECTIFYING SECTION OPERATING LINE
Assumptions: Total Mass Balance:
• The two components have V= L + D
equal & constant latent Component Mass Balance:
heat of vaporization.
• Sensible enthalphy changes
(Cp.dT) and heat of mixing
is negligible compared to
latent heat changes. Since R=L/D and molar flow is constant:
• Insulated column
(adiabatic).
• Column pressure is
Operating line equation:
uniform (no pressure
drop)
RECTIFYING SECTION OPERATING LINE
STRIPPING SECTION OPERATING LINE
(q line)
Component Mass Balance Stripping:
Using q-line equation to
find intersection of Combine both equations to give:
rectifying & stripping line
Since:
Column overall mass balance:
Rectifying line
Feed/ q-line
No. of stages = 5
(4 + 1partial
reboiler)
Stripping line
LIMITING CASES: Minimum reflux
(Rmin=Lmin/D)
Reflux Ratio (R=L/D)
• N=
q =1 – D/F
Slope: 0.637
Intercept :
Point 1 → y=x=zf =0.6
Point 2 → ?
When R=Rmin, q line will intersect equilibrium curve
(x= 0.465, y=0.684)
Find rectifying line equation:
N = 13.2
(11.2 + 1 partial reboiler + 1 partial
condenser
REBOILER TYPE
𝑄𝑐 = (𝐷 + 𝐿)∆𝐻
𝑄𝑅 = (𝑉 + 𝐵)∆𝐻
QR
EXERCISE
Calculate condenser heat duty and rate of cooling water (T=25oC) needed to
support distillation process in the previous example (total condenser, R = 1.59).
Assume cooling water is heated up to its saturation temperature. Give some
comments regarding the result. Cp water → 4.2 kJ/kg.K
∆H (latent heat) vaporization → Benzene: 394 kJ/kg; Toluene : 351 kJ/kg
DISTILLATION COLUMN SIZING
TRAY COLUMN
PACKED COLUMN
STAGE/TRAY EFFICIENCY (Eo)
Drickamer-Bradford correlation
𝜇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥𝑖 𝜇𝑖 + 𝑥𝑗 𝜇𝑗
Relative Volatility (α):
STAGE/TRAY EFFICIENCY (Eo)
O’Connell correlation
μ : Feed molar average viscosity at
tower average temperature
𝜇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥𝑖 𝜇𝑖 + 𝑥𝑗 𝜇𝑗
ASSIGNMENT
Calculate stage efficiency & the
actual number of stages for the
previous example (7.1) using both
methods! Cite all the source you use
to get the data necessary for this
calculation.
DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT
Flooding
1. Calculation of Capacity Parameter (C) in ft/s
capacity (CF)
T=T drum
Average molecular weight of Liquid or Vapor
4. Calculation of drum volume (VV) in ft3 4. Check drum height (H) to diameter (DT) ratio
HETP METHOD,
from McCabe-Thiele diagram
1) Calculate slope ratio