Jubelle Z.

Maniacup
BSIT-IIM2

Factors of Development
Human growth and Development
 Heredity: Heredity and genes certainly play an important role in the transmission of physical and
social characteristics from parents to off-springs. Different characteristics of growth and
development like intelligence, aptitudes, body structure, height, weight, color of hair and eyes
are highly influenced by heredity.
 Sex: Sex is a very important factor which influences human growth and development. There is lot
of difference in growth and development between girls and boys. Physical growth of girls in teens
is faster than boys. Overall the body structure and growth of girls are different from boys.
 Socioeconomic: Socioeconomic factors definitely have some affect. It has been seen that the
children from different socioeconomic levels vary in average body size at all ages. The upper
level families being always more advanced. The most important reasons behind this are better
nutrition, better facilities, regular meals, sleep, and exercise. Family size also influences growth
rate as in big families with limited income sometimes have children that do not get the proper
nutrition and hence the growth is affected.
 Nutritional: Growth is directly related with nutrition. The human body requires an adequate
supply of calories for its normal growth and this need of requirements vary with the phase of
development. As per studies, malnutrition is referred as a large-scale problem in many developing
countries. They are more likely to be underweight, much shorter than average, and of low height
for age, known as stunting.
If the children are malnourished, this slows their growth process. There are nine different amino
acids which are necessary for growth and absence of any one will give rise to stunted growth.
Other factors like zinc, Iodine, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins are also essential for proper
growth and deficiency of anyone can affect the normal growth and development of the body.
 Hormones: There are a large number of endocrine glands present inside our body. These glands
secrete one or more hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones are capable of
raising or lowering the activity level of the body or some organs of the body. Hormones are
considered to be a growth supporting substance. These hormones play an important role in
regulating the process of growth and development.
 Pollution: According to studies, air pollution not only affects the respiratory organs but also have
harmful effects on human growth.
Indoor pollution or the pollution from housing conditions can result in ill health which can
negatively impact human growth and development. For example, lead exposure from deteriorated
lead-based paint in older housing can be very harmful. Lead is very harmful for children as it
simply gets immersed into the growing bodies of children and obstructs with the normal
development of brain and other organs and systems.
 Race: Racial factors also influence height, weight, color, features, and body constitution of a
human being. The body growth and development differences show a relationship with varied
cultural groups. For example a child of black race will be black, their height, their hair and eye
color, facial structure are all governed by the same race.
What is Behavior?
Behavior (American English) or behaviour(Commonwealth English) is the range of actions and
mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves
or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate)
physical environment.
Kinds of Behavior
 Overt Behavior: This behavior is such an obvious act or behavior. It is a behavior that is
observable by people. Based on my research, the perfect example of person that has it is a racist.
Racists have no trouble of expressing their feelings, views and thoughts. What they have in mind,
they speak openly. Overt Behavior may include walking, singing and other examples of bodily
actions.
 Covert Behavior: Opposite of overt behavior, covert behavior is a type of behavior that is an
unobvious manner and a type of behavior that is being disguised and secret. It is any kind of
action that can't be easily observed by other people. This behavior includes lying, praying,
thinking and dreaming as an example of covert behavior.
 Conscious Behavior: Is a type of behavior is conscious or aware. It is an action you do from
what you really wanted to do. Example of this is making breakfast. You make and eat breakfast
because you are hungry. It is like you know what you're doing or action with purposive conduct.
 Unconscious Behavior: A type of behavior where the person is unaware of what he's doing. It is
because of the automatic response of the body such as breathing and the beating of our hearts.
Unconscious behavior is doing anything without thinking of any motivation because it is
automatically done. Screaming because of cockroaches, spiders of females are like examples of
unconscious behavior.
 Rational Behavior: A type of behavior that is reasonable and used to explain the choices that
people make with regards to achieving satisfaction. It is like, people would rather be better off or
have more than less. For example, a person is more likely to buy an item at a lower price like
items on sale because they believe it is better.
 Irrational Behavior: It is defined as unreasonable behavior or having no clear objective or
meaning. Example of this based of what I've red is, you want to have a good day yet you punch
the mailman in the face. It is senseless and meaningless.
 Voluntary Behavior: Behavior that a person is naturally contributed to an action. It also means
that you have a free will and able to make a decision to take a specific action. Taking a walk
down the street is an example of voluntary behavior.
 Involuntary Behavior: Behavior that can't be controlled over. Example of this is when being
emerged into bright sunlight from a dark place, we usually blink several times often without even
knowing it.
Kinds of Parents

 Authoritarian Parenting: Authoritarian parents are often thought of as disciplinarians.

 Permissive Parenting: Permissive or Indulgent parents mostly let their children do what they
want, and offer limited guidance or direction. They are more like friends than parents.
 Uninvolved Parenting: Uninvolved parents give children a lot of freedom and generally stay out
of their way. Some parents may make a conscious decision to parent in this way, while others are
less interested in parenting or unsure of what to do.
 Authoritative Parenting: Authoritative parents are reasonable and nurturing, and set high, clear
expectations. Children with parents who demonstrate this style tend to be self-disciplined and
think for themselves. This style is thought to be most beneficial to children.