9.gate Ece Emt Solution PDF

GATE QUESTION BANK EMT
Electromagnetic Field
ECE - 2007 Which current distribution leads to this

1. If C is a closed curve enclosing a surface S, field?
then the magnetic field intensity ⃑⃑ , the [Hint: The algebra is trivial in cylindrical
current destiny ⃑ and the electric flux co-ordinates.]
⃑
destiny ⃑⃑ are related by (A) ( ) r
⃑⃑ ⃑
(A) ∬ ⃑⃑ s ∮( ) ⃑⃑⃑ (B) ( ) r
⃑⃑ (C) r
(B) ∫ ⃑⃑ ⃑⃑⃑ ∯( ) s
⃑
(D) ( ) r
⃑⃑
(C) ∯ ⃑⃑ s ∫( )
⃑⃑ 5. If a vector field ⃑ is related to another
(D) ∮ ⃑⃑ ∬( ) s
vector field ⃑ through ⃑ ∇×⃑ ,which of
the following is true? Note: C and Sc refer
2. A plane wave of wavelength is travelling to any closed contour and any surface
in a direction making an angle with whose boundary is C.
positive x-axis and positive y-axis.
(A) ∮ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ∫ ⃑⃑⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑⃑
The ⃑ Field of the plane wave can be
represented as ( is a constant) (B) ∮ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ∫ ⃑⃑⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑⃑
√
(A) ⃑ ŷ
( ) (C) ∮ ∇ × ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ∫ ∇. ⃑⃑⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑⃑
(
√
) (D) ∮ ∇ × ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ∫ ⃑⃑⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑⃑
(B) ⃑ ŷ
√
( ) 6. Two infinitely long wires carrying current
(C) ⃑ ŷ
√
are as shown in the figure below. One
( )
(D) ⃑ ŷ wire is in the y-z plane and parallel to the
y-axis. The other wire is in the x-y plane
ECE - 2008 and parallel to the x-axis. Which
3. For static electric and magnetic fields in components of the resulting magnetic
an inhomogeneous source-free, medium field are non-zero at the origin?
z
which of the following represents the
corr ct form of two of Maxw ’s
equations? y
(A) ∇. (C) ∇×
∇×B ∇×B
(B) ∇. (D) ∇×
x
∇.B ∇.B
ECE - 2009 (A) x, y, z components

4. A magnetic field in air is measured to be (B) x, y components
x y (C) y, z components
⃑
B B ( ŷ x̂)
x y x y (D) x, z components
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ECE - 2010
7. If ⃑ x â ∮ ⃑ .
xyâ over the path
shown in the figure is,
y a
3 The magnetic field inside the hole is

(A) uniform and depends only on d
(B) uniform and depends only on b
(C) uniform and depends on both b and d
1 C (D) non uniform
0 X
⁄ ⁄
ECE - 2013
√ √
11. Consider a vector field ⃑ r . The closed
(A) 0 (C) 1
loop line integral ∮ ⃑ can be expressed
(B) (D) √
√ as
(A) ∯ ∇ × ⃑ ⃑⃑⃑⃑s over the closed surface
ECE - 2011
bounded by the loop
8. Consider a closed surface S surrounding a
(B) ∰ ∇ ⃑ v over the closed volume
volume V. IF r is the position vector of a
bounded by the loop
point inside S, with ̂ the unit normal on
S, the value of the integral ∯ r. ̂ is (C) ∭ ∇ ⃑ v over the open volume
bounded by the loop
(A) 3V (C) 10V
(B) 5V (D) 15V (D) ∬(∇ × ⃑ ) ⃑⃑⃑⃑s over the open surface
bounded by the loop
ECE - 2012
ECE - 2014
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 9
12. In spherical co-ordinates, let â â denote
and 10
unit vectors along the , directions.
An infinitely long uniform solid wire of
radius a carries a uniform dc current of si cos t r â m
r
density .
And
.
9. The magnetic field at a distance r from the si cos t r â m
r
center of the wire is proportional to represent the electric and magnetic field
(A) r for r < a and 1/r2 for r > a components of the EM wave at large
(B) 0 for r < a and 1/r for r > a distances r from a dipole antenna, in free
(C) r for r < a and 1/r for r > a space. The average power (W) crossing
(D) 0 for r < a and 1/r2 for r > a the hemispherical shell located at
r m is _______.
10. A hole of radius b (b < a) is now drilled
along the length of the wire at a distance 13. If r xâ yâ zâ a |r| r
d from the center of the wire as shown th iv r ∇ r = ____________
below.
th th th
14. Given the vector EE - 2007

cos x si y â si x cos y â Statement for Linked Answer Questions 2
where â â denote unit vectors along x,y &3
directions, respectively. The magnitude of An inductor designed with 400 turns coil
curl of A is __________ wound on an iron core of 16 cm2 cross
sectional area and with a cut of an air gap
15. The electric field (assumed to be one- length of 1mm. The coil is connected to a
dimensional) between two points A and B 230 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Neglect coil
is shown. Let a be the resistance, core loss, iron reluctance and
electrostatic potentials at A and B, a ag i ucta c . μo 4 x -7 H/m)
respectively. The value of in 2. The current in the inductor is
Volts is_________ (A) 18.08 A (C) 4.56 A
(B) 9.04 A (D) 2.28 A
3. The average force on the core to reduce

the air gap will be
4 ⁄cm (A) 832.29N (C) 3332.47N
⁄cm
(B) 1666.22N (D) 6664.84 N
⁄cm
μm B 4. The total reactance and total susceptance
of a lossless overhead EHV line, operating
16. Given ⃑ zâ xâ yâ . If S represents at 50 Hz, are given by 0.045 pu and 1.2 pu
the portion of the sphere x y z =1 respectively. If the velocity of wave
propagation is × km/s, then the
for z the ∫ ∇ × ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑⃑s is ___________
approximate length of the line is
17. If ⃑ y yz x̂ xyxz ŷ (A) 122 km (C) 222 Km
(B) 172 km (D) 272 km
xyz ẑ
is the electric field in a source free region,
5. A solid sphere made of insulating material
a valid expression for the electrostatic
has a radius R and has a total charge Q
potential is
distributed uniformly in its volume. What
(A) xy yz (C) y xyz
is the magnitude of the electric field
(B) xy xyz (D) xy xyz
intensity, E, at a distance r (0 < r < R)
EE - 2006 inside the sphere?
1. Which of the following statements holds (A) (C)
for the divergence of electric and
magnetic flux densities? (B) (D)
(A) Both are zero
(B) These are zero for static densities
6. Divergence of the vector field
but non zero for time varying
V( x, y, z) = (x cos xy + y) i + (y cos xy)
densities
j + (sin z2 + x2 + y2) k is
(C) It is zero for the electric flux density
(A) 2z cos z2
(D) It is zero for the magnetic flux
(B) sin xy + 2z cos z2
density
(C) x sin xy – cos z
(D) None of these.
th th th
EE - 2008 EE - 2013
7. A coil of 300 turns is wound on a non- 12. The curl of the gradient of the scalar field
magnetic core having a mean defined by x y y z 4z x is
circumference of 300 mm and a cross- (A) 4xya yza zxa
sectional area of 300 mm2. The (B) 4a a a
inductance of the coil corresponding to a (C) 4xy 4z a x yz a
magnetizing current of 3A will be y zx a
(Given that μ = 4 x 10-7 H/m) (D)
(A) 37.68 μH (C) 37. 68 μH 13. The flux density at a point in space given
(B) 113.04 μH (D) 113. 04 μH
by B 4xa ya a m . The
8. A capacitor consists of two metal plates value of constant k must be equal to
each 500 × 500 mm2 and spaced 6 mm (A) 2 (C) +0.5
apart. The space between the metal plates (B) 0.5 (D) +2
is filled with a glass plate of 4mm
thickness and a layer of paper of 2 mm 14. A dielectric slab with 500 mm x 500 mm
thickness. The relative permittivities of cross-section is 0.4 m long. The slab is
the glass and paper are 8 and 2 subjected to a uniform electric field of
respectively. Neglecting the fringing a a mm. The relative
effect, the capacitance will be (Given that permittivity of the dielectric material is
= 8.85 x F/m) equal to 2. The value of constant is
(A) 983.33 pF (C) 637.5 pF . × m . The energy stored in
(B) 1475 pF (D) 9956.25 pF the dielectric in Joules is
(A) . × (C) .5
9. Two point charges = 10 μC and (B) . × (D)
= 20μC are placed at coordinates
(1,1,0) and ( 1, 1,0) respectively, the EE - 2014
total electric flux passing through a plane 15. is the capacitance of a parallel plate
z = 20 will be capacitor with air as dielectric (as in
(A) 7.5 μC (C) 15.0 μC figure (a)). If, half of the entire gap as
(B) 13.5 μC (D) 22.5 μC shown in figure (b) is filled with a
dielectric of permittivity , the
10. An extra high voltage transmission line of
expression for the modified capacitance is
the length 300 km can be approximated
by a lossless line having propagation a
constant . radians per km.
(A) ⁄ (C) ⁄
Then the percentage ratio of the length to (B) (D)
wavelength will given by
(A) 24.24% (C) 19.05% 16. The following four vector fields are given
(B) 12.12% (D) 6.06% in Cartesian co-ordinate system. The
EE - 2012 vector field which does not satisfy the
11. The direction of vector A is radially property of magnetic flux density is
outward from the origin, with | | r (A) y a z a x a
where r x y z and k is a (B) z a x a y a
constant. The value of n for which ∇ A=0 (C) x a y a z a
is (D) y z a x z a x y a
(A) 2 (C) 1
(B) 2 (D) 0
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17. A parallel plate capacitor consisting two 19. A hollow metallic sphere of radius r is
dielectric materials is shown in the figure. kept at potential of 1 Volt. The total
The middle dielectric slab is placed electric flux coming out of the concentric
symmetrically with respect to the plates. spherical surface of radius R r is
ot (A) 4 r (C) 4
(B) 4 r (D) 4
20. A perfectly conducting metal plate is

placed in x-y plane in a right handed
coordinate system. A charge of √
If the potential difference between one of columbs is placed at coordinate (0, 0, 2).
the plates and the nearest surface of is the permittivity of free space.
dielectric interface is 2 Volts, then the Assume ̂ ̂ ̂ to be unit vectors along x, y
ratio is and z axes respectively. At the coordinate
(A) 1:4 (C) 3:2 √ √ ) the electric field vector ⃑
(B) 2:3 (D) 4:1 (Newtons/Columb) will be
⁄√ rf ct y co ucti g
18. The magnitude of magnetic flux density o um s m ta at
⃑B at a point having normal distance d y
meters from an infinitely extended wire √ √
carrying current of is i u its . x
An infinitely extended wire is laid along

the x-axis and is carrying current of 4 A in
the +ve x direction. Another infinitely
(A) √ ̂ (C) ̂
extended wire is laid along the y-axis and
(B) ̂ (D) √ ̂
is carrying 2 A current in the +ve y
direction. μ is permeability of free space.
Assume ̂ ̂ ̂ to be unit vectors along x, y
and z axes respectively.
am s μ
B
4
z
Assuming right handed
coordinate
system, magnetic field intensity, ⃑⃑ at
coordinate (2,1,0) will be
̂w r m
4
B ̂ m
̂ m
m
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Answer Keys and Explanations
ECE B B
* +a
1. [Ans. D] μ x y
∇×
From stokes theorem
5. [Ans. B]
∮ . ∬( ). s rom sto ’s th or m
2. [Ans. A] ∮ ∮∇× s
z axis
iv ∇×
∮ ⃑ ⃑⃑⃑ ∬ ⃑ ⃑⃑⃑⃑s
x axis x axis
6. [Ans. D]
z
z axis
cos √ √
( )
y
cos
⃑ . . .
â x
√
⃑ . â â × â â
â × â â
3. [Ans. D] Non-zero field components x and z
rom Maxw ’s quatio
∇.B 7. [Ans. C]
∇× ⃑ xyâ x â
xâ yâ
For static magnetic field,
xâ yâ
∇×
⃑. xy x x y
y
4. [Ans. C]
∇×B μ S
3 R
∇×B
μ
a a a 1
P Q
|| ||
μ 0 X
B B ⁄ ⁄
√ √
B B P-Q: y=1 dy=0
* a a
μ z z ⁄ ⁄
√ x √
B B ∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ x x |
( )a + ⁄
x y √ ⁄
√
Q-R:
th th th
x 11. [Ans. D]
√
By curl stroke theorem
4
∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ( ) y
√ ∮⃑ . c
R-S: ∬ ∇ × ⃑ . s ov r o surfac
Y=3 ,dy=0
⁄ ⁄√
√ 12. [Ans. *] Range 55.4 to 55.6
∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ x x x |
⁄ ⁄√ In phasor notation
√
⃑ si â m
r
= ( ) .
⃑⃑ si â m
S-P: r
x= x So, average poynting vector is
√
⃑ (⃑ × ⃑⃑ )
∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ( ) y .
si si â
√ r r
.
si â
So, ∮ ⃑ . ∫ ⃑. ∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ r
Average power crossing
∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑ ∫ ⃑ . ⃑⃑⃑
∫⃑ â r si
=1 ∫ . si
8. [Ans. D]
. ∫ si ∫
Apply the divergence theorem
.
∯ r. ⃑ x ∭ ∇. r
∭ v ( ∇. r and r is 13. [Ans. *] Range 2.9 to 3.1

r̅ xâ yâ zâ
the position vector)
r x y z
9. [Ans. C] r x r y r z
r x r y r z r
r a r x r
.ra x
r
r a x r r
a r r r
r a r ∇ r . â â â
r x r y r z
r a r r r
r r .∇ r r [ . â â â ]
x y z
r a iv r . ∇ r
r
r r
10. [Ans. C] (r. ) (r. )
x x y y
Magnetic held inside hole depends on r
(r. )
radius of hole i.e b and also on the z z
location of hole from center of the r r r
conductor ie d. Hole has uniform cross (r. ) r. ( )
x x x x
section magnetic field is uniform x r x
r. [ ] ( )
r r x r
th th th
x x
r. ( ) ( ) ∫si cos
r r r
x x ∫si si
( )
r r
r
(r. ) ∫si cos
x x
14. [Ans. *] Range 0.01 to 0.01 ∫ ∫ si .

si x × cos y cos x × si y
cur
x y . [cos ]
cos x × cos y cos x × cos y
Magnitude of curl of A = 0
∫ ∇×̅ . s . 4
15. [Ans. *] Range . .
A= ⁄cm ⁄cm ;
17. [Ans. D]
B= × ⁄cm 4 ⁄cm ̅ y yz x̂ xy xz ŷ
4
x xyz ẑ
×
̅ ∇v
4× x
Hence
∫ . tio
× ∇v [ y â xy z â yz â ]
∫ 4× x x tio B
∇v [ y yz x̂ xy xz ŷ
× ⁄
x xyz ẑ]
(4 × x)|
tio
× × × × ∇v [yz x̂ y xz ŷ xyz âz]
× tio
× × ∇v [ y yz x̂] xy xz ŷ
× xyz ẑ
Hence D option is correct
16. [Ans. *] Range 3.13 to 3.15 EE

̅ zâ xâ yâ 1. [Ans. D]
â â â ∇.B
∇. ot a ways Z ro
∇× ̅ | |
x y z
z x y 2. [Ans. D]
â â â Inductance
× × × ×
x y z represents a hemi- L=
sphere = 0.32115H
a I=
x r si cos x y z = .
× × .
y r si si r
z r cos s si
∫ ∇× ̅ . s ∫(â â â ) . s
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3. [Ans. A] 9. [Ans. C]
Force = Net flux will be half of the total charge,
= = 15µC
Energy = = 0.835J
.
F= . 4 10. [Ans. D]
m . ra ia s m
4. [Ans. B]
wav gth 4 4 .
v .
√ ×
. i gth
f .4 u ( ) .
× wav gth 4 4 .
. u ×
× .
.
11. [Ans. A]
Length = 3× √ × × ⃑
× × . r ̂
=185 km ∇. ⃑ r . r
5. [Ans. A] . r
harg ’i radius r = × r .
r r
or ∇. ⃑
r
r r
r
12. [Ans. D]
6. [Ans. A] cur [∇ sca ar]
iv rg c ∇.
13. [Ans. A]
=
cos xy yx si xy ∇. B 4x y
x y z
cos xy y si xy cos z . z 4
zcos z
14. [Ans. B]
7. [Ans. B]
L= 15. [Ans. A]
× × × Case (i)
=
×
= 113.09µH
8. [Ans. B] h
C=
. × × × × ×
= 4.4nF
×
. × × × ×
×
.
C = 1.467nF
th th th
.h
gio
h
.
4
Case(ii)
h
( )
In any system the charge Q = CV is

i- ctric constant
18. [Ans. C]
.h
h
m t r
[ ] am s
sourc
16. [Ans. C] m t r
̅ magnetic flux density [w
If B m ]
̅
∇. B
̅ B â
i. . if B B â B â
̅ 4 am s
∇. B
sourc
B B B Z
Must qua to z ro
x y z
̅
B ̅
B ̅
B
̅
Option (A) : ∇. B
μ 4 m s 4μ
̅
Option (B) : ∇. B ̅
B ̂ ̂w m
̅
Option (C) : ∇. B x y z
μ am s μ
̅
Option (D) : ∇. B ̅
B ( ̂) ̂w m
μ
17. [Ans. C] ̅
B ̂w m
̅
B μ
⃑⃑ ̂ am m
̅ ̅ = cross product of
Note: Direction of B
current direction and radial drections
respectively [Biot – savart’s aw]
4 4
gio
4
th th th
19. [Ans. A] × √ √
⃑ â â
4 |r | |r |
|r̅ | |r̅ | √ 4 √
(√ √ )
â
√
√ √
√
(√ √ )
â
The net flux leaving any closed surface is √
equal to charge enclosed in it √ √
Total electric flux leaving the √
co c tric s h r of ra ius ‘ ’ charg √ √ √ √ √
⃑ * +
co tai y th m ta s h r of ra ius ‘r’ √ √
ot tia at a oi t o m ta ic s h r
̅ √ [ 4̂]
4 r
̅ ̂ wto ⁄ o um
4 r
iv ot
4 r
(flux ) leaving the sphere of radius
‘ ’ 4 r
20. [Ans. B]
Method of image:
A perfect conducting plate acts like a
mirror for the existing charge by the
introduction of virtual charge opposite to
the existing charge and equivalent distant
from it
z axis
√ X
r̅
ou om s
√ √
r̅
√
ou om s
X
⃑ ⃑ ⃑ imag
√ √
⃑ â â
4 |r | |r |
th th th
EM Wave Propagation
ECE - 2006 meter from the interface. Due to the total

1. The electric field of an electromagnetic internal reflection, the transmitted beam
wave propagating in the positive has a circular cross-section over the
z-direction is given by interface. The area of the beam cross-
E= âx sin (t – βz) + ây sin (t – βz + ) section at the interface is given by
The wave is (A) (C) ⁄
(B) (D)
(A) linearly polarized in the z-direction
(B) elliptically polarized
ECE - 2007
(C) left-hand circularly polarized
5. The ⃗⃗ field ⁄ ) of a plane wave
(D) right-hand circularly polarized
propagating in free space given by
⃗⃗ √
2. When a plane wave travelling in free- ̂ βz) + ̂ ( βz + )
space is incident normally on a medium The time average power flow density in
having the fraction of power Watts is
transmitted into the medium is given by (A) ⁄ (C)
(A) ⁄ (C) ⁄ (B) ⁄ (D) ⁄
(B) ⁄ (D) ⁄
6. A right circularly polarized (RCP) plane
3. A medium is divided into regions I and II wave is incident at an angle of to the
about plane, as shown in the figure normal, on an air-dielectric interface. If
below. An electromagnetic wave with the reflected wave is linearly polarized,
electric field ̂ + ̂ + ̂ is the relative dielectric constant is
incident normally on the interface from Linearly
region-I, The electric field in region-II Polarized

RCP
at the interface is
Region 1 Region 2
Air
σ1 μ1 μ0 σ2 μ2 μ0 Dielectric
r1 = 3 r2 = 4
E1 E2
(A) √ (C) 2
x<0 x>0
(B) √ (D) 3
x=0
(A) ECE - 2008
(B) ̂ + ̂ ̂ 7. A uniform plane wave in the free space is
normally incident on an infinitely thick
(C) ̂ + ̂ + ̂
dielectric slab (dielectric constant
(D) ̂ + ̂ + ̂
). The magnitude of the reflection
coefficient is
4. A medium of relative permittivity =2
(A) 0 (C) 0.5
forms an interface with free-space. A (B) 0.3 (D) 0.8
point source of electromagnetic energy is
located in the medium at a depth of 1
th th th
ECE - 2010 11. The electric and magnetic fields for a TEM
8. The electric field component of a time wave of frequency 14 GHz in a
harmonic plane EM wave travelling in a homogeneous medium of relative
nonmagnetic lossless dielectric medium permittivity and relative permeability
has an amplitude of 1 V/m. If the relative μ are given by
permittivity of the medium is 4, the ⃗ )
̂ ⁄
magnitude of the time average power ⃗⃗ )
̂ ⁄
density vector ) is
Assuming the speed of light in free space
(A) ⁄ (C) ⁄ to be 3 × m/s, the intrinsic
(B) ⁄ (D) ⁄
p f fr p b h
relative permittivity of the medium and
9. A plane wave having the electric field
the electric field amplitude are
component ⃗ β )̂
(A)
V/m and traveling in free space is
incident normally on a lossless medium (B)
with μ μ and which occupies (C)
the region . The reflected magnetic (D)
field component is given by
(A) + ) ̂ A/m 12. A current sheet ̂ lies on the
(B) + ) ̂ A/m dielectric interface between two
dielectric media with μ in
(C) + ) ̂ A/m Region – 1 ( ) and μ in
(D) + ) ̂ A/m Region – 2 ( ). If the magnetic field in
Region – 1 at is
ECE - 2011 ⃗⃗ ̂ + ̂ , the magnetic field
10. Consider the following
statements in Region – 2 at is
regarding the complex Poynting vector ⃗
(Region – 2) :
for the power radiated by a point source μ
in an infinite homogeneous and lossless
medium Re(⃗ ) denotes the real part of ⃗ ,
S denotes a spherical surface whose (Region – 1) : μ
centre is at the point source, and ̂ (A) ⃗⃗ ̂ + ̂ ̂

denotes the unit surface normal on S.
(B) ⃗⃗ ̂ + ̂ ̂
Which of the following statements is
TRUE? (C) ⃗⃗ ̂ + ̂
(A) Re (⃗ ) remains constant at any radial (D) ⃗⃗ ̂ + ̂ + ̂
distance for the source
ECE - 2012
(B) Re (⃗ ) increases with increasing
13. The electric field of a uniform plane
radial distance from the source
electromagnetic wave in free space, along
(C) ∯ (⃗ ) ̂ remains constant at the positive x direction, is given by
any radial distance from the source ⃗ (̂ + ̂ ) The frequency and
(D) ∯ (⃗ ) ̂ decreases with polarization of the wave, respectively,-
increasing radial distance from the are
source (A) 1.2 GHz and left circular
th th th
(B) 4 Hz and left circular ECE - 2014

(C) 1.2 GHz and right circular 16. The force on a point charge +q kept at a
(D) 4 Hz and right circular distance d from the surface of an infinite
grounded metal plate in a medium of
ECE - 2013 permittivity is
Statement for Linked Answer Questions (A) 0
14and 15
(B) fr h p
A monochromatic plane wave of
wavelength μm is propagating in (C) r h p
the direction as shown in the figure
(D) r h p
below. ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ denote incident,
reflected, and transmitted electric field
vectors associated with the wave 17. If the electric field of a plane wave is
⃗ z ) ̂ z+ )
̂ z+ ) )
the polarization state of the plane wave is
(A) left elliptical
(B) left circular
(C) right elliptical
(D) right circular
18. A region shown below contains a perfect

conducting half-space and air. The surface
z current ⃗ on the surface of the perfect
conductor is ⃗ ̂ amperes per meter.
14. The angle of incidence and the ⃗⃗
The tangential field in the air just above
expression for ⃗ are the perfect conductor is
)
(A) ̂ ̂ ) √
√
(B) ̂ +̂ )
√ ⃗ r
)
(C) ̂ ̂ ) √
rf r
√
(D) ̂ ̂ )
√
(A) ̂ + ẑ) amperes per meter

15. The expression for ⃗ is (B) ̂ amperes per meter
)
(C) ẑ amperes per meter
(A) ̂ +̂ ) √
√ (D) ẑ amperes per meter
(B) – ̂ +̂ )
√
)
(C) ̂ +̂ ) √
√
)
(D) ̂ +̂ )
√
th th th
1. [Ans. C] 4. [Ans. D]
â  – βz) + â  – βz + ⁄ )
fr p )
) )
⁄ ) )
⁄ ) )
)
)
For total reflection √
) ( )
√
r
√
) √
⇒r
√
Left circularly polarized ( Direction of area of cross section r
propagation = + ̂ direction)
5. [Ans. D]
2. [Ans. A] For free space ,
)
=
=√ √
√ √
= √( √ ) + )
⇒ )
p
⇒
3. [Ans. C]
Tangential component and will be 6. [Ans. D]
same, for normal component
⇒ √
⇒
√
⇒
⇒ ⃗ + ⃗ + ⃗ √ √
7. [Ans. C]
Dielectric constant of free space,
Dielectric constant of dielectric
slab,
Magnitude of reflection coefficient,
th th th
√ √ 10. [Ans. C]
| |
√ +√ Complex poynting vector, ⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗ )
| | Average poynting vector, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗)
+
Point source is isotropic and radiates
power uniformly in the radial direction.
=0.5 r p rr
∫ ̂ ∮ ∫ (⃗ ) ̂
8. [Ans. C]
I reamain constant at any radial distance
from the source.But as W= r
For point source, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ) decrease
with increasing radial distance from the
source, according to the factor .
μ
√
11. [Ans. D]
μ ⃗ )
̂
)√
⃗⃗ )
̂
β
r
9. [Ans. A] f
⃗ β ) ̂ v/m
The wave is travelling in + y direction.
(̂ ⃗ ) But,
√
β )̂ √
β )̂
√ √ √
√ √
+
√ +√
√ √ √ √ 12. [Ans. A]
√ +√ √ +√ ̂
⃗ ̂
+
Therefore , reflected magnetic field And
μ
component, μ μ
μ
+β )̂ Normal component in x direction
Which indicates that the reflected wave is )̂ ̂
travelling in – y direction.
̂ + ̂
th th th
13. [Ans. A]
) √ )
)+√ )
f z
̅ [ ̅ + ̅ ] [ ]
r i since reflected ray and

h * + + incident ray lies in the same medium by
N f r ‘’ h ’
in left circular polarization ̅ [ ̅ + ̅ ] [ ]
̅ [ )̅
)
14. [Ans. C]
+ )̅ ] √
The given oblique incidence is an vertical
polarization i.e., ̅ is parallel to the plane
16. [Ans. C]
of incidence, ̅ is perpendicular to the
plane of incident. +
̅ [ ̅ ̅ ]
[ ] )
r h pr b
)
⇒√ √ p
⇒ )
)
h f
Force on a point charge +q is equals to
β + ) )
r f r )
)
Substituting equation (1) we get ff r
̅
r h p
[ )̅
[ ) )] Note: A prefect conducting plate acts like
)̅ ]
mirror for the existing charge
)
̅ [ ̅ ̅ ] √
√ √
17. [Ans. A]
)
̅ [̂ ̂ ] √ ̂ z ) ̂ z+ )
√
̂ z+ )
Two planar components
15. [Ans. A]
z+ )̂
The reflection co-efficient for parallel
z+ )̂
polarization is given by
Amplitudes unequal and phase diff
√ Hence it is elliptically polarized
z 0:
+√ ⇒ + )̂
+ )̂
th th th
√
r
√
r
√
√
r
√
√
( )
√
( )
√
√
( )
√
Direction of propagation: +z direction i.e.,

outside direction
The curl of left hand finger co-incides
with the locus of the points
Hence the wave is left elliptically
polarized
18. [Ans. D]
⃗ ̂ p
)
Perfect conductor on conductor = air
interface
̂ ⃗
| | |⃗ |
r f ̂
( ̂ +̂ +̂ ⃗ +̂ )
̂ p r
th th th
Transmission Lines
ECE - 2006 4. A load of 5 Ω i connec ed in hun in a 2-

Common data for Questions 1 and 2 wire transmission line of Z0 5 Ω a
A 30-Volts battery with zero source shown in the figure. The 2-port scattering
resistance is connected to a coaxial line of parameter matrix (S-matrix) of the shunt
characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms at element is
t = 0 second and terminated in an
unknown resistive load. The line length is
such that it takes 4 for an
Z0 5 Ω 5 Ω Z0 5 Ω
electromagnetic wave to travel from
source end to load end and vice-versa. At
4 the voltage at the load end is
found to be 40 Volts.
(A) [ ] (C) [ ]
1. The load resistance is
(A) 25 Ohms (C) 75 Ohms
(B) 50 Ohms (D) 100 Ohms
1 (D) [ ]
(B) [ ]
2. The steady-state current through the 1
load resistance is
ECE - 2008
(A) 1.2 Amps (C) 0.6 Amps
(B) 0.3 Amps (D) 0.4 Amps 5. One end of a loss-less transmission line
having the characteristic impedance of
ECE - 2007 75Ω and leng h of 1 cm i hor -circuited.
3. The parallel branches of 2-wire At 3 z , the input impedance at the
ran mi ion line are ermina ed in 1 Ω other end of the transmission line is
and 2 Ω re i er a shown in the figure. (A) 0 (C) Capacitive
The characteristic impedance of the line is (B) Resistive (D) Inductive
Z0 5 Ω and each ec ion ha a leng h of
ECE - 2009
. the voltage reflection coefficient at the 6. A transmission line terminates in two
input is branches, each of length /4, as
shown.The branches are terminated by
⁄4
⁄4 5 Ω load . The line are lo le and
Z 5
1 Ω have the characteristic impedances
Z0 5 Ω shown. Determine the impedance as
seen by the source
Z 5
4 ZL=50
2 Ω Z0=100Ω Ω
⁄4 4
Z0=50
Ω
(A) j (C) j Zi Z0=100Ω
4
ZL=50Ω
(B) (D)
(A) 2 Ω (C) 1 Ω
(B) 5 Ω (D) 25Ω
th th th
ECE - 2010 ECE - 2012

7. A transmission line has a characteristic 11. A coaxial cable with an inner diameter of
impedance of 50 Ω and a resistance of 0.1 1 mm and outer diameter of 2.4 mm is
Ω/m. If the line is distortionless, the filled with a dielectric of relative
attenuation constant (in Np/m) is permittivity 10.89.
(A) 500 (C) 0.014 Given
(B) 5 (D) 0.002
4π 1 ⁄m ⁄m the
8. In the circuit shown, all the transmission characteristic impedance of the cable is
line sections are lossless. The Voltage (A) 33 Ω (C) 143.3 Ω
S anding Wave Ra io (VSWR) on he 6 Ω (B) 1 Ω (D) 43.4 Ω
line is
Shor
12. A transmission line with a characteristic
impedance of 100 Ω is used to match a 50
3 Ω
8
Ω section to a 200 Ω section. If the
Z
matching is to be done both at 429 MHz

Z 6 Z 3 √2Ω Z 3 and 1 GHz, the length of the transmission
line can be approximately
4
(A) 82.5 cm (C) 1.85 m
(A) 1.00 (C) 2.50 (B) 1.58m (D) 1.75 m
(B) 1.64 (D) 3.00
ECE - 2013
ECE - 2011 13. The return loss of a device is found to be
9. A transmission line of characteristic 20 dB. The voltage standing wave ratio
(VSWR) and magnitude of reflection
impedance 50 Ω is terminated by a 50 Ω
coefficient is respectively
load. When excited by a sinusoidal voltage (A) 1.22 and 0.1 (C) 1.22 and 0.1
source at 10 GHz, the phase difference (B) 0.81 and 0.1 (D) 2.44 and 0.2
between two points spaced 2 mm apart
on he line i found o be π 4 radian . The ECE - 2014
phase velocity of the wave along the line 14. For a parallel plate transmission line, let v
is be the speed of propagation and Z be the
(A) .8 1 m (C) 1.6 1 m characteristic impedance. Neglecting
(B) 1.2 1 m (D) 3 1 m fringe effects, a reduction of the spacing
between the plates by a factor of two
10. A transmission line of characteristic results in
impedance 50 Ω is terminated in a load (A) halving of v and no change in Z
impedance Z . The VSWR of the line is (B) no changes in v and halving of Z
measured as 5 and the first of the voltage (C) no change in both v and Z
maxima in the line is observed at a (D) halving of both v and Z
distance of 4 from the load. The value
of Z is 15. The input impedance of a section of a
(A) 10 Ω lossless transmission line of characteristic
(B) 250 Ω impedance 50Ω is found to be real when
(C) (19.23 + j46.15) Ω the other end is terminated by a load
(D) (19.23 – j46.15) Ω Z ( R jx)Ω. If X is 30Ω, the value of R
(in Ω) is_________
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16. To maximize power transfer, a lossless

transmission line is to be matched to a
re i ive load impedance via a 4
transformer as shown.
o le ran mi ion line
⁄4 ran former
Z 5 Ω Z 1 Ω
The charac eri ic impedance (in Ω) of

he 4 ran former i _________.
17. Which one of the following field patterns

represents a TEM wave travelling in the
positive x direction?
(A) 8ŷ 4ẑ
(B) 2ŷ 3ẑ
(C) 2ẑ 2ŷ
(D) 3ŷ 4ẑ
18. In the transmission line shown, the

impedance Z (in ohms) between node A
and the ground is _________.
A
Z 5 Ω .5
5 Ω
1 Ω
Z
19. Assume that a plane wave in air with an

electric field
⃗ 1 co ( 3x √3z)â V/m
is incident on a non-magnetic dielectric
slab of relative permittivity 3 which
covers the region z > 0 . The angle of
transmission in the dielectric slab is
_________ degrees.
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1. [Ans. D] =
When at t= 0 switch is closed voltage
which will travel towards load is =
V+ = V =
Where R is battary resistance

4. [Ans. B]
V+ = 30×
Scattering Parameters
= 30V
[ ] [ ][ ]
Reflected wave voltage V V
At t = 400 µs total voltage at load Where a and a are incident wave and
V V V b b are reflected wave at port 1 and
V V (1 ) port 2 respectively. For matched network,
4 3 (1 ) Reflection coefficient is zero.
So, S S
1
And complete power transfer occurs so
= S S 1, so scattering matrix will
= be,
1
[ ]
1
Z 5 3Z 15
2Z 2 Z 1 Ω 5. [Ans. D]
Z Z [ ]
2. [Ans. D]
V a Z and 2 π
Z and l . 1m l 2 π . 1 36
4 1 Z j Z an l
.4 Amp = j 0.73 Z . So Inductive
3. [Ans. D] 6. [Ans. D]
For ec ion Z ⁄4
⁄4
Z Z
Z
Z 5 Z Z
5
Z
Z Z = 2
(5 ) Z = = 2
Z 25
1
( ) So Z
Z 12.5
Z Z Z =
.
8.34 25 Ω
.
∴Z 3
.
th th th
7. [Ans. D] Phase velocity, v

Z 5
2π 1 1 rad ec
R = 0.1
ha e hif per uni leng h
for distortion less line
rad m
 RC = LG
 = √R v 1.6 1 m
Z √ √
10. [Ans. A]
Voltage maximum in the line is observed
Z √
.
exactly at
G= =
( ) Therefore ‘z ’ hould be real
. . VSWR z 1 Ω (∵ Vol age
 = √R = √ .1 =0.002
( )
minimum at load)
8. [Ans. B]
11. [Ans. *]
For transmission line, Z 6
Z ln(b a)
( √ ) √
Z = 30 × 2 = 60 6
ln(2.4)
For transmission line, √1 .89
15.5 Ω
Z jZ an
Z Z [ ]
12. [Ans. B]
=Z [ ] Concepts: Matching section should be
have length
but Z Z jZ l odd multiple of ( ⁄4)
= j30 opera ing waveleng h
Z and Zin2 are in series Solution:
Z Z Z l
Therefore, Reflection co-efficient,
= 5 Ω 1 Ω 2 Ω
= ma ching
ec ion
=
or 429 z l .175m
4 4 1
√
| | √ . or 1 z l . 75 m
VSWR = = 1.64 4 4 2
√ .
Length l should be integral multiple of
9. [Ans. C] both l and l
The line is matched as Z Z 5 Ω and ∴ l mul iple of of l l
hence reflected wave a absent. mul iple of .525m
For the travelling wave, given: Hence 1.05 is the appropriate solution
Phase difference for a length of
2 mm π 4 rad
Frequency of excitation = 10 GHz
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13. [Ans. A] 15. [Ans. *] Range 39 to 41

Given- Return loss of a device =20dB
To find: Voltage standing wave ratio
Z 5 Ω Z R jx
(VSWR) and the magnitude reflection
coefficient
Solution overview:
Return Loss in dB= 2 log 8
Where Z jZ
i he magni ude of reflec ion coefficien . Z ( 8) which i real
Z jZ
1 R 3 j 5 j
VSWR Z
1 5 jR 3 j
Solution: R 8 j
Z
Return Loss in dB=2 2 log 2 Rj
∴ 1 log R 8 j 2 Rj
.1 Z
2 Rj 1 Rj
.
VSWR 1.22 Since Z i purely real Z
.
Conclusion: Option (A) is correct. 16 j R j
R 4 ohm
14. [Ans. B]
16. [Ans. *] Range 70 to 72
W ⁄4 ran former
Z 5 Ω Z 1 Ω
The characteristic impedance of

transformer is √1 5
7 .71Ω
h W 17. [Ans. B]
W h TEM wave travelling in the positive x
direction
Z √
Electric field and magnetic field goes in
– y and z direction respectively
V
√
Since the separation between the plates 18. [Ans. *] Range 32.99 to 34.01
reduced by a factor of 2 A
1. Phase velocity not effected
Z 5 Ω .5
2. Characteristic impedance becomes 5 Ω
1 Ω
half Z Z
3. Characteristic impedance becomes
half of the original
Z
Z 4 5 ohm
Z
Z Z (1 Ω)
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(1 )(5 )
Z
(15 )
Z 33.33 ohm
19. [Ans. *] Range 29 to 31

⃗ 1 co ( 3x √3z)â vol ⁄m
(3 ̂ √3 ̂ )
(Z ) ree pace
(Z )
3 ielec ric
Incident angle
(3â √3â ). (â )
co
√12
1
co ( ) 6
2
in
√ 2 nell aw
in
in in √
√3 1 1
in
2 √3 2
3
th th th
Guided E.M Waves

ECE - 2006 6. In the design of a single mode step index
1. A rectangular waveguide having optical fiber close to upper cut-off, the
mode as dominant mode is having a cutoff single –mode operation is NOT preserved
frequency of GHz for the mode. if,
The inner broad-wall dimension of the (A) Radius as well as operating
rectangular waveguide is wavelength are halved
(A) ⁄ (C) ⁄ (B) Radius as well as operating
(B) (D) wavelength are doubled
(C) Radius is halved and operating
2. In a microwave test bench, why is the wavelength is doubled
microwave signal amplitude modulated (D) Radius is doubled and operating
wavelength is halved
at the 1 kHz ?
(A) To increase the sensitivity of
ECE - 2009
measurement
(B) To transmit the signal to a far-off 7. Which of the following statements is true
place regarding the fundamental mode of the
(C) To study amplitude modulation metallic waveguides shown?
(D) Because crystal detector fails at
microwave frequencies
ECE - 2007
P: Coaxial Q: cylindrical
3. An air filled rectangular wave guide has
inner dimensions of 3cm 2cm. The
R: Rectangular
wave impedance of the mode of
propagation in the waveguide at a (A) Only P has no cut-off –frequency
frequency of 30GHz is (free space (B) Only Q has no cut-off -frequency
impedance ) (C) Only R has no cut-off -frequency
(A) 308 (C) (D) All three have cut-off –frequencies
(B) (D)
ECE - 2011
4. The ⃗ field in rectangular waveguide of 8. The modes in a rectangular waveguide
inner dimension given by are denoted by where m and
⃗ ( ) ( ) ( )̂ n are the Eigen numbers along the larger
and smaller dimensions of the waveguide
Where is a constant ,and a and b are
the dimensions along the x-axis and the respectively. Which one of the following
y-axis respectively. The mode of statements is TRUE?
propagation in the waveguide is (A) The mode of the waveguide
(A) (C) does not exist
(B) (D) (B) The mode of the waveguide
ECE - 2008 does not exist
5. A rectangular waveguide of internal (C) The and the modes both
dimensions (a = 4 cm and b = 3 cm) is to exist and have the same cut – off
be operated in mode. The minimum frequencies
operating frequency is (D) The and the modes both
(A) 6.25 (C) 5.0 exist and have the same cut – off
(B) 6.0 (D) 3.75 frequencies
th th th
ECE - 2012 Which one of the following statements is

9. A plane wave propagating in air with TRUE about the distortion of the received
⃗ ( ̂ ̂ ̂ ) ( )
is signal due to impedance mismatch?
incident on perfectly conducting slab (A) The signal gets distorted if ,
positioned at x 0. The ⃗ field of the irrespective of the value of
reflected wave is (B) The signal gets distorted if ,
( ) irrespective of the value of
(A) ( ̂ ̂ ̂ )
( )
(C) Signal distortion implies impedance
(B) ( ̂ ̂ ̂ )
mismatch at both ends:
( )
(C) ( ̂ ̂ ̂ )
( )
(D) ( ̂ ̂ ̂ ) (D) Impedance mismatches do NOT result
in signal distortion but reduce power
10. The magnetic field along the propagation transfer efficiency
direction inside a rectangular waveguide
with the cross-section shown in the figure 12. For a rectangular waveguide of internal
is dimensions ( ) the cut-off
( ) ( frequency for the mode is the
) ( ) arithmetic mean of the cut-off frequencies
y for mode and mode. If 𝑎=√
cm, the value of 𝑏 (in cm) is _____.
1.2 cm 13. Consider an air filled rectangular

waveguide with a cross-section of
3 cm x
5 cm × 3 cm. For this waveguide, the cut-
The phase velocity vp of the wave inside off frequency (in MHz) of mode is
the waveguide satisfies _________.
(A) vp> c (C) 0<vp< c
(B) vp= c (D) vp= 0
ECE - 2014
11. In the following figure, the transmitter Tx
sends a wideband modulated RF signal
via a coaxial cable to the receiver Rx. The
output impedance of Tx, the
characteristic impedance of the cable
and the input impedance of Rx are all
real.
th th th
1. [Ans. C]
6. [Ans. D]
, for T
√
. . 7. [Ans. A]
√
Coaxial cable has no cut off frequency.
18×
⇒ 8. [Ans. A]
’ gul
2. [Ans. A] waveguide.
Microwave signals usually amplitude
9. [Ans. C]
modulated because to know the
⃗ ( ̂ ̂ ̂ ) ( )
characteristic parameters such as
qu O ll g w l g … Since perfect conductor will reflect wave
The measurement system should be totally. Let reflected wave is ⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
sensitive Tangential component of incident wave is
⃗ ̂ ̂
3. [Ans. C] Since at the boundary net tangential field
will be zero. For this tangential
√
√ ( ) component of reflected wave (⃗ ) and
tangential component of incident wave
√( ) ( ) must cancel out each other, for this.
√
For ⃗ ̂ ⃗
⇒ .  Reflected wave will have normal
√
component such that it will cancel out
= = 10GHz the normal component of incident
= 399.85 wave, so it will be 𝑎̂
√ ( )
 Also the direction of propagation will
be in –x direction.
4. [Ans. A] So ⃗ ( ̂ ̂ ̂ ) ( )
⃗ ( ) ( ) ( )̂
10. [Ans. D]
TE wave in rectangular W/G is and
⃗ ( ) ̅ ̂
= √( ) ( )
u √
⇒ mode and = 2.094 x and = 2.618 x
∴ = 10.05 x
5. [Ans. A]
F g w
√ ∴W ’ g ⇒ =0
√
= √( ) ( )
= √
= 6.25GHz
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11. [Ans. C] 13. [Ans. *] Range 7750 to 7850
( )
( )
1. Distortion occurs when the impedance

⇒ √( ) ( )
mismatch occurs at both ends
2.
√
12. [Ans. *] Range 1.9 to 2.1

⇒ √
√ √
⇒
√ √
| [( ) ( ) ]
√ [√ ]
√ √
⇒ ⇒ ⇒
th th th
Antennas
ECE - 2006 5. For a Hertz dipole antenna, the Half
1. A mast antenna consisting of a 50 meter Power Beam Width (HPBW) in the E-
long vertical conductor operates over a plane is
perfectly conducting ground plane. It is (A) (C)
base-fed at a frequency of 600-kHz. The (B) (D)
radiation resistance of the antenna in
ohms is ECE - 2012
(A) ⁄ (C) ⁄ 6. The radiation pattern of an antenna in
(B) ⁄ (D) spherical co-ordinates is given by
F(θ) = cos4θ; ≤θ≤ /
2. A transmission line is feeding 1 Watt of The directivity of the antenna is
power to a horn antenna having a gain of (A) 10 dB (C) 11.5 dB
10 dB . The antenna is matched to the (B) 12.6 dB (D) 18 dB
transmission line. The total power ECE - 2014
radiated, by the horn antenna into the 7. For an antenna radiating in free space, the
free-space is electric field at a distance of 1 km is found
(A) 10 Watts (C) 0.1Watt to be 12 mV/m. Given that intrinsic
(B) 1 Watt (D) 0.01Watt
impedance of the free space is Ω , the
magnitude of average power density due
ECE - 2007
to this antenna at a distance of 2 km from
3. A ⁄ dipole is kept horizontally at a
the antenna (in nW/m ) is __________
height of ⁄ above a perfectly
conducting infinite ground plane. The 8. Match column A with column B.
radiation pattern in the plane of the Column A Column B
dipole ( ⃗ plane) looks approximately as 1. Point electromagnetic P. Highly
(A) y (B) y source directional
2. Dish antenna Q. End fire
3. Yagi-Uda antenna R. Isotropic
z
(A) 1 P (C) 1 Q
z
(C) y (D) 2 Q 2 P
y
3 R 3 R
(B) 1 R (D) 1 R
z z
2 P 2 Q
ECE - 2008 3 Q 3 P
4. At 20 , the gain of a parabolic dish
antenna of 1 meter diameter and 70%
efficiency is
(A) 15dB (C) 35 dB
(B) 25dB (D) 45dB
th th th
1. [Ans. A]
So gain = 0.7 × 6 ×( )
Since antenna is installed at conducting
ground, = 18.67×
= 42.7 dB.
= ( )
= = , = 5. [Ans. C]
Hertz dipole radiation field, Eθ ∝ sin θ
= ( ) HPBW in the E-plane is shown in Fig.
below:
= =
θ= 0
2. [Ans. B] = at θ = = at θ =
√ √
Gain of antenna is directive gain i.e.
different from that of amplifier. It radiates
same power, so 1W.
HPBW
3. [Ans. B]
The radiation pattern of the dipole ( / ) θ= 0 θ= 0
kept horizontally above perfectly

∴ alf power Beam Width = 0
conducting ground at different heights.
6. [Ans. A]
|F(θ)|
Directi it =
|F(θ)|
|F(θ)| =
/
d= / |F(θ)| = ∫ ∫ cos θ sin θ dθd

y
= [ ] [ ∫ t dt] =
Directi it = =
d= / z
= log = dB
y
7. [Ans. *] Range 47.6 to 47.8
Average power density at 1 km distance
=
d= z
=
4. [Ans. D] =
Gain = 6( ) = ( ) ower densit ∝ /d
at m d
D = m, = = = cm =( )
at m d
Efficiency = 70%
th th th
at m=
= W/m
= W/m
= nW/m
8. [Ans. B]
Isotropic: - Emits the radiation in all
directions {hypothetical point source]
Yagi-uda:- {array of dipoles]
Current to be supplied to all antennas

with equal amplitude and 180 phase
difference (i.e end fire antenna)
Dish antenna:- Parabolic antenna
(Directional)
th th th

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GATE QUESTION BANK EMT

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kept horizontally above perfectly

d= / |F(θ)| = ∫ ∫ cos θ sin θ dθd

Yagi-uda:- {array of dipoles]

Current to be supplied to all antennas

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