RECOGNIZE ASSUMPTIONS

When writers win international awards for their first published book, young writers feel encouraged
to publish their writing.

i. Some young writers require motivation to publish their writing. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in
the statement that young writers feel encouraged when other writers win awards for their first
published book. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Young writers have won international awards for their first published book. Answer: Although this
may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the age of the writers who might have won
international award for their first published book. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the
statement.

iii. Young writers usually win local or regional awards for their first published book. Answer: Although
this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about who usually wins the local or regional
awards for books. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

iv. All writers win at least any one award during their lifetime for their work. Answer: Although this may
be the case, there is nothing in the statement about how many awards a writer wins during their
lifetime. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

v. International awards are usually won by people who have published more than one book. Answer: It
is necessarily assumed in the statement writers winning awards for their first book acts as inspiration
and therefore it would not be a usual event. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vi. Young writers, when encouraged, will publish a book that will win international awards. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about writers encouraged to write
books end up with an international award. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

vii. Young writers who published their writing were encouraged to do so by the fact that writers win
international awards for their first published book. Answer: Though some young writers publish their
writing as a result of encouragement, it is not true for all young writers. Thus, this assumption is Not
Made in the statement.

viii. Writers have won international awards though they were new to the publishing world. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that writers win awards for their first book which acts as
inspiration for young writers. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.
ix. Young writers don’t publish their books because they are worried about the reviews by book critics.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that young writers are encouraged when first time
writers are recognized, therefore indicating that it is the fear of acceptance that prevents them from
publishing. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

x. Young writers presume that they have to publish many books before they can receive an
international award. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that young writers are
encouraged when first time writers are recognized, therefore indicating their assumption that only
established writers win awards. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

xi. Young writers think that publishers are interested only in books written by established authors.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that young writers assume that only established
writers win awards and therefore publishing industry does not give importance to first time writers.
Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

xii. People do not buy books written by writers who have not published any book before. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about what makes people decide to
buy a book. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xiii. Publishing a book for the first time requires a lot of confidence. Although this may be the case, there
is nothing in the statement about what makes writers decide to publish their first work. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.
2

Though direct mail advertising brings in the least number of customers for a brand compared to other
advertising like TV and newspaper commercials, it brings in the most committed customers for a
brand.

i. Customers who change brands often do not respond to direct mail advertising. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that committed customers are got through direct mail and
therefore only they respond to direct mail advertising. Thus, this assumption is Made in the
statement.

ii. Customers who change brands often are more than those who stay committed to a brand. Answer: It
is necessarily assumed in the statement that committed customers are fewer than those who are
targeted by TV and newspaper commercials. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Most people like to have seen a TV or newspaper advertisement of a product to have the confidence
to buy the product. Answer: It is stated that TV and newspaper commercials get the most response. It is
therefore necessarily assumed in the statement that most people prefer to buy products they have seen
on commercials. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. People who respond to direct mail advertising change a brand when the brand is not available in the
market. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that direct mail customers are committed
and do not change brand easily. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. Advertising through TV and newspaper commercials introduces a product to the greatest number of
people in a short period of time. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that TV and
newspaper commercials introduces a product to the greatest number of customers since it states that
they receive better response than direct mail advertising. Thus, this assumption is Made in the
statement.

vi. A new brand in the market gets most of its new customers by advertisements other than through
direct mails. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a new brand receives most of its
customers through TV and newspaper commercials since it states the least number of customers that
TV and newspaper commercials introduces a product to the greatest number of customers since it is
stated that direct mail advertising brings in the least number of customers. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

vii. Customers who frequently change brands watched TV or newspaper commercial of the brands.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that customers who change brands often watched
the brands’ commercials since it is stated that committed customers are got through direct mail
advertising. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.
viii. Brands that do not use direct mail advertising sell cheap products. Answer: There is nothing in the
statement about the price of products advertising through different media. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.

ix. People who do not respond to direct mail advertising watch a lot of TV commercials. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about how many TV commercials a
customer watches. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

x. Customers who watch a lot of TV commercials change brands frequently. Answer: Although this may
be the case, there is nothing in the statement about how many TV commercials a customer watches.
Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
3

When detectives use a combination of technologies like computer and laser to recreate crime scenes,
they can solve criminal cases faster and with more accuracy.

i. Accurate recreation of a crime scene with a combination of technologies takes less time than drawing
it on paper. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a combination of technologies helps
recreate crime scenes accurately in a short time since it is stated that detectives are using a combination
of technologies to help solve cases faster and with more accuracy. Thus, this assumption is Made in
the statement.

ii. The accuracy of a crime scene can be increased when it is recreated by a combination of technologies.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a combination of technologies helps recreate
crime scenes more accurately than other methods as it is stated that detectives use this to solve cases
faster and with more accuracy. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. A combination of technologies allows detectives to view a crime scene in greater details. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that a crime scene can be viewed in greater detail as detectives
take its help solve cases with more accuracy. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. Criminal cases will take a long time to solve if technologies such as computer and laser are not used.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that detectives will take a longer time to solve a case
if they did not use a combination of technologies. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. Recreating crime scenes through a combination of technologies is more helpful than the evidence
collected from a crime scene. Answer: Although technologies help in solving crime faster and with more
accuracy, there is nothing in the statement about the importance of evidence collected from a crime
scene. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

vi. Computer technology is better when combined with other technologies while solving criminal cases.
Answer: Although technologies help in solving crime faster and with more accuracy, there is nothing in
the statement about a particular technology being more effective when combined with other
technologies. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

vii. Detectives solve more than one criminal case in a given time frame when they use more than one
technology to solve criminal cases. Answer: Although this might be the case, there is nothing in the
statement about how many cases detectives solve in a particular timeframe. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.

viii. The benefits from a technology are always greater when combined with other technologies.
Answer: Although technologies help in solving crime faster and with more accuracy, there is nothing in
the statement about a particular technology being more effective when combined with other
technologies. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

ix. A combination of technologies could be used to find new details about crime scenes in criminal cases
that have not been solved. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a combination of
technologies can be used in unsolved criminal case as it states that it can help to study crime scenes
better. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

x. Detectives who do not take the help of technologies are unable to solve most of the criminal cases
they investigate. Answer: Although technologies help in solving crime faster and with more accuracy,
there is nothing in the statement about how many cases are solved by detectives who do and do not use
the technology. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
4

The popularity of a movie star becomes higher if all the action scenes in a movie are recorded with the
star instead of a body double.

i. Movie stars showcase more skills in movies in which they did not use body doubles for recording
action scenes. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a recording action scenes without
a body double showcases a star’s many skills. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Little known movie stars have become famous by avoiding body doubles to record action scenes.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that movie stars have been recognized better when
they record action scenes without a body double. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Some famous movie stars have recorded action scenes without using a body double. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that movie stars value has increased after recording action scenes
without a body double indicating that some present famous stars used the strategy to become famous.
Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. A body double will agree to do all the action scenes in a movie. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in
the statement that body doubles will agree to do any kind of action scene if a movie star is not willing to
use a body double. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. All action scenes in a movie can be recorded using only the movie star. Answer: It is necessarily
assumed in the statement that a movie star can do all the action scenes in a movie if the star does not
want to use a body double. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vi. Movie stars are looking for ways to increase their star value in the film industry. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that a movie star will be willing to record all action scenes without
using a body double to increase their market value. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vii. A movie star of high value will always insist on doing all the action scenes without a body double.
Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about celebrity stars
willingness to record action scenes without a body double. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the
statement.

viii. A body double is used to record action scenes only for stars who are not celebrities. Answer: There
is nothing in the statement about the reasons for using or not using a body double for different stars.
Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
ix. Movies that use body doubles for action scenes do not make much profit. Answer: There is nothing in
the statement about the profits made by movies that do or do not use a body double to record action
scenes. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

x. Film producers prefer movie stars who want to record action scenes without using a body double.
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the preference of producers for
stars who want to do all the action scenes without a body double. Thus, this assumption is Not Made
in the statement.

xi. Highly rated movie stars are not expected to record action scenes without a body double. There is
nothing in the statement about the expectations from a highly rated movie star. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.
5

The environment and human health can be better protected if farmers grow vegetables using organic
fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers.

i. Vegetables grown using organic fertilizers reduce health risks in people who consume them. Answer:
It is necessarily assumed in the statement that organically produced vegetable reduces health risks as it
states that organic fertilizers protect human health. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Environment conditions deteriorate in areas that use chemical fertilizers for farming. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that if chemical fertilizers are used environment will be
threatened as it states that the environment can be better protected by using chemical fertilizers. Thus,
this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Some health problems have been connected to the chemicals used in fertilizers to grow crops.
Answer: The statement says that human health can be better protected if organic fertilizers are used.
Therefore it is necessarily assumed in the statement that chemical fertilizers cause health problems.
Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. Environment protection is a responsibility of both the farmers and consumers. Answer: Since the
statement talks about farmers growing vegetables using organic fertilizers and consumer health, it is
necessarily assumed in the statement that environment can be protected by both farmers and
consumers. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. Farmers who raise vegetable crops are concerned about the health of the consumers. Answer: Since
the statement talks about protecting human health through the use of organic fertilizers, it is necessarily
assumed in the statement that farmers are concerned about consumer health. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

vi. Consumers prefer buying farm products that are grown using organic fertilizers than chemical
fertilizers.
Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the preference of
consumers for vegetables that are grown using organic fertilizers. Thus, this assumption is Not Made
in the statement.

vii. Farmers will make the same or more profit from crops grown using organic crops compared to crops
grown using chemical fertilizers. Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the
statement about the profits made from crops grown with different fertilizers. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.
viii. It is cheaper to grow vegetable crops using organic fertilizers than chemical fertilizers. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the cost involved in growing
vegetables with different types of fertilisers. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

ix. Customers prefer to buy vegetables that do not harm the environment and human health. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the preference of consumers for
vegetables that are grown using organic fertilizers. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the
statement.

x. Damages caused to the environment by air pollution can be reversed by growing crops using organic
fertilizers. Answer: There is nothing in the statement about the special benefits of growing crops using
organic fertilizers. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xi. Healthy people do not buy vegetables grown using chemical fertilizers. Answer: Although this may be
the case, there is nothing in the statement about the buying preferences of healthy people. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.
6

A reputed retail business uses mystery shoppers in its stores to receive feedback on its service staff.

i. Not using mystery shoppers to receive feedback affects the performance of the service staff. Answer:
It is necessarily assumed in the statement that receiving feedback from mystery shoppers helps in
maintaining the reputation regarding service. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Retail businesses can lose their reputation if they do not receive feedback on their service
performance. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that retail businesses use feedback
from mystery shoppers to maintain their reputation. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Feedback from mystery shoppers allows for objective evaluation of the service staff. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that feedback on service staff is taken from mystery shoppers for
objective evaluation of the staff. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. Evaluation of service staff performance by store managers is not sufficient. Answer: It is necessarily
assumed in the statement that an evaluation by store managers is not sufficient as the business takes
feedback on service staff from mystery shoppers. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. A retail business can judge its reputation in the industry by using the feedback from mystery
shoppers. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that feedback on service staff is taken
from mystery shoppers to check if the feedback is consistent with the reputation in the retail market.
Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vi. Regular shoppers are more interested in shopping than in studying the behavior of the service staff.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that feedback from mystery shoppers are valuable
because regular shopper concentrate on shopping but mystery shoppers go to a store primarily to
evaluate the store. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vii. The service areas in which a retail business needs improvement can be identified using the feedback
from mystery shoppers. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that feedback on service
staff is taken from mystery shoppers to check if the feedback points to service gaps in the stores. Thus,
this assumption is Made in the statement.

viii. Mystery shoppers do a professional job of providing feedback about service levels. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that mystery shoppers do a professional job of providing feedback
because they go to a store primarily to evaluate the store. Thus, this assumption is Made in the
statement.
ix. Service staff in a retail store cannot differentiate between a mystery shopper and a regular shopper.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that service staff cannot differentiate between
mystery shoppers and regular shoppers because mystery shoppers are evaluating the store while
shopping. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

x. Service staff in a retail store knows that mystery shoppers are being used to evaluate the service
levels in the store. Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a
conclusion about the awareness of service staff regarding the use of mystery shoppers. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xi. Retail businesses that use feedback from mystery shoppers are less affected by changing economic
trends. Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion
about the awareness of service staff regarding the use of mystery shoppers. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.

xii. Most of the retail stores that offer purchase discounts use mystery shoppers to receive feedback on
the store’s service level. Answer: There is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about stores
offer purchase discounts because they use mystery shoppers. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in
the statement.

xiii. While shopping at a store, regular customers can identify mystery shoppers. Answer: Although this
may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about a regular shopper’s
ability to identify a mystery shopper. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xiv.Mystery shoppers ask the service staff more questions than a regular shopper would do. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about the way
different shoppers interact with the service staff. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
7.

The courage to undertake an unplanned endeavor is a reward in itself.

i. The thrill of facing the unexpected requires no special recognition. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in
the statement that the thrill of facing the unexpected is a reward in itself. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

ii. People who carefully plan a task require the successful completion of the task to feel rewarded.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that people who take up planned endeavors do not
have the reward of the courage and therefore will feel rewarded only when they successfully complete
the endeavor. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Reducing the risk factors in an endeavor makes the endeavor less exciting. Answer: It is necessarily
assumed in the statement that reducing the risk factors will make the endeavor less exciting as it states
that it is the unplanned endeavors that bestows a reward on the undertaker. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

iv. A successful person is one who has faced many unpredictable circumstances. Answer: It is necessarily
assumed in the statement that to feel rewarded one should have had the courage to undertake
unplanned endeavors. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. Courageous people do not engage in tasks purely for money or recognition. Answer: Although this
may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about people who do not
engage in tasks purely for money or recognition. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

vi. Cowards cannot understand the experience of facing unexpected situations. Answer: Although this
may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about people who understands
the experience of being in unexpected situations. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the
statement.

vii. People who take risks are less concerned about the success or failure of an endeavor. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about how much
people who undertake unplanned endeavors are concerned about the success or failure of the
endeavor. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

viii. The excitement of being involved in a unplanned task makes one forget about the completion of the
task. Answer: There is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion that an unplanned task can cause
enough excitement to make one forget about the completion of the task. Thus, this assumption is Not
Made in the statement.
ix. There is nothing new to learn from a project that involves following a routine set of procedures.
Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to conclude about what can or
cannot be learnt from a project that involves following a routine set of procedures. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.

x. Only courageous people will be willing to be part of a project that has no set guidelines to follow.
Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about
the type of people who will be willing to be part of a project that has no set guidelines to follow. Thus,
this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xi. Only courageous people are aware of a set of rules to apply in unpredictable circumstances. Answer:
There is nothing in the statement to make a conclusion about what courageous people do when they
face unpredictable circumstances. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
8.

Organizations should plan development programs that help employees meet their individual career
goals as well as the organization’s goals.

i. Training employees to meet organization goals is insufficient if they are not trained to meet their
individual career goals. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that training an employee to
meet organization’s goals is insufficient without helping employees to achieve their individual career
goals. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Some employees are more focused on meeting their individual career goals than organization goals. .
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that some employees are more focused on meeting
their individual career goals as it states that employees need development programs to help them meet
the organization’s goals. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Organizations neglect individual career goals of employees while training them to understand the
organization’s goals. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that organizations neglect
individual career goals of employees as it states that development programs should help employees
meet their individual career goals. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. There are experts who can develop programs that can reconcile the differences between individual
goals and organization goals. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement as it states that
development programs should help employees meet the organization’s goals as well as their individual
career goals.. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. Employees aspire to grow beyond their current positions in their organization. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that employees aspire to grow in career as it states that the
organization should help an employee meet their individual career goals. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

vi. A team manager can evaluate the individual career goals of a team member. Answer: It is necessarily
assumed in the statement that a team manager can evaluate the individual career goals of a team
member as it states that the organization should help an employee meet their individual career
goals.Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vii. An employee should be prepared for future challenging positions in the organization. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that n employee should be prepared for future challenging
positions as it states that the organization should help an employee meet their individual career
goals.Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.
viii. A development program planned for one employee cannot be used for another employee. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to conclude if different employees have
different individual career goals. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

ix. It is difficult for an employee to meet their individual career goals without the intervention of the
organization. Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to conclude
there are no other ways for an employee to meet their individual career goals. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.

x. An organization can educate an employee to deal with professional rivalries in the workplace.
Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to conclude that the
development program teach employees how to handle professional rivalries in the workplace. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xi. Development programs replace the need for continuing education to maintain one’s professional
skills. Answer: There is nothing in the statement about how well development programs function as
substitutes for continuing education requirements of professionals. Thus, this assumption is Not Made
in the statement.

xii. Development programs for employees designed by a consultant outside the organization will
understand the individual career goals of an employee better. Answer: The statement does not discuss
anything about the most suitable person to design development programs for an organization’s
employees. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xiii. An organization’s goals conflict with an employee’s individual career goals. Answer: Although this
may be the case, there is nothing in the statement to conclude how an individual career goals are
different from that of the organization’s goals. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
9.

Since profits are declining, the hiring policy should be changed to allow hiring candidates with no
previous work experience and save money from salary payouts.

i. Experienced candidates are hired at the cost of company’s profit. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in
the statement that the salary payout for an experienced candidate cuts a company’s profit. Thus, this
assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Previous work experience of a candidate adds no financial value to a company. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that the previous experience a candidate brings to the job adds no
financial advantages to the company. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. The salary of inexperienced employees has no impact on the profit of a company. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that the salary payout for an inexperienced candidate is negligible
and does not affect a company’s profit. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. Candidates with no previous work experience will accept low salary packages. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that candidates with no previous work experience will accept low
salary packages as it states that money saved from hiring inexperienced people will cut the company’s
losses. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. Bringing down the cost to the company by paying less salary will cut the company’s losses. Answer: It
is necessarily assumed in the statement that hiring inexperienced people at a low salary will cut the
company’s losses. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vi. It is better to take a risk and hire inexperienced candidates than allow profits to decline. Answer: It is
necessarily assumed in the statement that the hiring policy needs to be changed to save money by
cutting losses. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vii. Candidates with no previous work experience can think of better ideas than experienced candidates.
Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement that says about the ability by
inexperienced candidates to think of ideas to increase profits. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in
the statement.

viii. Experienced candidates are affecting the job opportunities of candidates with no previous
experience. Answer: Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement that says how
experienced people affect the job opportunities of inexperienced candidates. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.
ix. Changing a hiring policy during times of declining profits helps to cut the company’s losses. Answer:
There is nothing in the statement that discusses how hiring policies change the performance of company
profits. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

x. A company should take risks by changing its hiring policy when its profits start declining. Answer:
There is nothing in the statement that discusses how hiring policies change the performance of company
profits. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
10.

If teenagers are provided with a monthly allowance by their parents, they will not engage in stealing.

i. A teenager will understand the importance of money when provided with money to manage the
teenager’s needs. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that providing monthly allowance
makes a teenager understand the value of money well enough to prevent them from stealing money.
Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. Making a budget to buy what one wants can be taught to teenagers by providing them with a monthly
allowance. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a monthly allowance will be used by
a teenager to budget their purchases. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. If not provided with a monthly allowance, teenagers often steal things which they cannot afford to
buy. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that teenagers with no money will end up
stealing things. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. Teenagers who steal because they were not provided with an allowance do not turn out to be good
citizens. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that teenagers become bad citizens by
stealing things which they would not have stolen if they have an allowance. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

v. Things that a teenager is tempted to steal can be purchased with money from a monthly allowance.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement teenagers can buy everything they want with their
monthly allowance. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vi. Teenagers do not use the monthly allowance they receive to engage in illegal activities. Answer:
There is nothing in the statement about the ways a teenager can spend a monthly allowance. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.

vii. Parents are responsible for the harm their teenager children cause the society by stealing. Answer: It
is necessarily assumed in the statement parents are responsible for the harm their teenager children
cause the society because they did not provide them with a monthly allowance. Thus, this assumption is
Made in the statement.

viii. Teenagers who are not provided with monthly allowance are from families with a criminal
background. Answer: There is nothing in the statement about the character of a family that provides or
does not provide a monthly allowance to its teenage kids. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the
statement.
ix. Teenagers who steal are from families that could not afford to provide a monthly allowance to the
kids.

x. Parents who do not give a monthly allowance to its teenage kids expect the kids to buy what they
want with money they earn themselves. Answer: There is nothing in the statement about the reasons
why some parents do not give their teenage kids an allowance. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in
the statement.

xi. Teenagers who buy things with money they earn from working part time for money do not receive a
monthly allowance from their parents. Answer: There is nothing in the statement about the why a
teenager would want to buy things with money they earn themselves. Thus, this assumption is Not
Made in the statement.
11.

Taking part in as many chess tournaments as possible is the only way to become an international
chess champion.

i. Despite losing in tournament competitions, chess players have gone ahead to become chess
champions. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that chess champions have lost in
tournaments as they take part in tournaments as practice sessions. Thus, this assumption is Made in
the statement.

ii. Playing chess with friends and family does not provide sufficient practice to become a skilled chess
player. Answer: It is necessarily assumed more than playing with family and friends is required in the
form of taking part in tournaments to master the art of playing chess. Thus, this assumption is Made
in the statement.

iii. Many chess champions worked their way to success through chess club and school tournaments.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that many champions have taken part in local
tournaments as practice sessions to master the art of playing chess. Thus, this assumption is Made in
the statement.

iv. The demands of playing in a chess tournament cannot be learned by playing for entertainment.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed that only taking part in chess tournaments helps in preparing to
become a chess champion. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

v. To master the art of playing chess, players need to learn to perform under the pressure of
competition. Answer: It is necessarily assumed that learning to perform under pressure like taking part
in chess tournaments helps in mastering the art of playing chess. Thus, this assumption is Made in the
statement.

vi. Chess players can measure their strengths and weaknesses when they take part in chess
tournaments. Answer: It is necessarily assumed that taking part in chess competitions can help a player
measure their skill against their opponent. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

vii. The goal of every competitor in a chess tournament is to become a chess champion. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the goals of participants in a
chess tournament. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

ix. Only players who want to take up playing chess as a career take part in chess tournaments. Answer:
Although this may be the case, there is nothing in the statement about the goals of participants in a
chess tournament. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
x. Winning all the competitions in a chess tournament is not easy. Answer: Although this may be the
case, there is nothing in the statement about the difficulty of winning all competitions in a chess
tournament. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xi. The art of playing chess is different from other arts forms. Answer: Although this may be the case,
there is nothing in the statement about the differences between chess and other art forms. Thus, this
assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xii. Chess is a game that is different from all other competitive games. Answer: Although this may be the
case, there is nothing in the statement that compares a chess game with other competitive games. Thus,
this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

xiii. Chess tournaments are more difficult to win than other game tournaments. Answer: Although this
may be the case, there is nothing in the statement that compares chess tournaments with other game
tournaments. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
12.

Patient health benefits the most when health care professionals collaborate with each other.

i. A breakthrough result in a patient’s health is possible when the patient’s physician belongs to a health
care professionals association. Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a patient’s
health can see improvement if the patient’s physician is in a collaborative set up with other
professionals. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

ii. A patient’s health is dependent on the expertise of more than one health care professional. Answer:
It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a patient’s health requires a collaborative teamwork
from healthcare professionals. Thus, this assumption is Made in the statement.

iii. Health care professionals who work in isolation do not have the best interest of patients in mind.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed in the statement that a health care professional works in isolation
they do not give the best care a collaborative approach would have given the patient. Thus, this
assumption is Made in the statement.

iv. An inexperienced physician can take the advice of an experienced nurse to provide patient care.
Answer: It is necessarily assumed that in a collaborative setup health care professionals take the
advantage of each other’s expertise to provide patient care. Thus, this assumption is Made in the
statement.

v. A research study conducted by a team of a laboratory technicians and pharmacists can lead to new
findings in safe use of medication. Answer: This is necessarily assumed in the statement because the
statement talks about the benefits to patient when health care professionals collaborate with each
other. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

vi. Collaboration between health care professionals helps to restrict interference from the family
members of the patient. Answer: Although a team of professionals can help in compliance by the family,
there is nothing in the statement about restricting family member interference. Thus, this assumption is
Not Made in the statement.

vii. Health care professionals collaborate with each other only for the benefit of patients. Answer: There
is nothing in the statement to conclude that health care professional do not collaborate for other
reasons like research studies. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
viii. When health care professional collaborate with each other they are eligible to attend to any health
emergency of a patient. Answer: There is nothing in the statement to conclude that any expert health
care professional can attend to any health emergency because he or she works in a collaborative setup.
Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.

ix. Patients get to choose their own treatment when they are clients of a health care professional who
collaborates with other health care professionals. Answer: There is nothing in the statement which
discusses about patient right to choose their treatment. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the
statement.

x. Health care professionals who work in isolation are interested in only furthering their own
professional goals. Answer: There is nothing in the statement which discusses about why some health
care professionals work in isolation. Thus, this assumption is Not Made in the statement.
Grade 6

ALGEBRA

2. Use algebraic functions, patterns, and language across a variety of contexts.

c. Formulate algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities to reflect a given

situation. (DOK 2)

In this lesson, Ms. Z wants to introduce the concept of forming algebraic expressions, equations,
and inequalities to the class.

She has asked the class to plan a day field trip to the World Museum of Natural Science in
Jackson. She has shown pictures of some of the exhibits at the museum and has read out
information on the museum timings, entry fees, and guided tours. At some point during the
planning, Ms. Z leads the discussion towards finding the total amount of money they would need
to go on the field trip. The students discuss the different costs involved like transportation costs,
the entry fee to the museum, and any other additional costs, like that for food.

Ms. Z asks the students how they would calculate the total cost of the trip. She guides students to
say that adding transportation costs, entry fees, cost of food, and any other costs mentioned, will
be the total cost of the trip.

[Say] How can you convert a story like this into an algebraic expression, equation, or inequality?

Let us first recall some concepts you may already be familiar with.

A variable is a letter or a symbol used to represent an unknown bit of information. In other

words, it is a letter that is used to replace a number.

It can be any letter like

[Show and say]

x, y

An algebraic expression is a number sentence with at least one variable, one number, and one
operation.

For example,

[Show and say]

x+4

is an algebraic expression.
When you use the equal sign to equate the algebraic expression to a number or another
expression, you form an algebraic equation.

[Show and say]

x + 4 = 20

is an algebraic equation

When you replace the equal sign in an algebraic equation to an inequality symbol like

[Show and say]

<, >, <=, >=

you form an algebraic inequality.

[Show and say]

x + 4 < 20

is an algebraic inequality

Let's also recall some key words that are particularly useful to determine what operation you
should use when translating a phrase to an expression.

Words like more than, total of, sum, usually indicate addition

[Show and say]

addition - more than, total of, sum

For example, the phrase "5 more than x" can be translated as 5 + x

[Show and say]

5 more than x = 5 + x

Words like less, difference, less than, minus, indicate subtraction

How can you translate 5 less than x?

[Give students 1 minute to give their answers]

[Show and say]

5 less than x = x - 5

[Some students may have written 5 - x]

A common mistake made with the phrase "less than" is to translate the numbers in the order in
which they appear. If you did that you would have got the expression 5 - x , which is incorrect.

Words like product, times, of, indicate multiplication

For example, 5 times x can be translated as 5 × x.

[Show and say]

5 times x = 5 × x.

When you have a multiplication operation between a number and variable it is not necessary to
write the multiplication symbol. This can be simply written as 5x.

Words like out of, shared equally, quotient, indicate division

For example, 5 out of x can be translated as 5 ÷ x

[Show and say]

5 out of x = 5 ÷ x

You should also know how to translate certain phrases to inequality symbols.

[Show and say] "at least" translates to >=

[Show and say] "at most", "not more than" translates to <=

Now, let us look at a situation together and see how we can form an algebraic equation for it.

Example 1

[Show and say]

Some students in the drama club are making animal masks for a school musical. They have
to make a total of 32 masks. They have already made 14. How many more masks do they
have to make?

The first step to formulating an algebraic expression, equation, or inequality is to identify what
you are trying to determine. Once you do that, use a variable to represent that unknown piece of
information.

In our example, we want to find how many more masks the students have to make. So, this
becomes the unknown and we can use x to represent it.

[show]

x represents the number of masks that still needs to be made

The next step to formulating an expression, equation, or inequality is to identify the information
we already have.

We know that the total number of masks to be made is 32 and that they have already made 14.

[show]

Total number of masks to be made = 32

Number of masks already made = 14

Now that we have all the numbers, we should find the operation to combine some of these
numbers.

There are two ways of looking at the situation. We want to find the number we should add to 14
to get 32. When I translate this, I get

[Show and say]

14 + x = 32

or we want to find the difference of 32 and 14. When I translate this, I get

[Show and say]

32 - 14 = x

And there you have it. We have just translated the situation to an algebraic equation.

Now, let’s look at a situation from which we can form an algebraic inequality.

Example 2.

Moira is helping her mother bake cookies for a bake sale. They bake 12 cookies in each batch.
How many batches of cookies will they have to bake to get a total of at least 45 cookies?

The only difference in formulating an inequality from formulating an equation is using the
inequality symbols instead of the equality sign.

Let's go step by step.

The first step is to find the unknown and use a variable to represent it. Can you tell me what the
variable is?

[possible student response] The number of batches of cookies to bake

Yes, we want to find the number of batches of cookies to bake so lets us use x to represent it.
[Show]

x is the number of batches of cookies to bake

Next, identify all the information you have.

There should be 45 or more cookies and each batch gives 12 cookies.

[Show]

The total number of cookies required >= 45

Number of cookies in each batch = 12

Now, identify the operation to use.

In this situation what we are trying to find is how many times they have to bake batches of 12
cookies to get a total of 45 or more cookies. This is a situation that calls for repeated addition, or
multiplication.

[show]

12 × x >= 45

[show]

12x >= 45

To summarize, let's go through the steps of translating a word problem to an algebraic

expression, equation, or inequality.

[Show]

Step 1. Use a variable to represent the unknown number

Step 2. Identify all the given information

Step 3. Identify the mathematical operations. Look for "key" words if available.
Worksheet 1 - For Class Use

1. The environment club wants to print flyers to put up in their school. The cost of printing a
flyer is $0.03. Which of these inequalities can be used to find x, the greatest number of flyers that
they can get printed if they do not want to spend more than $10 on printing the flyers?

A. 0.03x  10

B. 0.03x  10

C. 0.03  x  10

D. 0.03 10  x

2. Ms. Meredith rented an inflatable moonwalk for a day, for the school fair. She paid $133 after
using a $15 coupon. Which of these equations can be used to find x, the cost of renting the
moonwalk for a day, without using any coupons?

A. 15 + x = 133

B. x - 15 = 133

C. 133 - x = 15

D. 133 + x = 15

Answers:

1. A

2. B

Worksheet 2 – For Home Use

1. Translate the phrase to an algebraic inequality.

The sum of x and 6 is less than 10

______________________________

2. Jack is reading a book with 182 pages. He has already read 72 pages. Which of these
equations can be used to find x, the number of pages he has left to read?

A. 182 - 72 = x

B. 182 + 72 = x

C. 182 + x = 72
D. x - 72 = 182

Answers:

3. x + 6 < 10

4. A
 ITEM
0
Project Author Item year
The table shows the temperature of four cities on a ICAS-M Vega 2011
particular day.
Strand Year level Difficulty level
City A B C D N&A 9/11 E
Temperature −3 °C 2 °C −8 °C 0 °C Descriptor Ordering and comparing
all integers including
negative
The cities are arranged in order of temperature from the
greatest to the least. Reminder
What is the order? Temperature

(A) City C, City A, City B, City D

(B) City B, City D, City C, City A Options Reasoning for options
(C) City C, City A, City D, City B (A) Arranges the numbers without considering
(D) City B, City D, City A, City C the negative signs.
25
(B) Assumes −8 to be greater than −3.
(C) Orders from least to greatest
(D) Correct response

Key (D)

Question History (for reviewers)

Review Date Comment
Status
First Review
Reviewer
name:
Review 2
Reviewer
50 name:
Review 3
Reviewer
name:
Review 4
Reviewer
name:
Review 5
Reviewer
name:

Comments:

75

T:\Projects\2010\ICAS\Maths\ProjectWorkDocuments\TestConstruction\Item-Template.doc
 Full solution:
0

The smallest integer out of −3, 2, −8 and 0 is −8. Hence, City C

has the least temperature. The largest integer is 2. Hence, City B
has the greatest temperature. −3 is less than 0. Hence, City A’s
temperature is less than City D’s temperature.

25

50

75

T:\Projects\2010\ICAS\Maths\ProjectWorkDocuments\TestConstruction\Item-Template.doc
 Level 5
Vega Information Systems
Date: 11-31-2010
Confidential

Boxwire Medical Institute

Pharmacy Procedures - Disposal of controlled drugs

A controlled drug destruction kit (denaturing kit) should be ordered in advance, preferably as
soon as any controlled drug stock is ordered. The CDs (Controlled Drugs) for destruction kept
under quarantine should be added to the denaturing kit according to the process below.

Order of adding products to kit:

- solid oral dose forms (e.g. tablets/capsules, suspected illicit solids), powder containing
injection, and transdermal patches
- small volume liquids (e.g. injection ampoules)
- large volume liquids (e.g. oral liquids)

Processing products before adding to kit:

tablets and capsules should be removed from all packaging

Injection ampoules/vials should be opened and the contents and glass added to the contents,
transdermal patches should be cut in two.
Liquids should be emptied from the container and the container rinsed with a small volume of
water which is then added.

The CDs must be written out of the CD record book as they are added to the kit. The remaining
CD stock must be reconciled.

Once all products being destroyed have been added to the kit, water should be added, as
necessary, in accordance with the manufacturer͛s instructions. If there are a large number of
items being destroyed, the inactivation process may take up to 24hours for the process to
complete. The kit should then be put in the CD cupboard whilst the inactivation process is
taking place. The CDs are now considered ͚irretrievable͛.

www.nelft.nhs.uk/_.../All_Standard_Operating_Procedures_for_Controlled_Drugs_i.pdf
1. You are a licensed pharmacist at Boxwire Medical Institute. You are to dispose some oral
liquids, injection ampoules, and transdermal patches. According to the procedure shown, in
which order should you add:

A. both injection ampoules and oral liquids first and transdermal patches next.
B. injection ampoules first, transdermal patches second, and oral liquids last.
C. oral liquids first, injection ampoules second, transdermal patches last.
D. transdermal patches first and both injection ampoules and oral liquids next.
E. transdermal patches first, injection ampoules second, and oral liquids last.

Skill Assessed: Apply instructions which include conditionals

Justifications

A. Incorrect. both injection ampoules and oral liquids first and transdermal patches next.
According to the procedure, the transdermal patches should be added first followed by the
injection ampoules and then the oral liquids. This distractor is attractive if examinees misapply
the given order of adding drugs in the procedure.

B. Incorrect. injection ampoules first, transdermal patches second, and oral liquids last.
According to the procedure, the transdermal patches should be added first followed by the
injection ampoules and then the oral liquids. This distractor is attractive if examinees misapply
the given order of adding drugs in the procedure.

C. Incorrect. oral liquids first, injection ampoules second, transdermal patches last. According to
the procedure, the transdermal patches should be added first followed by the injection
ampoules and then the oral liquids. This distractor is attractive if examinees misapply the given
order of adding drugs in the procedure.

D. Incorrect. transdermal patches first and both injection ampoules and oral liquids
next.According to the procedure, the transdermal patches should be added first followed by the
injection ampoules and then the oral liquids. This distractor is attractive if examinees misapply
the given order of adding drugs in the procedure.

E. Correct. transdermal patches first, injection ampoules second, and oral liquids last .The
procedure says, ͞Order of adding products to kit: - solid oral dose forms (e.g. tablets/capsules,
suspected illicit solids), powder containing injection, and transdermal patches - small volume
liquids (e.g. injection ampoules) - large volume liquids (e.g. oral liquids). Not too obvious
because examinees may apply the incorrect order to the items in the list.
2. As used in the procedure shown, processing means:

A. adding.
B. destroying.
C. mixing.
D. ordering.
E. preparing.

Skill Assessed: Identify paraphrased definitions, Determine definition by context

Justifications

A. Incorrect. adding. From the details in the section for processing, it can be understood that
processing means preparing and not adding. This distractor is attractive if examinees use
information from other sections instead of the relevant processing section to arrive at the
meaning of processing.

B. Incorrect. destroying. From the details in the section for processing, it can be understood
that processing means preparing and not destroying. This distractor is attractive if examinees
use assumption based on the main idea of the reading instead of details in the reading to arrive
at the meaning of processing.

C. Incorrect. mixing. From the details in the section for processing, it can be understood that
processing means preparing and not mixing. This distractor is attractive if examinees use
assumption based on the different types of drugs mentioned in the section on processing
instead of the tasks for each type of drug to arrive at the meaning of processing.

D. Incorrect. ordering. From the details in the section for processing, it can be understood that
processing means preparing and not ordering. This distractor is attractive if examinees use
assumption based on the manner in which the drugs to be processed are ordered in the section
on processing instead of the tasks for each type of drug to arrive at the meaning of processing.

E. Correct. preparing. From the details in the section for processing, it can be understood that
processing means preparing as the task for each drug is preparing it before adding to the kit.
Not too obvious because examinees may use other feature of the section like the list of drugs,
the order of drugs, to arrive at the meaning of processing.
3. You are a licensed pharmacist at Boxwire Medical Institute. You are disposing some
controlled liquid drugs in the denaturing kit. According to the procedure, the drugs will be
considered irretrievable once:

A. they are emptied from their container.

B. they are inactivated.
D. they are put in the denaturing kit.
D. they are quarantined.
E. they are written out of the CD record book.

Skill Assessed: Work with jargon, technical terms, and acronyms.

Justifications

A. Incorrect. they are emptied from their container. According to the procedure shown, drugs
are irretrievable once they are inactivated. This distractor is attractive because the procedure
mentions emptying drugs from their containers. However, this activity is called processing.

B. Correct. they are inactivated. The procedure says, ͞The kit should then be put in the CD
cupboard whilst the inactivation process is taking place. The CDs are now considered
͚irretrievable͛.͟ Not too obvious because the procedure contains other activities and definitions
which examinees can consider plausible for the given context.

C. Incorrect. they are put in the denaturing kit. According to the procedure shown, drugs are
irretrievable once they are inactivated. This distractor is attractive because the procedure
mentions adding drugs into the denaturing kit. However, only after adding water and
inactivation can drugs be considered irretrievable.

D. Incorrect. they are quarantined. According to the procedure shown, drugs are irretrievable
once they are inactivated. This distractor is attractive because the procedure mentions that
drugs to be destroyed are quarantined. However, the drugs have to be processed, added to the
kit, and inactivated for the drugs to be considered irretrievable.

E. Incorrect. they are written out of the CD record book. According to the procedure shown,
drugs are irretrievable once they are inactivated. This distractor is attractive because the
procedure mentions that writing the drugs out of the CD record book. However, only after
adding water to the kit and inactivation can drugs be considered irretrievable.
 Common Core Science 2011 - CCSIB
Item Development
Item ID SR#:SR0013B108 Grade: 8

Content Area: Science

DOK: 2
Standard: S8P5c

Investigate and explain that electric currents and magnets can exert force on each other.

Content Constraint
Avoid items asking about the direction of magnetic fields in relation to the direction of electric current.

Documentation:
Art ID AS#: Item Format: MC Secondary Alignment:
SC08_B04_SR0013B108 S8CS5a. Observe and
explain how parts can be
related to other parts in a
system such as the role of
simple machines in
complex machines.

LEAD-IN: A student places two bar magnets on either side of a wire which is conducting a
current, as shown in the picture.

STIMULUS:

STEM: Which statement correctly describes what will happen in the experiment?

A The wire will experience a force because it creates an electric field.

B An electric current will flow through the poles of the magnets because the wire carries an
electric field.
C The unlike poles of the magnets will repel each other because the wire changes their
magnetic field.
D The magnet will prevent current from flowing through the wire because the magnets
produce a magnetic field.
 Common Core Science 2011 - CCSIB
Item Development

RATIONALES:
A Correct Response. A magnetic force acts on the current-carrying wires when they are
placed perpendicular to the magnetic field.
B The student assumes that the electric current in the wires induce an electric current in the
bar magnets.
C The student assumes that the unlike poles of the magnets repel each other because of the
electric current through the wires.
D The current will not stop flowing due to the presence of the bar magnets.
 Common Core Science 2011 - CCSIB
Item Development
Art Specifications
Art ID: SC08_B04_SR0013B108
Art Specification: Concept art provided. Label as shown. Size of art 17 × 13 picas.
Source:
 Raven’s Sample Items

Item [01]
Original
Raven’s item
this item is
intended to
match, and
description of
how it matches

Original Item: Each element in the matrix is made of two congruent shapes,
one regular and one bold.

Parallel Item: Same as in original.

Graphic equivalence:

=
=
=
=

Description of
Stimulus logic Original Item: In each row, the first element shows the two shapes apart, the
second element shows them overlapped after they moved in the opposite
directions and the third element shows them forming a closed shape after
they moved further in the opposite directions. In each column, the position
 of the dark and light shapes in each element is consistent.

Parallel Item: In each row, the first element shows the two shapes forming a
closed shape, the second element shows them overlapped after they moved
in the opposite directions, and the third element shows them apart after they
moved further in the opposite directions. In each column, the position of the
dark and light shapes in each element is consistent.

Logic/Rationale 1. Randomly combines shapes from the elements in the third column
for each without applying any rule.
Response 2. Chooses an option that appears as an element in the stimulus matrix.
Option (with 3. Chooses this option because it stands apart visually by having only one
correct answer shape.
indicated with 4. Randomly combines shapes from the elements in the third column
an asterisk (*)) without applying any rule.
5. Chooses an option that looks similar to the third element in the first row.
6. Combines the two elements in the third column after flipping the slanting
lines.
7.* Applies the correct rule to find the correct shapes and the correct
position of the shapes.
8. Chooses an option that appears as an element in the stimulus matrix.